Battery management systems (BMSs) play a vital role in ensuring efficient and reliable operations of lithium-ion batteries. The main function of the BMSs is to estimate battery states and diagnose battery health using battery open-circuit voltage (OCV). However, acquiring the complete OCV data online can be a challenging endeavor due to the time-consuming measurement process or the need for specific operating conditions required by OCV estimation models. In addressing these concerns, this study introduces a deep neural network-combined framework for accurate and robust OCV estimation, utilizing partial daily charging data. We incorporate a generative deep learning model to extract aging-related features from data and generate high-fidelity OCV curves. Correlation analysis is employed to identify the optimal partial charging data, optimizing the OCV estimation precision while preserving exceptional flexibility. The validation results, using data from nickel-cobalt-magnesium (NCM) batteries, illustrate the accurate estimation of the complete OCV-capacity curve, with an average root mean square errors (RMSE) of less than 3 mAh. Achieving this level of precision for OCV estimation requires only around 50 s collection of partial charging data. Further validations on diverse battery types operating under various conditions confirm the effectiveness of our proposed method. Additional cases of precise health diagnosis based on OCV highlight the significance of conducting online OCV estimation. Our method provides a flexible approach to achieve complete OCV estimation and holds promise for generalization to other tasks in BMSs.
王弼在其哲学思想中,将"名"与"称"二者作为实现"得意"的工具,认为这二者在"得意"方面起到承接作用."名"与"称"二者可统一为"言",但却为"言"的不同形式.王弼对二者的哲学意涵做出了明确的界定与区分,并在此基础上进一步提出"得意忘象,得象忘言"的哲学观点.将"象"作为承接"言"与"意"的桥梁,使"名"与"称"这两种"言"在作为得"意"的工具时,能够明确发挥出内涵指代其特征的作用,达到"得意"的目的.其次,王弼在《老子》《论语》《周易》中对"道"和其他关键哲学概念的解释也是在辨析"名"与"称"的基础上进行的.因此,通过对"名"与"称"二者的解析,不仅为解读文学经典的内在价值提供了一个新思路,也有助于了解王弼玄学思想的全貌.
邹元标乃晚明士林领袖,江右王门中的翘楚,因抗疏权相"夺情"而被世人视为刚决的气节之士,然其性格与后世传记文献中的记载多有离合之处.邹元标的性格以刚介忠直为底色,在此基础上,强烈的政治进取心与学术责任感促成了其"狂者"式的豪杰人格.后世传记文献多强调邹元标谪戍期间心态的乐观与淡然,而面对苦难危机时其性格中柔弱敏感的特征则往往被有意遮蔽.至于"晚节务为和易"之评,实际上更偏向于指代邹元标晚年立朝为政主张上的转变.整体上看,邹元标性格早年间以刚直忠介为"显",以慈善和易为"隐",晚年立朝则呈露此消彼长之势,除了学养日粹之外,母亲的教诲与人生经历本身的磨砺同样是主要原因.
用认知语言学的理论方法可以进一步探讨湘西苗语"上、下"的表征及其隐喻.湘西苗语的"上、下"可以表征静态空间和动态空间.表征静态空间时为方位名词,表征动态空间时为趋向动词.静态空间以山川为认知原型,表征不同的空间语言并从空间域隐喻映射到时间域和社会域;动态空间以位移方向为参照,表征位移事件的目的空间并从空间域隐喻影射到时间域、社会域和经济域.
以父母教育期望、学生自我期望与学业成绩关系为研究对象,借助NVivo 12plus软件对核心期刊文献进行扎根理论分析.从理念、表现、条件这三个层面构建了父母教育期望、学生自我期望共促学业发展的"金字塔"模型,具体阐释了父母教育期望、学生自我期望与学生学业成绩之间的作用机制,以期更好地助力学生学业高质量发展.在理念层面上,提出基于父母教育期望、学生自我期望与学业成绩反馈调节机制的共促学业发展核心思想;在表现层面上,提出基于父母教育参与和学生学习表现的共促学业发展实践路径;在条件层面上,提出基于"学生自身条件+家庭基本条件+外界环境条件"协同作用的共促学业发展保障体系.三个层面构成一个完整的反馈循环机制,良性的反馈循环是促进学生持续知识获得的关键.
