Based on the visual grammar framework of Kress and Van Leeuwen(2006),taking three hospice wards in Beijing as research sites,this study examines the representational,interactive,and composition meanings constructed in the stationary and ambulatory planar semiotic landscapes in palliative and hospice care.The results reveal the major characteristics of meanings conveyed and constructed at these levels,the preferences and the tensions among preferred meanings.Practical implications are provided for palliative and hospice practices.
As a pair of theoretical problems that have been debated for a prolonged period,translatability and untranslatability are the fundamental problems for translation studies.This paper discusses the history,the philosophical values of untranslatability and its differences in Chinese and western translation studies,points out that untranslatability has both practical and theoretical values and implications,and analyzes the four dimensions of differences of untranslatability in Chinese and western translation studies,i.e.origin,definition,classification and cognition.
In recent years,in order to cope with the aging problem in China,Chinese government has promoted the development of hospice care in constructing the Health Care System for the Elderly and proposed that life education should be strengthened to the public.One of the biggest challenges the practitioners face in hospice care is the communication with patients and their families about the end-of-life care.This study is set in the model base of hospice care in a public hospital in Beijing.Through ethnographic approach and conversation analysis,it observes how doctors and cancer patients communicate in the outpatient clinic of Pain Management.Based on the systematic analysis of the audio and video recordings of doctor-patient conversations,the study reveals the conversational practices and interactional strategies doctors use to have talks on life care with cancer patients and their families.It reveals that doctors adopt elaboration solicitations as the main conversational practice through three interactional strategies,i.e."you said"questions,fishing questions and restrictive questions.The study tries to provide a useful framework for hospice care practitioners on improving the quality of doctor-patient communication on end-of-life care with patients and families at the outpatient clinic,and promote the development of public life education in China and the popularization of hospice care concept.
In the field of cognitive linguistics,the emergence of AI language model has led to a revolution in machine translation.It can not only replace specialized translation software to translate texts,but also truly achieve cross-language communication of various forms of translation,such as oral communication,video conferencing,social media,and so on.AI language model can generate more correct and fluent translation by learning a large number of bilingual texts,mastering the grammar,vocabulary and expression of multiple languages.The current neural network machine translation system imitates the function of human brain and simulates a large number of neurons with the help of computer so that it can understand the language and generate high quality translation.Although it's superior to traditional machine translation,it can make some mistakes due to misunderstanding.The fundamental reason for the problem is that the pre-training of AI language model overlooks the ethical parameters of the source language.Therefore,the neural network machine translation can understand the ethical nuance of the source and target languages by setting ethical parameters for word and word pairing selection so as to effectively correct the ethical errors in the translation.
Based on a large-scale corpus of funeral discourse,this study quantitatively analyses the historical development and thematic evolution of Chinese funeral discourse,as well as reveals the diachronic semantic changes of funeral discourse in China and the underlying factors shaping this discourse from the analytical approach of culturomics.By examining the relative frequencies of terms,such as"funeral reform"and"funeral policies"from 1978 to 2022,the study reveals the diachronic attention changes in the corpus.There is a significant difference in the overall number,that is,the news media's attention to"funeral reform"is much higher than"funeral policy".Funeral working conferences and policy papers are important factors in drawing media's attention.From the diachronic changes of high-frequency and theme,it can be seen that the social cognition and concept of funeral have undergone a gradual evolution from reforming traditional funeral forms and body placement to the quality of funeral services and green ecological environmental protection.For the process of urbanization and the limited land resources,environmental protection and sustainable development are paid more attention.The study is helpful to understand the changes of funeral discourse in China,and provide a new research perspective and reference for the study of funeral reform and death discourse in China.
The Epic of Gilgamesh is the oldest known epic in the world.Based on the theory of ethical literary criticism,this paper analyzes the connotation and characteristics of this epic,and further examines its ethical context,namely the family relationship with greater rights and responsibilities for husbands and ancestors,as well as the social obedience relationship of family and country integration.Gilgamesh,the hero of the epic,is the monarch.He has supreme power in ancient society.He once broke through the ethical context and finally returned to the ethical context,which also reflects the potential of building a new ethical context.The ethical context in the epic shows that The Epic of Gilgamesh has more ethical attributes than The Homer's Epic.It is because the eastern ethnic groups pay more attention to the regulation of interpersonal relationships and ethical relationships in society.From a deeper perspective,the East has its unique Asiatic mode of production,which requires close collaboration between people.
1 引言 自 20 世纪80 年代以来,非裔美国文学一直是美国文学的研究热点之一.托尼·莫里森(Toni Morrison)1993 年荣获诺贝尔文学奖之后,非裔美国文学得到了全球学界的广泛关注.
Since the reform and opening up,China's national image has undergone fundamental changes,socialism has entered a new era and embarked on a new journey,higher requirements for the Party's external publicity cause are put forward.Under the background of the differences between Chinese and foreign politics and cultures,the foreign translation and dissemination of political literature is the top priority of external publicity work,and the unequal connotations of Chinese and foreign vocabulary concepts bring a major challenge for the translation of political terms with Chinese characteristics in the new era.This paper takes the concept of country as an example to explain the phenomenon of inequality between Chinese and foreign concepts,and analyzes the translation strategy of terms,such as"country",based on the official Arabic translation of the report to the CPC's 20th National Congress,so as to provide reference for the Arabic translation of political literature.
In recent years,translator scholars have begun to apply genetic criticism,a theory of literary creation,and related concepts to the study of translation manuscripts,and a new perspective of genetic translation studies has emerged.This paper,based on David Hawkes'English translation manuscript of The Story of the Stone and the first-hand materials,such as the translator's notebooks,correspondence,interviews,lectures,etc.,classifies and quantitatively analyzes the revising traces in the second chapter of the manuscript from the perspective of genetic translation studies,and reproduces the genetic process of Hawkes'English translation of The Story of the Stone at the levels of words,sentences,and paragraphs.This study is inspiring and valuable for the successful translation of Chinese literature to the world.
再语境化的概念最早由Bernstein提出,后来Van Leeuwen和Wodak将其引入批评话语研究领域.根据Fairclough的观点,话语包含语篇、话语实践和社会实践.语篇的生成和再生产过程以及语篇如何被传播均涉及再语境化.实践活动在语篇的生成和再生产过程中也会重塑表达.作为批评话语研究中的核心概念,再语境化被用于阐释话语在不同语境中的社会功能.论文简要回顾了再语境化概念的来源和发展历程,并介绍了再语境化在批评话语研究领域的最新进展.
宋词是中国古典文学的瑰宝.宋代词人的杰出代表辛弃疾成果丰硕,风格独特,具有重要的对外译介价值.文章综述了中外译者英译辛弃疾词的历史,讨论了不同译者翻译辛词的策略,指出辛词翻译目前存在的问题,并提出相应的对策,以期为中国古典文学走出去提供一些参考与借鉴.
国家社科基金和教育部人文社科基金是我国人文社会科学研究领域最权威的两大资助基金,受其资助的项目具有导向性、权威性和示范性作用,对这些项目进行统计分析有助于了解各学科当前的研究热点和状态,为相关的研究选题提供指导.基于翻译研究的分类视角,采用内容分析法,对近 18 年(2005-2022)的国家社科基金和教育部人文社科基金资助的典籍英译研究立项情况和主题内容进行统计和量化分析.研究发现:(1)语言学在典籍英译领域的学科优势依旧明显;(2)汉语典籍英译研究同少数民族典籍英译研究在课题数量上的差距依旧悬殊;(3)文学和哲学典籍英译研究仍是当前典籍英译研究的主流;(4)以文本外译、传播与接受为主题的研究成为典籍英译研究的热点;(5)数字人文技术在典籍英译研究领域的应用有待加强.
论文针对MTI(翻译硕士专业学位)评价体系中的问题,以能力本位教育为理念,通过对学术学位教育与专业学位教育人才培养的能力构成进行分析对比,建构了两种人才的能力构成及二者的Y型关系模式.这一模式表明两种学位人才在能力构成上既有共同部分,也有特色部分.根据人才培养逻辑,文章将此关系模式进一步延伸至对两种学位教育在课程体系和评价体系上的关系描述.在此基础上,文章对目前MTI毕业论文评价提出了修改建议,拟制了适用于翻译实践报告这一毕业论文形式的评阅表,以期为两种人才的培养提供更具体的方法指导.
企业在危机情境下发布危机公关声明(CPR声明)是与利益相关者进行互动、修复企业信任的重要措施.研究基于自建语料库,借助LancsBox语料分析软件,对比分析中美企业CPR声明中的互动式元话语,考察其信任修复话语策略.研究发现,美企互动式元话语的使用显著多于中企,增强语和自我指称语的使用频次差异最明显;中企比美企更加注重强调正面来构建能力的信任修复话语策略,美企更多使用中和负面来凸显诚信和诉诸情感来传达善意的信任修复话语策略.以上差异可归结于中美两国在语言风格和语境文化上的差异.本研究可为中企提升CPR声明表达质量提供参考,也可为信任修复话语研究提供有益启示.
数字媒体将一些表征为文字、图像、声音的数字化信息转化为可视、可听、可交流的现实媒体,是数字技术在信息传播媒体中的应用.文章讨论了作为数字媒体的新媒体中的网络语言在网络平台上的语用表现.网络语言早在 20 世纪 90 年代就开始盛行,新媒体中的网络语言其实是网络语言应用的进一步发展.新媒体中的网络语言分为两大类:正式场合使用的规范语言和随意的、通俗的、非规范性的"网言网语".文章讨论的是后一类网络语言的语用表现.我们认为,引领这种网络语言的是一些语言模因,模因是"网络语言的动力阀".文章通过实例分析一些新媒体网络平台上引领网络语言的模因现象,并对网络语言中一些值得关注的语用表现进行评议.
识解是认知语法中一个非常重要的理论概念,指的是人类所拥有的一种以不同方式来构想和描述同一情景的认知能力,包括选择、凸显、视角、动态性和想象力五个维度,每一维度又有若干次维度.识解及其维度已被广泛认可和应用,但识解的主观性和客观性问题并未受到应有的重视和探究.研究发现,识解实际上要涉及三个要素,即人、现实和语言.在这三个要素中,人是进行识解的主体,现实是人识解的客体,语言是人用以表达其识解结果的工具.人这一主体对现实情境所作出的任何识解都不可避免地带有人的主观性印记.任何识解都是对某一特定情景的识解,都要基于现实中的特定情境.因此,人对情景的识解也会受到情景本身的影响,故人对情景的识解也不无明显的客观性印记.总之,识解既包含主观性,也包含客观性.
翻译人才作为政治文献翻译质量和传播效能的重要因素,其作用至关重要.论文立足中国特色社会主义新时代,梳理翻译人才队伍建设的发展现状和问题,尝试探索政府支持、高校培养、基地培训、人才库培优、常态化演练、动态管理为一体的政治文献复合型翻译人才队伍建设体系,进一步提升政治文献翻译水平和对外传播能力,促进国际社会对中国的认知和了解.
法律语言学研究至今已有 70 多年的历史,在此期间法律语言学知识体系与学科体系得以产生并发展.本研究从法律语言学的定义出发,通过对国内外法律语言学史的梳理,发现法律语言学在研究范畴、研究内容、研究路径、研究方法及学科定位等方面都有所发展.总体而言,随着语言学与法学交叉融合程度的不断加深,法律语言学这一学科呈现出由边缘学科、跨学科至交叉学科的发展趋势.本研究以法庭语言与话语为例,探讨法律语言学的主要研究范式,旨在对法律语言学未来的发展趋势作出预测,并为当下法律语言学的理论发展与应用实践提供参考.
周领顺等《汉语乡土语言英译行为批评研究》立足中国译学语境,以乡土语言为研究对象,以译者行为批评为理论工具,深入而全面地剖析了中国文学中乡土语言在文化外译中的译介之难与解决策略.以葛浩文为例,从主客观双重角度论述译者翻译思想与行为的相互印证关系,重点阐释了文本特征对译者翻译思想的干预与塑造.其数据库的建立、新概念的提炼、新模式的总结等学术努力与尝试对在中国文化外译中塑造可敬、可爱、自信的中国形象,增强新时期我国译学的主体性,促进翻译学发展都具有重要的学术意义和现实价值.
1946年诞生了世界上第一台电子计算机.电子计算机具有较强的仿人脑功能,这激发起计算机、脑科学、心理学、逻辑学、语言学、数学等学科的学者探索人的思维和心智的热情,推动了认知科学在 20 世纪七八十年代的诞生.随着认知革命的兴起,认知语言学也应运而生.认知语言学以当时对认知科学的定义作为研究的基本信条:认知科学是研究智能实体与环境相互作用原理的科学.这就是认知语言学的认知主义,而在研究中我们主要运用体现了认知主义的情境关联论和语言表达替代论.认知语言学至今已发展了半个世纪,有了长足的进展,现已发展成后认知主义.认知语言学在后认知主义时期的研究策略是"认知+".
