The didactic nature of infographics facilitates the understanding of apparently complex data, which is why infographics have become an essential tool in the last two years as they have served as the most appropriate intermediary between authorities and citizens thanks to the press. By means of a descriptive and exploratory quantitative content analysis, we analyzed the infographics published by El País in its digital edition during the first two years of the health crisis (n=599). The results reveal that the infographics respond to a multitude of aspects related to the coronavirus pandemic and that more than half of the articles analyzed are grouped around the same three topics, the most common being the monitoring of infections and deaths (n=173). Therefore, this work provides an updated view from a broader temporal perspective than its predecessors, which allows us to identify and deepen the variations caused in the different waves and, in short, represents an advance in the research on infographics published in the press that are related to public health.
This study focuses on photojournalists as a distinct category of photographers. Consequently, the background of this article is not the history of journalism and journalists, but the history of photography as it can be reconstructed in the particular context of socialist Albania (1944-1991). The dictatorship established by Enver Hoxha in 1944 and which survived until 1991 produced an immense quantity of photographs that cannot be reduced to the category of "propaganda photography" generally associated with the photographic production of totalitarian regimes. Because of their number, distribution and political constraints, press photographs constitute a particularly important genre of this production, and it is with them, or more precisely with their producers, that the study deals. The aim of this article is thus to grasp the meaning of the category of "photojournalist" and to explain its characteristics and transformations throughout the socialist period in Albania.
How did the Spanish press treat the scandal of the Adulterated Oil Toxic Syndrome that broke out in 1981? The article proposes a re-reading of this event and questions the modalities of the social construction of a health crisis. Two dimensions will be privileged in the analysis: in what way does the Toxic Syndrome of Adulterated Oil constitute a new paradigm in the field of health scandals? In what way does this scandal confront the young Spanish democracy with its dictatorial past and the maintenance of fraudulent practices?
The Spanish expelled Jesuit Matías de Rueda y León (1741-c.1820) is peculiar for his persistent Frenchification, in its broadest sense of admiration for French culture and language. He was one of the first secularized in Corsica in September 1767 to settle in Bayonne and other cities in the south of France, such as Nîmes and Avignon, devoting himself to teaching and studying French and Spanish grammar for the rest of his life. In France he composed three grammatical works: Grammaire espagnole à l'usage des François, published in Nîmes (1797); Gramática Francesa para uso de la Nación Española, in Avignon (1801); and the third, Gramática completa y razonada de la Lengua Castellana para usos de la Nación, remained unpublished and lost, despite its interest from the time he returned to Spain at the beginning of 1809 until the defeat of the French (1813). We do not know exactly how long Rueda was in France, because it varies in the announcements of the publications of his Grammars in the Madrid press (Gaceta de Madrid and Diario de Madrid), where he held some debate, as with the Asturian abbot Juan Manuel Alea in the first months of 1811.
The exile to London of many Spanish intellectuals after the failure of the liberal regime in 1823 favored the transformation of some of them into cultural intermediaries between Spain, the United Kingdom and newly independent Spanish America. This triangulation between national identities and cultural codes is particularly noticeable in the writers who worked for editor Rudolph Ackermann on Spanish-language newspapers in London for the Spanish-American public. This article studies the case of the two most relevant, José María Blanco White and José Joaquín de Mora, highlighting the transnational focus of their journalistic work.
This research proposes, firstly, a contextualisation of the panorama of the Madrid daily press in 1918, when the misnamed Spanish flu made its appearance; secondly, it presents an approach to the genre of dialogued graphic humour offered during the pandemic —and its authors— which, with different meanings, was published in the newspapers of the time as an informative and critical value that appeared in their pages in the previous century; finally, it carries out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of these humorous insertions in the newspaper El Fígaro, between 1918 and 1920, and of their author, the multifaceted Lorenzo Aguirre.
This article analyses how journalists and the press adapt to a war-torn environment. He takes as an example the case of the Basque Country during the Spanish War (1936-1939) and highlights the various developments affecting the press and its personnel in the territories controlled by both antifascists and rebel army.
Despite its title there was nothing “conservative” about the newspaper El Conservador published in Madrid from March 27th to September 30th, 1820. Actively campaigning against Inquisition, the paper proved how wise it had been to abolish it through various articles exposing the excesses and atrocities perpetrated by its members between 1815 and 1820, at a time when, according to the paper, the Tribunal of the Holy Office had been more repressive than ever (before) and a period for which no figures nor testimonies remained. El Conservador also strongly advised former prisoners from these secret jails to make statements for the sake of History. Thus, through its close analysis of articles published about the Inquisition and its members, this piece, after introducing a paper seldom studied, is trying to bring light to the Holy Office’s endeavours at a period for which information is scarce.
This article analyses the strategies implemented by two European reference newspapers - El País and Le Monde - in their digital transformation process during the period 2005-2020. Based on the results of the research programme “News and Quality in European reference media” of the “HGH Media, Society and Education” group of the University of the Basque Country (in which the author participated), as well as on recent scientific reading, this study compares the quality of content, the internal and external growth strategies, and the profitability of both media. After mentioning the disruptions that have shaken the sector and explaining our methodological approach, we will see that El País and Le Monde have a similar editorial line, but a very different growth strategy, which have conditioned the evolution of these media.
In 1821, France followed with passion the outbreak of yellow fever in Barcelona, that was the main focus of the press. Surprisingly, the latter scarcely used Spanish newspapers as a source of information, as was common practice at a time when news agencies did not exist. Why was it the case? By analysing the way daily newspapers reported on the sanitary crisis in the Catalonian capital, this article tries to give an answer. Although the whole kingdom expressed compassion and solidarity toward the unfortunate inhabitants of Barcelona, media focus translated in very different ways depending on whether it appeared in newspapers of the Catalonian capital, in local or national Madrid-based newspapers, or in other regional media. Obviously, except for Catalonia itself, the yellow fever was not the main focus of Spaniards: worries about the political situation came before those about the dramatic consequences of the epidemic.
The work that we present has as its first objective to offer a tour of the trajectory of one of the most representative newspapers of Spanish journalism during the 19th and 20th centuries. The meticulous study of its content has provided us with enough material to delve into the vicissitudes of the header, as well as the principles defended by the ideology that promoted it.But, simultaneously, reading El Socialista has allowed us to better understand the communicative structure existing in those decades, a scheme where the doctrinaire press and modern informative journalism were combined, with equal prominence.
El Patriota Riojano was born in Logroño at the end of the Liberal Triennium. It was published between the months of October 1822 and April 1823. It positioned himself in a firm liberalism close to exaltation, criticizing both the moderates and the comuneros of the region. It showed total support for the military operations against the absolutists that took place in the Spanish north. It led him to publish, from its first issue, a series of military "bulletins" in which he detailed the advances of the constitutional troops and the movements of the royalists, especially in La Rioja, Álava and Navarra. Due to their importance as a source of information, they were reproduced in several newspapers in Madrid, Barcelona, Cádiz and Palma de Mallorca. They became essential chronicles that revealed the military evolution of the counterrevolution.
This work focuses on the knowledge and analysis of the press of the Liberal Triennium in Valencia through the affinities or confrontations of the newspapers themselves. Since March 1820, protected by the freedom of the press, newspapers appear in favour and against the new liberal regime with the intention of influencing public opinion in favour of their ideas. And they take advantage of their pages to include news of those that come to light or those that are extinct, their editors, their prices and their ideologies. Some were short-lived and others were maintained throughout the period, accommodating political circumstances and, with few exceptions, fed on the foreign press.
The article highlights the Italian mediatic echo of the revolution that began in Spain at the beginning of January 1820, through the case of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, where the Spanish insurrection had been set up as a model by the Neapolitan liberals, starting from the uprising that they provoked in the first days of July 1820. The attention paid to the Constitution of Cadiz and to Spanish parliamentary events is explained by the fact that they are considered experimental, in order to install a liberal regime in Naples. The aim is to highlight the processes of construction built around the Constitution of Cadiz, as well as the debates it provokes within Neapolitan civil society, by drawing on both the information press and Neapolitan and Palermo opinion magazines, which are particularly attentive to Spanish political news.
The journalistic-literary genre of the spectators developed in early 18th century England and rapidly spread all over the Western World. As a very popular communication medium over the course of the century, the spectator periodicals mirror the knowledge of the Enlightenment within their pages. Among a plethora of topics, also the topics of gender, especially what it means to be a valuable woman and man in the (emerging) bourgeois society and gender relations, are addressed.This article examines the stereotypical gender discourses within the French- and Spanish-language spectators and demonstrates, how the cultural knowledge on gender was co-constructed, retained, and distributed in the periodical over the century.
Faced with an imminent French invasion, the Spanish Cortes ordered the Royal Family, the Government and the main political institutions to relocate to Seville, which they did on the 10th of April 1823. In Seville, the Gaceta Española - which appeared the next day- became the new voice of the constitutional government. Serving an itinerant and soon besieged government, the Gaceta Española (Seville - Cádiz, April to October 1823) had to face many problems, including access to diversified and qualified sources of information in the civil war context. This article aims at identifying which sources editors could access, which kind of information they delivered to their readership, and in which measure difficulty of access to sources impacted on their journalistic practice and writing.
This work aims to contribute to the study of the press in colonial Morocco and, more specifically, to the nationalist press written in Arabic during the Spanish protectorate. The main goal is to offer the reader who does not know this language an overview of nationalist magazines and newspapers which will developed in future texts. Authorized by the Spanish colonial administration, the Moroccan responsibles of these publications tried to maintain a difficult balance between the dissemination of their demands and the censorship imposed by the Spanish authorities. These officials made a series of concessions to nationalism within the framework of a cultural policy with, among others, the existence of an Arab press, conceived at all times as an element of propaganda of the Spanish civilizing work. To this purpose, a historical context will be drawn by including a list of publications, their main editorial lines, some examples of this precarious balance and to what extent could be considered exceptional the publication and distribution of the newspaper al-Ummah. From this panoramic view is deduced the Moroccan point of view, little known until now; the importance of the instrumentalization of the press and its ambivalent role in indigenous politics will be also stressed; and new approaches and issues of study concerning the press during the Spanish protectorate shall be proposed as well.
The aim of this paper is to study discourses on national identity in the Spanish and francophone spectatorial press. This literary-journalistic genre was initiated in England at the beginning of the 18th century and was emulated throughout Europe. It serves as a literary laboratory for authors and the reading public and anticipates literary strategies that will mark the development of the novel in the 19th century. In a pleasant tone and using micro-narrations about everyday life, the authors of these periodicals spread the new social norms of the Enlightenment among the emerging bourgeoisie. So, in this article, we will first briefly discuss the characteristics of the Spectator press. We will then examine the ideological framework of the discourse on national identity in the eighteenth century and the close relationship between historiography and the narrative act. Finally, we will see at what historical moment and with which discursive resources national identity is treated in the Spanish and francophone Spectator periodicals.
The beginnings of the Spanish Liberal Triennium had an unusual impact on the British press of all political affiliations. As the different stages of its implementation took place, Spain became in England a benchmark in the fight against despotism and in favour of a peaceful and enlightened revolution of its institutions. This paper aims to offer an overview of this process in the light of successive news reports in the most representative newspapers.
