As the original form,the family has economic,reproductive,educational,emotional and spiritual functions;Only in this way,for every living individual,the family is his most original life,emotional,will and spiritual community,and in the family,the most ethical community,the individual obtains everything he needs before socialization.In the moral virtue and intellectual virtue which he acquires,an essential force which is re-garded as a complete moral personality is generated and cultivated.In a relatively closed state of life,the family function is maintained in a form of self-sufficiency.In the modern society and modernity driven by modernization,with the differentiation of social fields,and with the professionalization and specialization of labor,women have more opportunities to obtain social labor,which gradually socializes family functions.Family functional socializa-tion has the dual nature of value.Compared with the acquaintance society,people enter the stranger society caused by mutual need and general exchange earlier,then they may develop social emotions and form public ra-tionality earlier,but they may also be influenced by individualism,egoism and pragmatism earlier and become in-different.It may also be empowered and capitalized with the acceleration of moral socialization.Therefore,the question and worry of whether the socialization of family function is progress or crisis are aroused.How to make in-depth analysis and rational improvement from the perspective of value philosophy is undoubtedly an important theoretical and practical demand.
明末清初社会转型之际,思想界门户林立,聚讼纷纷,孙奇逢摒除门户之见,主张兼容并包,取诸家所长作为圣学之"拼图",提出"明体达用"的理学主张,建构其独特的道统观,使一代学人身上添了包容的气质."明体"反映在《理学宗传》的道统建构上,表现为:"严儒释之辨",建构道统谱系;"不一处见一",消解诸家聚讼;"折衷于圣道",以圣人为归."达用"体现在"主于实用"的理学实践中.孙奇逢主张躬行实践、内圣自得,强调为学要有"把柄",即在人伦日用间体认天理,理学由此不再高高在上,在经世致用之外,开始回归日常.他通过著书讲学,开创有鲜明地域特色的中州学派,其理学思想和理学实践对于推动清初学风转变和社会转型影响深远.
文章以加拿大联邦制的形成和发展过程为线索,首先阐述了加拿大的早期经济和自治领时期类国有企业(即皇家企业)的基本情况,进而论述加拿大为什么选择联邦制作为立国之本,阐释加拿大后来联邦制下的国有企业与自治领时期类国有企业的历史、经济和政治渊源,以及分析加拿大联邦制对国有经济发展和布局的深刻影响.通过阐述1990年代以来的当代加拿大经济基本情况,分析加拿大国有企业的定义、定位和基本监管,当代加拿大国有企业的私有化思潮和行动,当代加拿大国有经济的总体布局,文章认为,加拿大联邦制、社会福利制度、中等强国定位和新自由主义思潮是决定当代加拿大国有经济布局的主要因素和考量,并对此进行了相应的整体和个案分析.
《莎菲女士的日记》作为现代中国文学的经典作品,为重新认识丁玲的"不简单"与"复杂性"提供了重要的文本依据.日记中的莎菲与记录莎菲日记的丁玲同构,传达出丁玲有关启蒙、革命与女性的复杂态度.莎菲身体上的离家行为呈现出女性心理与启蒙话语的相互碰撞;莎菲情感上的"自由恋爱"则指向"个性解放"等同于绝对"自我"的逻辑悖论.苇弟与凌吉士作为莎菲与丁玲人格的两面,更体现为时代的双重镜像.这些矛盾又复杂的时代特质展现出新文学主体自我的生存困境,反映着五四青年在启蒙话语中的困惑与失落,揭示出新文学西化现代性的最大症结,也为其后知识群体思想的革命转向提供了注脚.
The five caves by Tan Yao in the early Yungang Grottoes include the basic statues such as the gi-ant Buddha and the shrines.Based on the three subdivided periods in the early stage,this paper analyzes the process of building basic statues and Buddhist shrines,the movement of craftsmen among the projects in the five caves,and the continuous period of the first statue in the five caves,and discusses the changes in the configura-tion of Buddhist niches and the characteristics of beliefs of different classes and groups in different periods.
