This study investigated the impact of Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis, and the mixed probiotics on the growth, slaughter performance and antioxidant capacities of the blood, ileal mucosa and liver of Yangzhou geese. Two hundred and eighty-eight 1-day-old male Yangzhou geese were randomly assigned to four groups, including group A (fed with the basal diet), and groups CB, BS and CBS (fed with the basal diet plus 7.5 x 105 CFU/kg Clostridium butyricum, 5.0 x 106 CFU/kg Bacillus subtilis or the mixture of both bacteria, respectively). After 70 d of feeding, supplementing Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis or their mixture significantly increased body weight gain and feed intake per day, the pectoral muscle index, the antioxidant capacities of liver and ileal mucosa, and immune gene expression of ileum, and decreased apoptotic gene expression of ileum. Moreover, supplementing Clostridium butyricum significantly increased shear force of pectoral muscle and ileal glutathione S-transferase, supplementing Bacillus subtilis significantly increased ileal glutathione and total antioxidant capacity, and blood total antioxidant capacity, supplementing the bacterial mixture significantly decreased gizzard index and ileal TLR4 and MyD88 expression compared with single bacterium. In summary, supplementing probiotics was generally beneficial to the growth and slaughter performance, the ileal immune potential, the antioxidant capacity and ileal apoptosis of geese. Therefore, Clostridium butyricum, Bacillus subtilis or their mixture can be applied as feed additives to promote goose production performance and health.

Dietary fiber contributes to improving intestinal morphology, barrier integrity, and microbial balance, thereby enhancing nutrient utilization and growth performance in animals. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing lignocellulose on intestinal function and growth performance in meat ducks. A total of 180 one-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to the control group (CON), lignocellulose group 1 (LC1), and lignocellulose group 2 (LC2) (6 replicates each group, 10 ducks each replicate). Ducks in the CON group were fed a basal diet; the LC1 group received the basal diet supplemented with 0.6% lignocellulose from days 1 to 42, while the LC2 group received the basal diet supplemented with 0.3% lignocellulose from days 1 to 21 and 0.6% from days 22 to 42. Lignocellulose supplementation increased average daily gain in the LC1 group (P< 0.05), and improved feed conversion ratio in the LC2 group before day 28 (P< 0.05). Additionally, lignocellulose increased intestinal length (P< 0.05) and weight (P< 0.05), and improved the intestinal structure (P< 0.05) and antioxidant capacity (P< 0.05). However, the expression of genes associated with tight junctions, immunity, and inflammation was not significantly affected. Overall, dietary lignocellulose promotes growth in meat ducks by improving intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity without affecting the expression of genes involved in intestinal tight junction and immunity or inflammation. The magnitude of benefits depends on the supplementation level, duration, and the age of birds.

Our study presents the assembly of a high-quality Taihu goose genome at the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) level. By employing advanced sequencing technologies, including Pacific Biosciences HiFi reads, Oxford Nanopore long reads, Illumina short reads, and chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C), we achieved an exceptional assembly. The T2T assembly encompasses a total length of 1,197,991,206 bp, with contigs N50 reaching 33,928,929 bp and scaffold N50 attaining 81,007,908 bp. It consists of 73 scaffolds, including 38 autosomes and one pair of Z/W sex chromosomes. Importantly, 33 autosomes were assembled without any gap, resulting in a contiguous representation. Furthermore, gene annotation efforts identified 34,898 genes, including 436,162 RNA transcripts, encompassing 806,158 exons, 743,910 introns, 651,148 coding sequences (CDS), and 135,622 untranslated regions (UTR). The T2T-level chromosome-scale goose genome assembly provides a vital foundation for future genetic improvement and understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying important traits in geese.

试验旨在研究中药五倍子和五味子对蛋鸡生长性能、血液指标和免疫功能的影响.试验选择 1 日龄农大 3 号蛋鸡 450 只,随机分为 10 组,每组 3 个重复,每个重复 15 只,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+0.5%五倍子(Ⅰ组)、基础日粮+1%五倍子(Ⅱ组)、基础日粮+1.5%五倍子(Ⅲ组)、基础日粮+0.5%五味子(Ⅳ组)、基础日粮+1%五味子(Ⅴ组)、基础日粮+1.5%五味子(Ⅵ组)、基础日粮+0.5%五倍子+0.5%五味子(Ⅶ组)、基础日粮+0.5%五倍子+1%五味子(Ⅷ组)、基础日粮+1%五倍子+0.5%五味子(Ⅸ组),试验期为 42 d.结果显示:Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅵ组平均日增重最高;Ⅴ组平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组脾脏指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组血清中 SOD酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05).研究表明,在日粮中添加不同剂量的五味子和五倍子能够提高蛋鸡的生产性能,增强其机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,其中日粮中添加 0.5%的五味子效果较明显.

为了解地方鸭品种脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)基因点突变信息、群体遗传结构和遗传参数差异,设计了1 对引物扩增A-FABP基因外显子3 和内含子2 部分序列,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测 9 个地方鸭品种单核苷酸突变,并分析基因型、等位基因频率和群体遗传参数的差异.结果显示:在 9 个鸭品种之间发生了6 个点突变,4 个点突变在内含子2 中,2 个点突变在外显子3 中,为同义突变.9 个鸭品种均以D等位基因频率最高,E为靖西大麻鸭的第二等位基因,而其他8 个鸭品种的第二等位基因为C.χ2检验显示靖西大麻鸭的基因型分布与巢湖鸭、临武鸭存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),与其他品种存在极显著差异(P＜0.01).巢湖鸭的多态信息含量高于 0.5,其他 8 个鸭品种的多态信息含量在0.25～0.5 之间.攸县麻鸭偏离了哈代温伯格平衡状态.A-FABP基因在不同鸭品种中具有较丰富的多态性,为鸭品种资源保护和新品种培育提供参考.

“1+X” certificate system is an innovative measure of our higher vocational education in recent years,which is the improvement and reform of vocational education.Its core is the integration of documents and certificates.This paper expounds the connotation and principles of the integration of documents and evidence,analyzes the difficulties faced by the implementation of the integration of documents and evidence,and explores the implementation path of the integration of documents and evidence from the aspects of adjusting the personnel training program,reconstructing the curriculum system,developing the new form of teaching material resources,establishing the multiple evaluation mechanism,building the double-qualified team,etc,to help the connection and integration of documents and evidence.So as to cultivate modern high-quality composite animal husbandry and veterinary professional technical skills.

为了探讨灰关联分析和主成分分析在水禽资源评价方面的应用效果,试验对6个中国白鹅品种的体重、体尺、屠宰性能、繁殖性能等共18个性状指标分别进行了灰关联分析和主成分分析,同时采用欧式距离法对6个品种进行聚类分析.结果表明:在灰关联分析中,按照平均关联度从高到低依次为浙东白鹅(0.723)、皖西白鹅(0.708)、武冈铜鹅(0.667)、四川白鹅(0.530)、太湖鹅(0.506)、豁眼鹅(0.480);在主成分分析中,利用隶属函数计算的主成分综合值从高到低依次为武冈铜鹅(0.743)、浙东白鹅(0.690)、皖西白鹅(0.623)、太湖鹅(0.325)、四川白鹅(0.311)、豁眼鹅(0.248);6个白鹅品种分为两类,四川白鹅、太湖鹅、豁眼鹅聚为一类,浙东白鹅、武冈铜鹅、皖西白鹅聚为一类,分类符合品种的种质特性.说明灰关联分析和主成分分析是综合运用多项指标评价水禽品种资源的一种有效方法.

为了比较扬州鹅与不同品种鹅杂交组合的繁殖性能及F1代间成活率、体尺和体重指标间的差异.本试验以扬州鹅、莱扬鹅(莱茵鹅♂×扬州鹅♀)、溆扬鹅(溆浦鹅♂×扬州鹅♀)、皖扬鹅(皖西白鹅♂×扬州鹅♀)和浙扬鹅(浙东白鹅♂×扬州鹅♀)为研究对象,分别测定5个组合种蛋受精率和出雏率,以及雏鹅到10周龄时成活率、体尺和体重指标.结果表明:扬州鹅组的繁殖性能最优,受精率达到84.04％,显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05),浙扬鹅组的繁殖性能最差,受精率为48.03％,显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05);各组间成活率差异不显著(P＞0.05);10周龄时体斜长、胸宽、胸深、胸骨长、胫长、胫围,皖扬鹅组总体最好;半潜水长,只有浙扬鹅组公鹅、母鹅和公母鹅群体显著高于其它组(P＜0.05);10周龄时皖扬鹅组公鹅和公母鹅群体平均体重最高,分别达到4 039.33 g和3 772.33 g.

[目的]探明扬州鹅及其杂交后代生长及屠宰性能和肉品质的差异,为扬州鹅及其杂交配套系的培育、开发和利用提供理论依据.[方法]以扬州鹅、莱扬鹅、溆扬鹅、皖扬鹅和浙扬鹅为研究对象,分别测定5组试验鹅群的生长性能(0～10周龄)、10周龄屠宰性能及肉品质.[结果]公母鹅群体中,扬州鹅组初生重显著高于莱扬鹅和溆扬鹅组,与皖扬鹅和浙扬鹅组间差异不显著;2周龄时,扬州鹅组的体重显著低于其他组;4周龄、6周龄、8周龄和10周龄时,均以皖扬鹅组体重最高;10周龄时,皖扬鹅组平均体重较纯种扬州鹅组高约300 g.所有杂交组合的屠宰率和全净膛率均高于标准值(屠宰率80％,全净膛率60％),且公鹅的肉用性状总体优于母鹅.除浙扬鹅组外,其他杂交组合的胸肌和腿肌的失水率均比扬州鹅组低,以莱扬鹅组最低.[结论]扬州母鹅与不同品系父本鹅的杂交后代比纯种后代的生长性能更具优势,肌肉水分含量高,质地较好,加工时出品率高;商品生产的最优杂交组合为皖扬鹅,肉产品加工的最优杂交组合为莱扬鹅.

在5～10周龄期间,豁眼鹅分别饲喂高(15.5％)、中(14.5％)、低(13.5％)3种蛋白水平的日粮,探讨不同蛋白水平日粮对鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉组织生长激素(GH)基因mRNA表达的影响.结果表明:除第8、10周龄高蛋白组母鹅的体重显著高于低蛋白组母鹅的体重(P＜0.05)外,不同蛋白水平之间在同日龄、性别时无显著性差异.在第10周龄时,母鹅高蛋白组活重、屠宰重、半净膛重、全净膛重显著性高于低蛋白组母鹅活重(P＜0.05),高、中蛋白胸肌重显著性高于低蛋白组(P＜0.05),中蛋白组胸肌率显著性高于低蛋白组(P＜0.05).其他指标在同性别不同蛋白水平之间无显著差异.第8、10周龄的胸肌、腿肌中GH基因mRNA表达量分别在不同组之间无显著差异.第8、10周龄的胸肌GH基因mRNA表达量要显著性高于腿肌(P＜0.05).随着鹅周龄增加,GH基因在肌肉中表达量下降.由此可知,在5～10周龄期间,公鹅宜用蛋白水平为13.50％的日粮,母鹅宜用蛋白水平为14.50％的日粮,日粮蛋白水平不会显著性影响GH基因在肌肉组织中的表达.

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌对1～70日龄扬州鹅生长性能、消化酶活性、抗氧化功能和肠道形态的影响.选择1日龄健康、体重相近的扬州鹅公鹅288只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鹅.A组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,B组在基础饲粮中添加250 mg/kg丁酸梭菌(有效活菌数为3.0×106 CFU/g),C组在基础饲粮中添加250 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌(有效活菌数为2.0×107 CFU/g),D组在基础饲粮中添加250 mg/kg丁酸梭菌+250 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌.试验期10周.结果表明:1)B、C和D组总增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),C、D组总采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05).2)B、C和D组空肠脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05).3)C、D组血清和回肠总抗氧化能力显著高于对照组(P<0.05).D组空肠谷胱甘肽含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),C、D组空肠总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05).D组回肠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05).4)C组空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)显著高于对照组(P<0.05).B、C和D组回肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),C、D组回肠V/C显著高于对照组(P<0.05).由此可见,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌和枯草芽孢杆菌及二者混合制剂可提高肉鹅总增重、空肠脂肪酶活性及抗氧化功能,添加枯草芽孢杆菌可更好地改善肠道形态.

Probiotics are a substitute for antibiotics in the sense of intestinal health maintenance. Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis, as probiotic bacteria, have been widely used in animal production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the two probiotic bacteria in geese. A total of 288 1-day old, healthy Yangzhou geese were randomly assigned into 4 groups (A, B, C and D) with 6 replicates of 12 birds each. Group A, as control, was fed a basal diet, and the treatment groups (B, C and D) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum (the viable count was 3.0 × 106 CFU/g), 250 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis (the viable count was 2.0 × 107 CFU/g), or a combination of the two probiotic bacteria for 70 days, respectively. The results indicated that: compared with the control group, dietary probiotics (1) promoted the growth and feed intake of the geese, (2) increased the absolute weight of duodenum, (3) increased the antioxidative capacity (total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)) of intestinal mucosa, (4) improved intestinal morphology (the ratio of villus height to crypt depth), (5) but did not induce inflammation and changes of tight junction in the intestine, which was indicated by no induction of pro/inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNFAIP3) and tight junction related genes (TJP1 and OCLN). Moreover, dietary probiotics increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes phylum and Lactobacillus genus and decreased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria phylum or Ralstonia genus in the intestinal content. In addition, the alpha diversity (observed species, Chao1, and estimate the number of OTUs in the community(ACE)) was reduced and the predicted functions of intestinal microflora, including peptidases, carbon fixation and metabolic function of starch and sugar, were enhanced by dietary probiotics. In conclusion, dietary probiotics promote the growth of geese by their positive effects on intestinal structure and function, the composition and functions of gut microflora, and intestinal antioxidative capacity.

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加木质纤维素对肉鸭生长性能、血清生化指标、肉品质及抗氧化性能的影响.选取1日龄健康且体重相近的樱桃谷鸭180只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸭.I组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;II组在基础饲粮中添加0.6%木质纤维素;III组在基础饲粮中前期(1～21日龄)添加0.3%木质纤维素,后期(22～42日龄)添加0.6%木质纤维素.肉鸭自由采食饮水,试验期为42 d.结果显示:II组1～42日龄肉鸭的体增重高于I组(P＜0.05),III组体增重与I、II两组无显著差异;II组血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和胆碱酯酶(CHE)活性低于I组(P＜0.05);II、III组鸭胸肌肉的蒸煮损失均低于I组(P＜0.05);在血清中,III组丙二醛(MDA)含量低于I组(P＜0.05),总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力高于I组(P＜0.05),三组间总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力无显著差异;在胸肌中,II组GSH-Px活力高于I组(P＜0.05),三组间T-AOC、MDA含量和T-SOD活力无显著差异.结果表明,在饲粮中添加适量的木质纤维素可以提高肉鸭的生长性能,降低血清中ALP和CHE活性,减少胸肌肉的蒸煮损失,并增强机体抗氧化性能,以添加量为0.6%效果最佳.

Glucose oversupply promotes formation of fatty liver, and fatty liver is usually accompanied with hyperglycemia. However, the mechanism by which glucose promotes formation of fatty liver is not very clear. In this study, fatty liver was successfully induced in Landes goose by 19 days of overfeeding with corn-based feed, the overfed geese had a significantly higher level of blood glucose than the normally fed geese (control group). In goose primary liver cells, high level of glucose promoted fat deposition and induced the expression of SREBF2(or SREBP2), a key regulator of lipid metabolism, and its intronic gene, miR-33. Moreover, overexpression of miRNA-33(miR-33) promotes lipid accumulation in goose primary liver cells. Consistently, miR-33 inhibitor suppressed glucose induced lipid accumulation in liver cells. Interestingly, the relative abundance of miR-33 in goose fatty liver was significantly higher than that in normal liver, while the relative mRNA and protein abundances of CROT, the target gene of miR-33, in goose fatty liver were significantly lower than those in goose normal liver. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-33 mediates glucose promotion of lipid accumulation in goose primary liver cells, and that glucose participates in formation of goose fatty liver by regulating the expression of miR-33/CROT.

Background Previous studies indicate that microRNA33 ( miR-33 ) and its target gene, CROT , are implicated in hepatic lipid metabolism, but it is unclear whether miR-33 participates in the development of goose fatty liver via CROT . Methods The expression of miR-33 in goose fatty liver, muscle and fat tissues, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of CROT in goose fatty liver was determined by q-PCR or Western-blot. The targeting regulatory relationship between miR-33 and CROT in goose liver cells was validated by miR-33 overexpression and interference assays. The effects of miR-33 mimic and CROT overexpression on lipid deposition and the expression of downstream genes were determined in goose primary hepatocytes. The treatment of high concentrations of glucose and insulin was performed to determine their regulation on the expression of miR-33 and CROT in goose primary hepatocytes. Results Here, data showed that miR-33 expression was significantly increased in the liver, muscle and fat tissues of overfed geese. Consistently, miR-33 mimic promoted lipid deposition in goose primary hepatocytes. Moreover, the regulatory targeting relationship between miR-33 and CROT was validated in goose primary hepatocytes. Consistently, the mRNA and protein expression of CROT were significantly reduced in goose fatty liver. Interestingly, CROT overexpression could induce the expression of fatty acid oxidation associated genes including CRAT , PEX5 , EHHADH , CAT and ACOT8 in goose primary hepatocytes, but only the expression of PEX5 was significantly inhibited in goose fatty liver. However, it seemed conflicting that CROT overexpression increased lipid deposition and reduced lipid peroxidation in goose primary hepatocytes. Additionally, high glucose inhibited miR-33 expression and induced CROT expression in goose primary hepatocytes. Conclusions These findings suggest that miR-33 potentially participates in the development of goose fatty liver via CROT , and that miR-33 / CROT may partially mediate the effect of glucose in goose liver cells.

It is known that nutrition and immunity are connected, but the mechanism is not very clear. Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) account for 8 to 10% of the human and mouse genomes and play an important role in some biological processes of animals. Recent studies indicate that the activation of ERV can affect the expression of the immunity- or inflammation-related genes, and the activities of ERV are subjected to regulation of many factors including nutritional factors. Therefore, we hypothesize that nutritional status can affect the expression of the immunity- or inflammation-related genes via ERV. To verify this hypothesis, the nutritional status of animals was altered by fasting or overfeeding, and the expression of intact ERV (ERVK18P, ERVK25P) and immunity- or inflammation-related genes (DDX41, IFIH1, IFNG, IRF7, STAT3) in the liver was determined by quantitative PCR, followed by overexpressing ERVK25P in goose primary hepatocytes and determining the expression of the immunity- or inflammation-related genes. The data showed that compared with the control group (no fasting), the expression of ERV and the immunity- or inflammation-related genes was increased in the liver of the fasted chickens but decreased in the liver of the fasted geese. Moreover, compared with the control group (routinely fed), the expression of ERV and the immunity- or inflammation-related genes was increased in the liver of the overfed geese. In addition, overexpression of ERVK25P in goose primary hepatocytes can induce the expression of the immunity- or inflammation-related genes. In conclusion, these findings suggest that ERV mediate the effects of fasting and overfeeding on the expression of the immunity- or inflammation-related genes, the mediation varied with poultry species, and ERV and the immunity- or inflammation-related genes may be involved in the development of goose fatty liver. This study provides a potential mechanism for the connection between nutrition and immunity.

Insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I) gene plays an important role in muscle growth of livestock and poul-try. In this study,the IGF-I gene of Muscovy duck was cloned and sequenced and its bioinformatics was analyzed. Moreo-ver,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) was carried out to investigate mRNA expression patterns of IGF-I gene during muscle growth. A 563-bp cDNA sequence of IGF-I gene of Muscovy duck,composed of a 462-bp cod-ing region and encoding 153 amino acids,was obtained.Its nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed higher than 98.1%homologies with those of other poultry IGF-I genes,and 76.8%-83.7% homologies with those of human and mammals. The qRT-PCR analysis results showed that the IGF-I mRNA expression level in muscle peaked at two weeks of age, then de-creased,reached a low point at four weeks of age,then rebounded, and finally decreased rapidly again except the hen leg muscle. The decrease times of expression level varied with gender and tissue.

以28日龄太湖鹅为试验素材,采用地面平养、高床养殖和发酵床养殖3种模式进行饲养,探讨不同养殖模式对体重、体尺和肠道指标等的影响.结果表明:发酵床养殖的鹅体重高于其他两种养殖模式,在70日龄时不同模式之间差异不显著,在100日龄时发酵床养殖的公鹅体重显著性高于其他两种模式.除发酵床养殖的鹅胫围、胫长显著性低于地面平养外,其他指标在不同饲养模式之间均无显著性差异.除少数指标外,发酵床养殖鹅肠道指标高于其他模式,大部分指标显著性高于地面平养.

为了解番鸭在生长发育过程中不同日粮营养水平对番鸭生长激素(GH)、生长激素受体(GHR)基因在肌肉组织中的表达情况,试验在0～21、22～42和43 ～91日龄分别设计9个营养水平的日粮,分别饲喂番鸭,在21、42和91日龄分别对番鸭进行屠宰获得其胸肌和腿肌的组织样,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测不同样品之间GH、GHR基因mRNA表达的差异.结果表明,在21、42日龄时,GH、GHR基因在同组织中不同日粮营养水平之间均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).在91日龄时,各组胸肌中GH基因表达无显著性差异(P＞0.05),各组腿肌中GH基因表达差异显著(P＜0.05),各组胸肌、腿肌中GHR基因表达均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).在番鸭早期生长发育过程中,GH、GHR基因表达未因日粮营养水平的不同而出现差异,但是在91日龄时会受到日粮营养水平的影响.

本试验以高邮鸭为研究对象,选择双黄蛋高、低产组高邮鸭各6只,颈动脉放血致死后立即采集下丘脑、垂体、肝脏、输卵管及卵巢组织,将采集的卵巢组织通过组织切片、HE染色观察卵巢形态结构,并对双黄蛋高、低产组高邮鸭卵巢中等级卵泡进行统计对比;进行特异性标记蛋白卵泡刺激素受体(FSHR)免疫组化染色,观察两组高邮鸭卵巢阳性细胞表达情况及卵巢颗粒细胞分布;同时提取下丘脑、垂体、肝脏、输卵管及卵巢组织RNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测FSHR基因的表达.结果显示,双黄蛋高产和低产组高邮鸭卵巢在组织结构及卵泡发育上存在明显差异,高产组卵巢上的卵泡繁密且发育良好,密布着众多小黄卵泡、大白卵泡及小白卵泡,各级卵泡大小差异明显;而低产组卵巢上的卵泡稀疏且发育较为迟缓,小黄卵泡、大白卵泡及小白卵泡数量较少.实时荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,高产组高邮鸭下丘脑、垂体、肝脏及输卵管中的FSHR基因表达量极显著高于低产组(P＜0.01),而卵巢中FS HR基因表达量在两组中差异不显著(P＞0.05).本试验结果表明,双黄蛋高、低产组高邮鸭的卵巢结构及卵泡发育存在显著差异,卵巢上的微环境可能是影响高邮鸭双黄蛋产蛋性能的影响因素.