全球教育治理与中国作为全球治理的观念是在上个世纪90年代经济全球化的背景下提出来的,一方面是顺应世界多极化趋势,另一方面又要对国际事务有一个共同的治理准则,所以提出了全球治理的观念.二战以后,在战争时期发明起来的电子、核子,战后转为民用,以电子、核子为基础的科学技术得到迅猛的发展,从而带动了经济...>>详细全球教育治理与中国作为全球治理的观念是在上个世纪90年代经济全球化的背景下提出来的,一方面是顺应世界多极化趋势,另一方面又要对国际事务有一个共同的治理准则,所以提出了全球治理的观念.二战以后,在战争时期发明起来的电子、核子,战后转为民用,以电子、核子为基础的科学技术得到迅猛的发展,从而带动了经济的高速增长.知识经济时代的到来,生产转型升级,跨国公司发展,更是使得各国生产互依互补,加上世界物流的加速,促进了经济的全球化.于是出现了如世贸组织等国际机构来协调全球的经济活动,随着大气污染治理、全球抗击新冠病毒,全球治理已经不限于经济领域,全球治理的观念开始深入人心.
随着中美两国步入大国竞争时代,美国采取"全政府"对华战略,把限制中美教育科技交流,尤其是高科技交流,作为遏制中国发展的重要手段."全政府"主要是指决策和执行的"全政府",侧重政府部门之间的广泛协作.在其指导下,特朗普政府的白宫、国务院、教育部等主要行政部门相互协作,推出了系列对华教育科技交流打压、设限的政策和行动,并体现出思想上的统一性、政策上的完整性、行动上协同性等鲜明特点.特朗普政府限制中美教育科技交流将弱化中美战略互信根基,削弱美国高等教育的影响力、科技创新力和公共外交软实力,并对中美及全球教育科技交流合作和中国高科技发展产生一定的负面影响,同时也为拜登政府的对华教育科技交流设置樊笼.
In the current practice of the education policy implementation,there is a phenomenon that the diverse stakeholders always conflict with each other,these problems are caused by some profound factors.By seeking the common interests,improving the supervision mechanism of the educational policy implementation and re-examining the educational policy implementation with the real justice,we can analyze the relationships among stakeholders during the progress of educational policy implementation.This can ensure that the implementation process of the educational policy smoothly and correctly.
Based on a national scale graduate survey data conducted in 2009 and the descriptive statistic analysis,this paper analyzes the gender disparity in high-quality higher education opportunity,academic achievement,and graduate employment.The empirical results have showed：（1）there is a phenomenon of ＂one-advantage,two-shortage,and three-lower＂ for the female.＂one-advantage＂ means that female students showed better academic achievement.＂two-shortage＂ means that female students have both less general higher education opportunity and less high-quality higher education opportunity.＂three-lower＂ means that female students have lower placement rate,lower starting salary,and lower job satisfaction.（2）Both industry composition and work unit composition are quite different between male and female graduates in the labor market.75% female graduates work in tertiary industry,well nearly one half of male graduates work in the second industry.The female graduates have less opportunity to work in state owned enterprises and government agency.
Most scholars and observers recognize that organizational culture has a powerful effect on the performance of first-class universities.This paper compares the Tsinghua University and MIT.The comparison between these two universities showed that Chinese universities should change culture in order to enhance the innovation ability.
Taiwanese central government has initiated a series of educational reforms since 1990s targeting at improving leaning efficiency and educational inequality.Nevertheless,such educational reforms do not significantly meet the needs of parents but bring education into a controversial arena.This article will not evaluate such criticism but attempt to profile the social class factors whose influence is adequate to regulate educational results.Although educational policies may produce a structural form to constrain parents＇ educational behaviors,agency,a counter element,may bestow a great amount of latitude upon parents allowing them to conduct constructive actions and,then,to free themselves from such structural constraints.Nevertheless,different social class parents may employ different types of educational actions towards educational reforms.Generally speaking,middle class parents may generally be characterized as a proactive creature.In contrast,working class parents tend to be subject to the structural constraints.Such a differentiation with a powerful influence tends to make educational inequality remain firmly.
This article addresses the issue of academic freedom as one of the fundamental principles central to modern university,discussing its importance for the society,exploring how the concept is socially constructed from a historical perspective,and revealing that underlying the notion is desirability of knowledge.This article then identifies threats and challenges to academic freedom western universities face mainly in the contemporary context.At last,academic freedom is discussed in the Chinese context,followed by a reconstruction of academic freedom as a universal ideal.
Based on the 2010 annual data set of Beijing College Student Survey,this paper examines the relationships among student engagement,campus interactions,and college student achievement by employing structural equation model（SEM）.The findings include：[1] student engagement in classroom learning,learning outside of classroom,multidisciplinary learning,and extra-curricular participant significantly influence college student achievement;[2] interactions with faculty,student affairs professionals,and peer students positively impact student engagement;[3] among different type of institutions,how student engagement and interactions effect student development varies.
Using 2008 graduates＇ survey data and quantitative method,this paper studies several questions on the match between college students＇ filed of study and their jobs.We find that：firstly,thirty percent of college students report that their filed of study and job are not related;secondly,field of study and job match varies across college major,which means students in different major have a different possibility of match;thirdly,match are also affected by several factors,such as gender,college characteristic and individual intern experiences;and lastly,mismatch between field of study and job has a wage effect on students salary.Based on these findings,we propose some policy implications and suggestions for the government,universities,graduates,and employers.
In recent years,universities have been witnessing the academic misconduct repeatedly occurred,by which academic ethics regulation is brought into the focus of the university management.University academic ethics regulation is such a kind of academic management activity that could make academic activities in a right way or maintain a good state by the ethical way.Compared with other methods,university academic ethics regulation is not only a value regulation that is matching the academic ethics anomie,but also has some other advantages,such as according with the operating law of university academic activities,conforming to the work characteristics of the faculty,owning more effective regulation than single academic norms and so on.The implementation of the regulation involved the internal ethical values management and the external restrictions.
"The Construction of National Excellent Course" policy plays an important role in the "Quality Project" of the higher education.In the era of informationization and massfication,"The Construction of National Excellent Course" is a vital policy with the focus of discovering and developing excellent educational resources.This article analyses the implementation of this policy from the advocacy coalition framework.
The idealistic purpose of university ranking is to encourage the self-improvement of universities as well as providing reliable information to users on higher education quality for public accountability.Nevertheless,most current rankings advocate indices related highly to the academic selectivity of institutions,while having nothing to do with quality of their performances.At the same time,since the rankings are mostly pushed by competition among universities as quasi-merchandise,it was inevitable that some social values of higher education as labor training and research were emphasized more than others such as student individual development and social justice,which are more invisible but influential from a long term.The rankings therefore ruined the ecology of higher education competition and made social injustice more serious.Value-added evaluation might bring some light to the darkness of rankings but not the primary way to solve the problem since it is functioned as one of the many measures in quality assessment.
To strengthen the advanced research in universities is an important science and technology policy in Japan.This policy contributes to the structural adjustment and academic development of several universities which mainly focus on post-graduate education.Kyoto University can be regarded as a typical model of the universities subjected to this policy due to its educational philosophy and organizational system.The focus of graduate school enhances the university＇s research capability.Improved large Academic Chair system help bringing up research talents,and university legal personalization reform optimized the academic environment.Their experience in improving university innovation can be a good reference for Chinese university.
This article focuses on the 2009-2010 freshman orientation courses at Nanjing University.Based on the quasi-experimental survey and interview data,the results show the orientation courses are very popular among freshman.College freshman show significant progresses in the class participation and the social activities,less in study methodology,major-recognition,and self-recognition.The orientation course make the freshman adjustment process shorter and relieve their adjustment stress.The study suggests that universities should open other related courses which could maintain the orientation courses effects.
This paper use the panel data of BEWAP to study the effect of layout adjustment of schools on student achievement in primary school of rural area in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.By the comparisons of two-level value-added model and OLS estimation results,the research shows that the layout adjustment policy generally has a negative effect on primary school students＇ achievement,especially on the language achievement.Specifically,the factors of school condition,dormitory area per-student and degree of school satisfaction have positive impacts on student achievement,the achievement of resident student slightly lower than non-resident student.The factors of farther home-school distance,more financial burden of families,inadequate supporting facilities of schools and the absence of psychological or other assistance have negative impacts on students＇ achievement,which are higher than the policy＇s positive effects.Based on the empirical study,this research suggests that the government should construct better hardware establishment and software condition while the improvement of school condition in the process of layout adjustment,ensure relevant financial input and enhance supervision so as to realize the goal of improving education quality.
Since the foundation of the People＇s Republic of China,in order to adapt to the transformation of economic and politic systems,the professional title system of teachers in a university has experienced a gradual changing progress from the political control model to the quasi-market economic model,and the connotation of professional and technical posts has experienced the corresponding changes and has been constantly enriched.However,there are still some problems,such as too much government intervention,incomplete mechanism of social evaluation and inadaptation of the macropolicy trends,and the system obstacles,and they all go against with the development of the professionalization of teachers in a university.In accordance with the logic of the professional technology development,the reform of the professional title system of teachers in a university should be based on straightening out the relations of the government,the society and the employers,and the system potential of market economic model should be applied,so as to release the labor of teachers in a university further and promote the growth of talents.
When states reduce appropriations to high education,American universities take two methods to cope with the fiscal crisis:increasing revenue(including tuition,fee)and reducing spending on hiring faculty.By using Theory of Risk Society and quantitative methods,this paper explores how American universities deal with contradictions between fiscal difficulties and quality of universities.The research found that under the condition of ensuring basic quality,universities often employ part time rather than full time faculty.Relatively higher standards of tenure system and faculty annual review further ensure quality of teachers.The problems that American universities face are the global problem,which other parts of the world are encountering now or will encounter in the future in a risk society.The author expects that the experiences of American universities in this regard will provide one of the lessons for China's reform in human resource management in higher education.
Globalization of education refers to the worldwide discussions,processes,and institutions affecting local educational practices and policies.There are international organizations that directly and indirectly influence national school systems.There are multinational education corporations and schools.Government and professionals engage in global discussions about school policies.Today,the dominant educational ideology is human capital economics and consumerism.Human capital economics defines the primary goal of education to be economic growth.Educational discourses around the world often refer to human capital,lifelong learning for improving job skills,and economic development.Consequently,there is a burgeoning global market for global education business,for-profit education,global testing services,as well as shadow education.The author proposes that school policies should be evaluated on their contribution to the social conditions that provide the conditions for human happiness and longevity rather than being judged by their contribution to economic growth and income.
Distance learning MBA education has been in America and Europe for over 30 years.However,distance learning MBA programmes have only been in Asia for over a decade.This article outlines the growth experience and reflections of distance learning education in American,Europe and Asia,and explains the future directions
