This study conducts a comparative analysis of the written feedback strategies employed by teachers and ChatGPT in the teaching of writing in Spanish as a foreign language (SFL). Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as sociocultural theory and the noticing hypothesis, it examines 35 compositions from B2-level students, classified according to categories of structure, content, and language. The research combines quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis using Grounded Theory and NVIVO 14. The results show that ChatGPT generates a greater number of comments, particularly explicit corrections and structural observations, standing out for its technical efficiency. Teachers, in contrast, provide more balanced feedback, prioritizing linguistic aspects, integrating cultural nuances essential for Spanish-speaking contexts, and employing affective/formative strategies that foster student autonomy and motivation. It is concluded that a hybrid model, combining ChatGPT’s efficiency in preliminary tasks with teachers’ contextual depth, will optimize writing learning.
El 29 de abril de 2025 se pudo escuchar en la Real Academia de la Lengua el discurso de ingreso en la institución de Antonio Machado, que el poeta escribió en 1931 pero nunca llegó a pronunciar. En él menciona La deshumanización del arte de Ortega y Gasset. Este artículo analiza la presencia directa o indirecta del ensayo del filósofo en el discurso, centrándose en la alusión de Machado a cuatro autores europeos (Marcel Proust, James Joyce, Paul Valéry y Jorge Guillén), en la crítica hacia la poesía pura y la creación guilleniana, así como en la pertinencia de sus palabras en un momento de cambio en la cultura española.
This paper examines Spanish denominal verbs with somatic bases. The analysis focuses, on the one hand, on the morphological mechanisms of derivation involved in their formation, namely the affixes employed and the resulting models; and, on the other hand, on the interrelation between morphology and semantics in order to identify general patterns. The purely morphological study is carried out within the structuralist approach, while the morphosemantic analysis develops a semantic typology of verbs through periphrases that reveal the type of argument assumed by the base once incorporated into the verb in question. The analysis uncovers relevant regularities at both levels: in some cases, they converge with the characteristic patterns of peninsular Spanish, while at others they differ. Particularly noteworthy are certain morphosemantic mechanisms related to the aspectual values of the expression of intensity and iterativity.
The aim of this article is to approach to the study of the canon of Nicaraguan lexicography. Specifically, at a time when the standard language was essential to avoid the fragmentation of the language and for social progress, Barreto reflects his linguistic purism in Vicios de nuestro lenguaje (1893), not only through the criticism of certain words, but also through the sources or models of language which he cites in the body of the text itself and which serve to justify or exemplify the correct use of a particular word. After a first approach to the linguistic context and the author’s life, the sources are analysed, establishing a classification between linguistic authority (references that serve to support his theoretical arguments) and literary authority (exemplifications that he uses to show the correct use), with the ultimate aim of finding out who are the models in the correct use of language.
En la literatura medieval el apego a la tradición era inherente al mismo acto creativo hasta el extremo de que en saber manejarla se fundamentaba la originalidad. En la lírica gallego-portuguesa se constatan relaciones entre textos que encajan en el concepto restringido de intertextualidad, en el que Genette incluye los casos de alusión y cita. En particular, la reutilización del refrán de una cantiga en otra fue considerada en la propia tradición gallego-portuguesa como una de las manifestaciones de la técnica del seguir en el Arte de Trovar. A ambas prácticas se aproxima esta contribución para mostrar que la evocación de otros autores y textos dista mucho de ser pasiva y se realizaba en un ámbito aristocrático compartido como parte de un juego literario. Asimismo, la recuperación del refrán de un texto en otro lleva asociado un cambio de registro determinante para establecer la dirección de la relación intertextual.
The present study focuses on examples of the type of Vi a Pablo que bailaba and Vi la casa que ardía, when in the latter the subordinate clause does not restrict the extension of the noun casa. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that in these cases, the subordinate clause introduced by que is not a relative clause with an explicit antecedent, nor a complement clause or CP (complementizer phrase) of the verb of perception, nor a complete secondary predicate in a small clause. The sequence ≪DP (=determiner phrase) + subordinate clause≫ in these examples forms a small clause, in which the subordinate clause is part of a secondary predicate (free relative clause) and the relative pronoun que incorporates the notion of time.
In this research we analyse the influence of a set of linguistic (previous phonic context, vowel in the syllabic nucleus, position in the word, syllable stress, number of syllables of the word, grammatical category, geolectal extension, type of noun, and lexical diffusion) and social variables (gender, age, and level of education), as well as the random informant factor, on the pronunciation variants of the palatal consonant /t∫/ in the city of Seville, affricate [t∫] and fricative [∫]), with special attention to the latter. To do so, we started from the framework of variation linguistics and used the corpus of the Proyecto para el estudio sociolingüístico del español de España y América (preseea) of the Andalusian capital. The main results obtained showed that the fricative vernacular allophone was conditioned by some internal factors and, more decisively, by the social features of the speakers.
The production of code-switching is quite common in bordering areas or in regions where two languages coexist and, according to some authors, it is even a resource to produce humour. With the aim of finding the factors of the success of humour in code-switching, I provide a pragmatic analysis on several audios from Gibraltar, Ceuta and Melilla, which contain code-switching between Spanish, English, Arabic and Berber. I will verify whether the success of humour depends on the sociolinguistic characteristics of the speaker, on the type of code-switching or on further parameters envisaged by the General Theory of Verbal Humour (GTVH). To this end, the final sections will present a comprehensive analysis of the results, divided into two categories: sociolinguistic and linguistic.
This paper offers a critical reassessment of Labov’s legacy by examining the relationship between linguistics and social reality. Its aim is to evaluate the relevance and limitations of Labov’s model within the framework of contemporary sociolinguistics. The methodology combines theoretical review with critical analysis of the epistemological and methodological foundations of the Labovian paradigm, focusing on how the social dimension has been incorporated into linguistic analysis. The main findings highlight that Labov’s work marked a turning point by legitimizing variation and real speech as central objects of study. However, the quantitative nature of his model reveals certain limitations, particularly its tendency to overlook axes of power, racialization, and gender, as well as its assumption of data neutrality. Within the current state of the field, this reflection contributes to ongoing debates advocating for a committed, intersectional, and critically engaged sociolinguistics that revisits and expands Labov’s contributions in response to contemporary challenges.
In 2016, Javier Cercas published El punto ciego (The Blind Spot), an essay that developed his theory in the form of a narrative technique on the novel as the basic format of literary modernism and postmodernism. Our study compares this theoretical model with the analysis of the cinematic narrative of three feature films of different genres and narrative styles. Through narratological analysis in the first instance and comparative analysis in the second, the research confirms, firstly, the hypothesis of the applicability of the literary narrative model in the film narrative in the broadest sense. Secondly, it confirms the capacity of the film narrative to expand the narrative and expressive possibilities of the model. The study uses this second confirmation to raise a series of discussions and possible lines of research, both theoretical and practical, from which the field of literary theory and creation could be nourished in the way back.
The collation, for the first time, of the ≪original print≫ (final copy of the manuscript) from which the pages of Camino were composed has made it possible to propose, for a new edition, the correction of deviations that had been transmitted by the editio princeps to all subsequent editions regarding the use of quotation marks and dashes (or long hyphens). Additionally, it has allowed us to take a stance on certain punctuation variants —particularly those with more subjective charge: colons, ellipses, interrogatives, and exclamation points.
En este trabajo se establece una distinción entre los conceptos origen y formación de las locuciones. El primero se refiere a los datos culturales que explican su surgimiento y el segundo, a los mecanismos conceptuales (metáfora, metonimia e hipérbole) y gramaticales (elipsis y derivación) que las forman. La distinción resulta fundamental para examinar su motivación y apoyar en esta su enseñanza-aprendizaje. El objetivo del artículo es mostrar la conveniencia de diferenciar ambos conceptos con la finalidad de recoger las informaciones relativas a ellos en un diccionario fraseológico en línea. La metodología para alcanzar el objetivo consiste en 1) el vaciado de diccionarios fraseológicos tradicionales que ofrezcan datos sobre su etimología, y 2) el análisis de los procesos cognitivos y gramaticales que las forman. Se concluye que estas informaciones deben ser parte del artículo lexicográfico, juntamente con otras registradas por diccionarios fraseológicos actuales: lema, categoría, marcación diafásica, frecuencia, combinatoria, definición y ejemplos.
Proper unipersonal verbs with a literal meaning are typically classified within a single group. However, their semantic and syntactic properties do not always coincide, which leads us to propose a distinction at the systemic level: verbs bearing the feature [+impersonal], whose lexical restrictions result in the absence of a subject, as the verbal base lacks a value that links the phenomenon expressed therein to a spatiotemporal referent that encompasses it; and verbs with the feature [-impersonal], whose reference to the phenomenon expressed by the lexical base –which does possess such a value– is associated with a referent that contains it and functions as an explicit or implicit subject in agreement with other syntactic elements. The potential omission of the subject in the latter type of verbs can be accounted for by the presence of an inclusive pro, an empty category with argumental status and without a recoverable anaphoric reading, interpreted instead through a deictic relation (expressed phenomenon – inclusive entity). Finally, normative criteria prevail in the figurative or transferred use of these verbs.
This article analyses the authorial posture (Meizoz 2007; 2011) of Cristina Morales, relating her public image and the textual ethos of her characters. Our main objective is to show that –both in its essential features and in the reactions it provokes– this posture can be read in the light of the figure of the killjoy described and vindicated by Sara Ahmed in several of her works, from its first conceptualisation in The Promise of Happiness (2004) to Living a Feminist Life (2017) and the very recent The Feminist Killjoy Handbook (2023), texts in which this figure becomes central. In dialogue with the philosopher and activist María Galindo (2014; 2021; Galindo/Sánchez 2007), whose proposals have had a decisive influence on the writer’s literary and political practice, the killjoy will guide us through the analysis of Morales’s image in the media and in several of her works, especially Lectura facil (2018).
Adopting a dynamic variation perspective and based on complex dynamic systems theory (cdst), this study examines the development of syntactic complexity in Spanish writing among Chinese university learners. A longitudinal corpus of 324 texts produced during their first academic year was analyzed using data visualization methods to track three subsystems: t-unit length, subordination, and complex noun phrases. Results revealed fluctuating growth with distinct individual patterns. Key turning points emerged in early and mid-second semester, where over half of learners demonstrated qualitative syntactic shifts. Intra-system correlations were predominantly positive, though resource limitations triggered internal competition. The study illuminates syntactic system reorganization and intra/inter-individual variation dynamics in l2 writing development.
