To ensure grain security, it is not only necessar y to protect farmers’ enthusiasm to grow grain, but also to stimulate local governments’ enthusiasm to stabilize grain production. The significant achievements in grain production in China cannot be achieved without the implementation by local governments and key officials. Ensuring that the central and local governments share the same goals in grain governance through official incentives is an important aspect of policy implementation,but little research has focused on it. Based on the promotion tournament theory, this paper makes use of the panel data of 31 provinces from 2003 to 2019 to construct an official promotion model. Then it analyzes the paths to improve the motivation of local governments to stabilize grain production from the perspective of official incentives and examines whether grain production performance is one of the elements of official promotion. The findings show that grain production performance is conducive to official promotion in the grain-producing regions. In contrast, it is not significant for the promotion of officials in the grain production and marketing balance areas, the main marketing areas and the full samples. This conclusion is verified by the robustness test and the endogeneity test. It is confirmed that in the main grain-producing regions, a channel has been established for local officials to be promoted through stabilizing grain production, and the promotion tournament is an important mechanism to stabilize grain production. In the future, we should optimize the provincial governor responsibility system for grain security, improve the incentive accuracy and pertinence of officials in ensuring grain security, strengthen the use of local grain security assessment results, improve the incentive intensity of grain security officials, enhance the sense of responsibility for stabilizing grain production of the local Party and government officials, and implement the same responsibilities of the Party and government officials in grain security.
Due to the rise of urban development in the Song Dynasty, the number of urban CI increased sharply. The urban CI covered a lot of aspectsof urban life and had a wide range of contents, which were unprecedented in the previous generation. They enjoyed profound representativeness in the construction of literary geographical space.From the perspective of the outer space, urban CI in Song Dynasty is based on the real scenes of the real cities, takes the urban material space as the describing objects, truly restores the literary activities and scenes of the Song Dynasty, and constructs a three-dimensional and regional literary geographical space.From the perspective of the inner space,through the spatial experience and memory of the cities, the poetsof Song Dynasty take the urban geographical space as the carrier and symbol of the poets’ emotions, and construct a literary geographical space containing implicitly the universalfeelings of the man of letters in the Song Dynasty.From the perspective of space-time structure, the urban Ci of the Song Dynasty adopts the combination of space-time consistency, space-time dislocation and multiple space-time convolution and interleaving to cross integrate the urban geographical space from different angles and levels, and finally achieve the multi-element construction of literary geographical space from outside to inside and from point to surface.
Based on the date of China Family Panel Studies 2018, this paper chooses the Bivariate Probit model and the instrumental variable Probit model to test the correlation between health risks and insurance and to study the selection effects in the supplementary medical insurance markets.The results show that the “health risk-insurance”correlation is significantly negative in the supplementary medical markets. The groups self-assessed as relatively healthy people are more willing to participate in the supplementary medical insurance. This paper confirms the robustness of the empirical results by making a robustness analysis with the more objective proxy variables and the adjusted hospitalization costs as the proxy variables of health risks. The results of the heterogeneity analysis show thatthe health risks and risk aversion jointly make clear that the selection effect is advantageous selection in China’s supplementary medical insurance markets. In the relatively immature supplementary medical insurance markets, personal information is multi-dimensional; the relative risk aversion can exert a significantly impact on the decision to participate in the supplementary medical insurance.
The appraisal procedure before taxation legislation refers to such an appraisal procedure that the particular evaluation subject performs on the necessity and feasibility of the tax items being legislated, the legitimacy and reasonableness of tax law drafts and thecost-effectiveness and expected impact of tax legislationbefore the tax law drafts are submitted for voting in accordance with certain steps, time series and methods. This evaluation process before taxation legislation has several functions, such as preventing vacant evaluation system, optimizingthe configuration of the resources beingevaluated, excluding willfulness and arbitrariness, and justifying the evaluation results. The construction of the process should follow the principles of participation, openness, fairness, proportionality.The basic evaluationprocess before taxation legislation includes the three stages of starting, executing andresponding, each should abide by the corresponding request of the process.
It is crucial to stimulate farmers’ endogenous motivation and improve their entrepreneurial performance in order to promote rural economic and social development. From the perspective of individual psychological characteristics, this paper constructs the relationship model between farmers’ proactive personality and entrepreneurial performance,collects the data from 541 entrepreneurial farmers in 6provinces, and conducts a test on the model with the ordinary least squares and the asymmetric confidence interval method based on bootstrapping. The results show that the proactive personality has a significant positive impact on farmers’ entrepreneurial performance, and that the proactive personality has a significant positive impact on the exploitative innovation behaviors and the exploratory innovation behaviors of the entrepreneurial farmers. It is found through further intervening mechanism analysis that the proactive personality can affect the entrepreneurial performance by taking advantage of the partial mediation of theexploitative innovation behaviors and the exploratory innovation behaviors. The mediating effect of the exploitative innovation between the proactive personality and the entrepreneurial performance is stronger than that of the exploratory innovation. In theory, the results of this study expand the understanding of the factors affecting farmers’ entrepreneurial performance and enrich the researches of the grassroots innovation. In practice, it is suggested that the cultivation of proactive personality should be included in farmer training projects, and farmers’ innovation should be emphasized and supported, so as to promote the high-quality development of farmers’ entrepreneurship.
The General Office of the State Council issued The Comprehensive Plan for Reducing Social Premium Rates in 2019. This Plan explicitly cuts the unit contribution rate of basic pension insurance for urban workers to 16%, which will pose a greater challenge to the adequacy of pension insurance funds. With the help of the OLG model, this paperstudies the impact of the two policies of reducing the pension insurance contribution rate and delaying retirement on the adequacy of the pension insurance funds. The findings show that, firstly, implementing the pension insurance contribution reduction policy alone will directly lead to a significant decline of fund income in the current pooling account at the steady state period, and indirectly cause an increase in the pooling account fund expenditure and individual account fund income and expenditure through affecting the per capita capital stock and wage level at the steady state, which will exert a certain impact on the adequacy of funds.Secondly, the implementation of the delayed retirement policy alone will directly and indirectly result in a decline and then an increase in the income of the pooling account funds and the individual account funds, a significant decline in the expenditure of the pooling account funds, and a slight decline in the expenditure of the individual account funds. Thirdly, the implementation of the delayed retirement policy in the context of fee reduction will significantly reduce the challenges to the adequacy of funds brought by the fee reduction policy, and both the pooling fund gap and the total fund gap are likely to shrink to the pre-fee reduction level with the gradual delay in the retirement age.
As a cutting-edge technology industry, the high-tech industryis confronted with such a question as how can it achieve its high-quality development and improve its resilience in the face of external shocks, which has become a hotspotfor present researches. Based on provincial panel data from 2011 to 2019, this paper makes a calculation to obtain the numerical values of digital economy,business environment and high-tech industry resilience with the entropy method. Then based onthe theoretical analysis, it empirically tests the impact effect of digital economy on the resilience of high-tech industry, the impact mechanism and the adjustment effect of business environment with the econometric model. The results show that, the digital economy has a positive impact on the resilience of high-tech industries on the whole, and a good business environment can enhance the promotion of the digital economy on the resilience of high-tech industries. The heterogeneity test shows that the promotion effect of digital economy on industrial resilience varies from region to region, and the spillover effect on the eastern region is greater. The result of further impact mechanism test shows that the digital economy will promote the resilience of high-tech industries by promoting industrial upgrading and improving industrial innovation capacity.
The radiation impact of public health fiscal expenditure in provincial capitals is an important perspective to explore the construction path and development mode of provincial public health system. Based on the“siphonic effect”and“diffusing effect”, this paper uses the panel data of 233prefecture-level cities to conduct theoretical construction and empirical exploration on the radiation impact of public health financial expenditure in provincial capitals. The results show that, in terms of the radiating capacity, although the radiating capacity of public health financial expenditure in provincial capitals is increasing, only the relative changes of the radiating capacity in central and northeast provincial capitals are consistent with the absolute changes, and the radiation intensity is increased and the scope is expanded. In terms of the radiation effect, the“diffusing effect”is greater than the“siphonic effect”, and the radiation impact of public health financial expenditure in provincial capitals is generally positive, that is, through the“double engine”drive of increasing the share deviation and strengthening structural advantages, it can significantly stimulate the incremental expansion of the public health financial expenditure in non-provincial capital cities. Further analysis shows that the radiation impact and action path of public health financial expenditure in provincial capitals have significant regionalheterogeneity, Therefore, in order to promote the network construction and coordinated development of urban clusters of modern public health system, we should give full play to the demonstration effect of provincial capitals and provide supporting measures according to local conditions.
The Chinese path to modernization is a scientific path to comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The three-dimensional interpretation framework of“ spanning-stability-surpassing”can effectively explainthe internal logic of the Chinese path to modernization.The Chinese path to modernizationis neither“ the old closed and rigid way” nor“ the evil way to change the flag”; but a scientific socialist way to leaping over Caudine Forks. While carrying the mission of the times of saving China and developing China, the Chinese path to modernizationwill guarantee a continuous stabilityand a healthy developmentof the social conditions after the“spanning”.The Chinese path to modernization is also a scientific way to achieving“double transcendence”in the interaction of theory and practice and leading to the new form of human civilization. The Chinese path to modernizationis just the effective connection between the basic principles of scientific socialism and China’s reality creatively achieved by Chinese people. It is the finest example of the sinicization and modernization of Marxism. It is the way of the negation of“ spanning-stability-surpassing”. The Chinese path to modernization is a scientific way to leading Chinese people to build a beautiful homeland and to realize the national rejuvenation whole-heartedly and leading Chinese nation to building China into a“Model of the Times”of socialist modern power.
From the research perspective of accelerating the common prosperity of farmers and rural areasin China, this paper uses the chain decision analysis method to discuss the tandem type decision mechanism for such choices as whether industrial and commercial capital should enter rural areas, what type and field of rural areas to enter, and how to enter. This study holds that the choice of whether industrial and commercial capital should enter the rural areas is to seek the optimal solution under the existing constraints. The main line of the series optimal solution is the win-win comprehensive income covering economic, political, social and other dimensions as well as the multiple subjects including industrial and commercial capital, villages and villagers. The above conclusions suggest that it is better to encourage and guide industrial and commercial capital to participate in the rural revitalization strategy during the process of common prosperity. The policy system design and policy arrangement should focus on the mechanism of investment choice of industrial and commercial capital based on win-win comprehensive income, and the differentiated policies should be implemented with targets, so as to achieve reasonable returns of industrial and commercial capital while promoting the common development of villages and villagers, thereby to help achieve Chinese-style common prosperity.
在国家现代化这一框架内思考党的百年历史及未来发展道路,是目前学界关注的热点.党的二十大锚定中国式现代化建设的航标,对全面建成社会主义现代化国家进行顶层设计和战略部署.开辟中国式现代化道路,实现和平转型与追赶,探索后发国家独特的现代化道路,开世界范围内现代化之先河,无论对于中国国家整体的长期发展,还是对于世界的现代化道路实践均具有重要意义.中国社会科学院国家高端智库首席专家、中国社会科学院原副院长蔡昉领衔之作《中国式现代化:发展战略与路径》(中信出版社2022年版)一书,从多维度分析中国式现代化的战略部署与发展路径.该书有助于把握中国现代化发展大势,明晰现代化道路的内涵、挑战与方向,为探索一条属于中国且具有全球意义的现代化道路提供有益指导.
入境旅游是我国现代旅游产业体系的关键组成部分,正确认识入境旅游周期波动规律,对于准确把握我国入境旅游发展态势、制定合理产业发展政策、促进入境旅游市场稳定快速增长具有重要意义.通过运用HP滤波和马尔科夫区制转移模型,对改革开放以来我国入境旅游周期进行波动测度与阶段性变迁分析的结果表明,我国入境旅游在研究期内表现出总量不断攀升但增速波动起伏的发展态势,在其增速动态变化过程中存在低速增长、中速增长和高速增长三种区制状态,并在"低速增长区制"和"高速增长区制"表现出更强的稳定性和持续性;我国入境旅游人次增长率在"低速增长区制""中速增长区制"和"高速增长区制"之间存在着往复的阶段性变迁情况,且"高速增长区制"和"低速增长区制"将通过"中速增长区制"实现"软着陆"和"稳扩张".从发展趋势来看,2005年以后,我国入境旅游一直处于低速收缩状态,且未来维系低速推进的可能性较大.
The policy-based agricultural guarantee is an important task of deepening the reform of the rural financial service system and improving the financial supporting system of the rural revitalization strategy in the new era. At present, China’s policy-based agricultural guarantees have achieved remarkable results in improving the financial inclusion, supporting the development of agricultural industries, and helping rural residents increase their incomes. However, a series of problems are also revealed, such as weak substantial function of counter guarantee, imperfect check and supervision system, unreasonable risk sharing and compensation mechanism design, talent training and team building lagging behind, imperfect safeguarding measures, and so on. Therefore, for the next step, it is necessary to improve the institutional design of the policy-based agricultural guarantee from the following five areas: firstly, to speed up the improvement of the design of the relative legal system, energize the science and technology to promote the technological innovation for agricultural guarantee; secondly, to improve the internal management system, strengthen risk identification and risk prevention and control, and correct the phenomenon of doing business away from agriculture; thirdly, to improve the working mechanism of the cooperation among governments, banks and the guarantee companies;fourthly, to optimize the establishment of the guarantee system, strengthen the personnel training and team building, and improve the service quality of the agricultural guarantee institutions; fifthly, to formulate development planning scientifically, improve the supporting guarantee measurements, and optimize the organizing and coordinating mechanisms.
互联网技术经过多年的发展与普及,已经深刻地改变了人们的生活方式,给各行各业都带来了全新的发展理念和崭新的发展机遇.在这样一个互联网技术和产业融合发展成为经济发展的新趋势和新热点的背景下,互联网金融应运而生.互联网金融的发展,不仅是传统金融开始借助互联网技术为用户提供更为多样和便捷的服务,更是互联网科技企业所从事的金融交易活动,包括互联网支付、股权众筹融资、互联网基金销售、互联网信托、互联网消费金融等多种业态形式.
Due to the impacts of the aging of population, the decline of fertility and other factors, the urban pension funds in China’s many cities are facing different degrees of payment risks. In order to accurately measure the payment risks of pension funds and effectively supervise the operation of funds, this paper makes an analysis of the dependent relationship between the income accounts and expenditure accounts with the help of Copula function under the assumption that the income and the expenditure of the funds are dependent, then it establishes a regression model. On this basis, it employs the financial risk measurement method and proposes two new methods to measure the pension account payment risks with a certain degree of confidence. Finally, it makes use of the relevant economic index data of China from 1997 to 2020 to measure the payment risk of the basic old-age insurance account of urban employees from 2022 to 2040 with different degrees of confidence, and it also puts forward the corresponding countermeasures.
Based on the theories, this paper expounds the logic mechanism of the impact of agricultural production services on grain yield and quantitatively estimates the impact of agricultural production services at different links on the grain yield per unit area by using the micro-survey data and the econometric method. Then it empirically tests the influencing mechanism. The results reveal that,firstly, fertilization service and agricultural machinery service can significantly increase the grain yield per unit area, and that the fertilization service mainly with technological substitution has a greater effect on grain yield per unit area. Fertilization service and pesticide service have significant promotive effect on the grain yield per unit area of large-scale operation farmers. Secondly, the fertilization and pesticide services can significantly promote farmers to adopt pro-environment fertilization technology and pest control technology. Thirdly, agricultural machinery service, fertilization service and pesticide service have obvious substitution effect on agricultural labor input, and can significantly promote the farmers with large-scale business to transfer farmland into their operation, but no evidence is found to prove that the agricultural machinery service and the fertilization service have significant influence on the farmland transfer of small farmers. The above conclusions imply that, in the future, China should vigorously promote the development of agricultural production service organizations, strengthen the policy support for the fertilization and pesticide links with lower standardization degree and higher probability of moral hazard, reduce the cost of service operation, and give better play to its role in promoting grain yield and farmers’ adoption of the pro-environment agricultural technologies.
In the era of digital economy, the empowerment mo de can stimulate the investment and innovation in the field of data. The exercise and protection of data right not only concerns the interests of the sources of raw data, but also the interests of the holders of raw data and the interests of the data processors. Therefore, the establishment of data property right system needs to skillfully weigh the relations between data protection and utilization, data concentration and circulation, data quantity and quality, private interests and public benefits. The appropriate approach to data legislation is to confirm the property nature of data and the protection scope by law, to clarify the coexistence and dependent relationship between data property right and personal information right. Data holders have the rights to control and benefit from the data aggregation based on their investments in data collection, storage, security, etc. In such issues as data crawling and mining, while protecting the relevant rights of data controllers from infringement, it is also necessary to set restrictions on the exercise of data right, in order to ensure the value generated by the mobility of data. When constructing the systems, it is necessary to treat differently the public data and the non-public data, the open data and the non-open data, the raw data and the derivative data, to design refined and implied licensing, to reasonably use rights and prevent the rights from abusing rules to delineate the boundary of rights, to facilitate data transactions, and to ensure fair competition.
The rice revenue insurance is an important type of insurance of agricultural insurance innovation in China. Based on the questionnaire survey of 461 farmers in 3 cities and 6 counties in Jiangsu Province, this paper conducts an empirical test on the impact of risk perception on farmers’ decision to purchase rice revenue insurance, and examines the moderating effect of risk management behavior and the entity types of agricultural business. The findings show that: firstly, the level of risk perception has a significant positive impact on farmers’ willingness to purchase and pay for rice revenue insurance; secondly, the natural risk management behavior of the farmers negatively regulates the impact of risk perception on farmers’ willingness to purchase and pay for rice revenue insurance;thirdly, from the perspective of the types of business entities, the level of natural risk perception has a greater impact on the purchasing intention of rice revenue insurance of the family farms, the farmers’ professional cooperatives and other different kinds of new-type agricultural business entities.Therefore, it is suggested to optimize the terms of rice revenue insurance contracts, improve the agricultural insurance service network, strengthen the construction of agricultural risk big data sharing platforms, and improve the multi-level agricultural risk management systems.
The“ Data pool” is an important form of sharing personal information. There is no consensus on whether the personal information in the“ data pool” needs the protection of anti-monopoly law. Although it is difficult to analyze the anti-monopoly law property of the personal information in the“data pool”with the traditional price theory, in many cases, personal information itself is the price of services. Through the logical chain of“data-quality-price”, the personal information in the“data pool”can be included in the auxiliary protection scope of the anti-monopoly law.In the digital age, the personal information in the“ data pool” can constitute independent consumer welfare, where the protection of personal information is as important as price, and the subsidiary protection is as important as the independent protection. The automatic sharing of data in the“ data pool”constitutes exploitative abuse, and the formation of“data pools”by the merger of digital enterprises with a dominant market position is an anti-competitive behavior of exclusive abuse. The“data pool”aggregation of personal information and the personal information collusion should be regarded as a new type of monopoly behavior, but it still does not exceed the three kinds of monopoly behaviors stipulated in The Anti-Monopoly Law, which is a new type of operator concentration and monopoly agreement.
基于国务院国资委披露的人事任免公告,手工整理2009-2019年央企集团高管职务任免数据库,以央企集团控股上市公司(简称"控股公司")为研究对象,考察央企集团高管变更对控股公司投资效率的影响.研究发现:央企集团高管变更通过抑制过度投资行为显著提升控股公司投资效率,并且这种提升作用在高管职务变更类型为晋升和降职的央企集团中更为明显.机制检验发现,央企集团高管变更主要通过发挥威慑效应弱化代理动机和激励效应强化内部监督进而优化控股公司的投资决策.进一步研究发现,在控股公司行业竞争程度较高、高管权力较大以及央企集团持股比例较低的情况下,央企集团高管变更的威慑与激励效应更为明显.
