To explore high-quality phage resources for controlling Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) contamination, a virulent phage vB-Efa1 was isolated and purified from poultry slaughterhouse sewage in this study. Its biological characteristics, whole-genome features, and potential in ensuring poultry product processing safety were systematically investigated. The phage belongs to the Siphoviridae family, with an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1 and a titer of 8.87 lg PFU/mL; it has a 30 min latent period and stable lytic activity, retaining good stability at 25–37 °C, pH 6–8, and 4 °C. Its circular whole genome is 166,586 bp in length with a GC content of 35.46%, encoding 276 genes; no antibiotic resistance genes were detected, and only one low-pathogenic-risk virulence-related sequence was identified. Application tests in poultry products revealed that temperature is the key factor regulating phage titer: the titer stably maintained 5.5–6.6 lg PFU/mL at 4 °C, while proliferating significantly at 25 °C, reaching 7.55–8.38 lg PFU/mL at 12 h. Collectively, vB-Efa1 exhibits superior biological traits, environmental adaptability, and biosafety, making it a promising biocontrol candidate for mitigating E. faecalis contamination in poultry products.

As a high-value meat duck breed, Muscovy ducks exhibit marked individual differences in egg production that limit the economic efficiency of commercial farming. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we integrated phenotypic observation, ovarian transcriptome sequencing, and cecal 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to compare high- and low-laying black-feathered Muscovy duck populations. We recorded 40-day egg production, assessed ovarian morphology, quantified gene expression profiles, and characterized microbial community structure. High-laying ducks produced significantly more eggs (24.60 ± 9.22) than low-laying ducks (15.80 ± 6.64, p < 0.01), with larger ovaries and a greater number of follicles at all developmental stages. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 823 DEGs, with KEGG enrichment implicating pathways governing ovarian physiology, including MAPK, Calcium, Notch, and Wnt signaling. Microbial profiling demonstrated significant differences in α/β diversity between groups, with high-laying ducks exhibiting an elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and decreased abundance of Ligilactobacillus. Integrative correlation analysis identified significant associations between Ligilactobacillus abundance and the expression of Arhgap27 and HOXA10, two genes linked to reproductive function, and highlighted the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway as a convergently enriched signaling cascade shared between gut microbiome and ovarian transcriptome. This multi-omics study uncovers the molecular and microbial basis of egg production variation in Muscovy ducks, offering potential targets for improving breeding efficiency through microbiota-directed or gene-based interventions. These findings deepen our understanding of host–microbe interactions in poultry reproduction and identify candidate genes and microbial taxa that may serve as potential targets for future nutritional or genetic interventions to enhance laying performance in commercial duck production.

Introduction:Semen quality is a critical determinant of reproductive efficiency in poultry, yet its molecular regulation remains poorly understood. Methods:To identify key genes associated with semen quality in ganders, individuals were stratified into high (H) and low (L) semen quality groups based on a composite sperm quality factor (SQF). Cross-group comparisons of semen parameters, testicular histomorphology, and external genitalia morphology were conducted, followed by high-throughput transcriptomic analysis of testicular tissue. Results:The H group exhibited significantly superior semen quality, testicular development, and external genitalia morphology compared to the L group (P < 0.01). Transcriptomic profiling identified 3,334 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 1,552 upregulated and 1,782 downregulated in the H group. GO enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were primarily involved in biological processes related to cell adhesion, cell differentiation, steroid biosynthetic process, and calcium ion binding. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis further identified ECM-receptor interaction, calcium signaling, and Wnt signaling pathways as potential key regulatory pathways underlying semen quality differences between groups. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis further identified 11 hub genes (COL1A1, HGF, COL1A2, ITGA5, NGFR, TWIST1, COL6A2, DKK1, BMP7, WNT2, and CYP11A1) with potential roles in spermatogenesis. Conclusion:These findings elucidate the molecular basis for semen quality differences in ganders, advance avian reproductive biology research, and identify potential selective breeding markers to enhance commercial goose production efficiency.

Goose feathers have various colors, including black, white, brown, and gray, in addition to stripes and spots of different colors. The Youjiang goose is bred under specific ecological and climatic conditions in Jiangxi Province, China. Under natural circumstances, the Youjiang goose exhibits two colors of plumages, white and gray. This study employed RNA sequencing and Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to analyze key genes of Youjiang goose feathers of white and gray colors to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of feather color synthesis. A total of 140 genes were differentially expressed in white and gray feathers. These genes were found to be associated with “Immunity, infection and inflammation” (DYNC1I1, HSPA8), “calcium ion binding” (EGFL6, PLA2G12B), “lipid and carbohydrate metabolism” (PAX3, COL3A1, COL6A1, TSHR, IGF1, NME3), and melanin metabolic process (TYRP1, EDNRB2, DCT, TYR, MLANA). The enriched gene ontology terms were “protein refolding”, “extracellular region”, and “signaling receptor binding”. The top 3 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways included the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction (acyg04080), melanogenesis (acyg04916), and tyrosine metabolism (acyg00350). GWAS analysis revealed four single nucleotide polymorphisms (LOC125183578, VAMP7, LOC106047492, LOC106047519) on chromosome 13. These findings provide a basis for further investigation of goose feather color formation profiles.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a Chinese herbal medicine compound microecological agent (C-MEA) on the egg production performance, ovarian follicle development, ovary transcriptome, and cecal microbiota of caged laying ducks. A total of 108 black Muscovy ducks (150 days old) were randomly divided into three groups for 30 days in a formal feeding trial. Compared with the control basic diet (Group C) and 16 g/kg C-MEA dosage (Group B), the 8 g/kg C-MEA dosage (Group A) increased egg production (average laying rate 69.35%) and follicle development (5~7 Fs, 6~7 LYFs, 11~13 SYFs) mass (p < 0.05). According to RNA-Seq, the ovaries’ transcriptome among different dietary groups enriched six key pathways, including neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, the PPAR signaling pathway, ECM–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, the adherens junction, and the FoxO signaling pathway, as well as 46 candidate key genes. According to 16S-Seq, the microbial diversity was significantly increased in Group A, and the genus abundances of Sphaerochaeta and UCG-004 were significantly changed among different dietary groups (p < 0.05). Supplementation with C-MEA may optimize the cecal microflora and the interactions between the intestinal microflora and the host. The results from combining RNA-Seq and 16S-Seq demonstrated that the relationship between Sphaerochaeta and the hub gene cluster (F2, KNG1, C5, PLG, F2RL1, FABP1, and GCG) is the most prominent. In conclusion, the egg performance of caged laying ducks can be modulated through the microbiota–gut–ovary axis. Our findings provide new insights for improving gut health and reproductive performance of caged laying ducks.

Plumage color, a pivotal attribute delineating diverse Muscovy duck strains, assumes considerable significance within the field of Muscovy duck breeding research. This study extends the existing research by delving into the hereditary aspects of genes associated with plumage coloration in Muscovy ducks. The principal objective is to discern marker genes conducive to targeted breeding strategies based on plumage color, thereby furnishing indispensable technical foundations for the development of novel Muscovy duck varieties. Our investigation focused on scrutinizing the impact of MYOT and MB genes on the genetic expression of plumage color at both the RNA and protein levels in Muscovy ducks. The results elucidate that black Muscovy ducks manifest markedly elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of MYOT and MB genes in comparison to their white counterparts, indicating that both genes may play a constructive regulatory role in the context of plumage coloration in Muscovy ducks. The outcomes of this study delineate a discernible correlation between MYOT and MB genes and the plumage coloration in Muscovy ducks. Employing gene expression analysis, we successfully identified candidate genes that may be intricately linked to the determination of plumage color in these ducks.

To investigate the genetic factors underlying marketed body size traits in Chinese local geese, we conducted a comprehensive study involving nine body size traits in 251 samples at 10 weeks of age from five local breeds: Taihu goose (TH), Sichuan goose (SC), Guangfeng goose (GF), Xupu goose (XP), and Youjiang goose (YJ). Genotyping data were obtained through whole-genome re-sequencing, followed by a genome-wide association analysis utilizing the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) approach. Our findings revealed 88 significant SNPs associated with body size traits, with 16 SNPs surpassing the genome-wide significance threshold (p = 3.98E-09) and 72 SNPs exceeding the suggestive significance threshold (p = 5E-07). Subsequent gene annotation identified these SNPs to be located within exonic regions of 86 candidate genes, including THADA, ATP5A1, ZNF462, PRDM8, and GH14523. Notably, functional enrichment analysis employing Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways highlighted 37 significantly enriched pathways, among which the “negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway” (GO:0030512) emerged as relevant to goose skeletal development and the phenotypic expression of body size in geese. The identification of these novel SNPs and candidate genes associated with 10-week-old body size traits in geese presents valuable insights for future molecular breeding endeavors and the elucidation of underlying mechanisms governing body size trait formation in goose.

To elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms underpinning feather color in Muscovy ducks. A cohort of 100 Muscovy ducks was meticulously selected for this research. Follicular tissues from ducks exhibiting black and white plumage served as the experimental samples. From these tissues, RNA and proteins were extracted for further analysis. The RNA underwent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification, followed by validation through western blot assays. The data revealed a significant upregulation in the expression of FN domain-containing protein 1 (FNDC1) and ADAMTS12 genes in Muscovy ducks with white plumage traits as opposed to those with black plumage traits. Specifically, individuals with pure white plumage demonstrated a markedly elevated expression of the FNDC1 gene in comparison to their pure black counterparts. Conversely, expression levels of the ADAMTS12 gene were found to be reduced in ducks with pure black plumage relative to those with pure white plumage. Notably, the expression patterns of FNDC1 and ADAMTS12 genes exhibited inconsistencies between mRNA and protein levels. This study offers significant insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying feather color variation in Muscovy ducks. FNDC1 and ADAMTS12 could be considered potential targets for genetic manipulation or selective breeding strategies aimed at achieving specific feather color phenotypes in Muscovy ducks.

Development up to now, the vocational education had made remarkable achievements, but there also appeared the phenomena of "emptiness" and "alienation" in the vocational education, and exposed the problems in the speciality, value orientation, personnel training, education system and so on. In order to realize the great development, great leapfrog and great integration of the present vocational education. This paper insisted on Huang Yanpei's vocational education essence, expounded and analysed the phenomena of "emptiness" and "alienation" in the vocational education, diagnosed and clarified the root of the problem about the vocational education, explored the prescription and the path to solve the problem, add vitality and power for the development of the vocational education, gave full play to the practical significance and practical value of the vocational education.

为进一步丰富番鸭羽色性状遗传机制的研究,运用Illumina高通量测序技术对不同性别的黑羽及白羽番鸭皮肤组织进行转录组测序,经GO富集分析和KEGG通路注释对差异表达基因功能进行解析,利用qRT-PCR对部分RNA-Seq数据进行验证.结果显示,公黑羽番鸭皮肤(HFPF.G)vs母黑羽番鸭皮肤(HFPF.M)获得差异基因2 131个,公白羽番鸭皮肤(BFPF.G)vs母白羽番鸭皮肤(BFPF.M)获得差异基因780个,黑羽番鸭皮肤(HFPF)vs白羽番鸭皮肤(BFPF)获得差异基因684个,通过上述三组韦恩分析,以黑、白羽番鸭皮肤对比组(HFPF vs BFPF)504个差异基因为番鸭羽色候选基因,进一步筛选获得番鸭羽色性状相关前10个差异表达,其溶质转运蛋白(Solute carrier,SLC)家族成员SLC7A11和SLC25A4可能对番鸭黑、白羽色性状遗传起重要调控作用.同时发现细胞色素P450对外源物质的代谢作用信号通路、谷胱甘肽代谢信号通路、cAMP信号通路等可能参与番鸭黑白羽色性状遗传的调控过程.研究表明,SLC7A11和SLC25A4可用于黑羽番鸭的羽毛分子辅助选育.

结合黄炎培职教思想的内涵和本质,以不同层次类型的10所职业院校调研为依据,阐述黄炎培职教思想与工匠精神的内在关联,分析教师工匠精神培植的职业教育现状,探索形成了以工匠教师"331"培育模式为核心的职业院校教师工匠精神的培植路径,为职业院校新时代工匠教师的培养提供参考.

为挖掘黑羽番鸭肉质风味相关候选基因,通过对黑羽番鸭胸肌、腿肌中挥发性风味物质进行测定,并通过Illumina HiSeq2500高通量测序进行转录组对比分析,结合参考基因组对所获得的序列进行序列比对、基因注释和差异表达等分析,筛选出差异表达基因并进行GO富集分析.通过荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)方法检测4个差异候选基因表达水平,验证测序结果的可靠性.结果表明,黑羽番鸭胸肌中挥发性风味物质辛醛、2,3-辛二酮含量显著高于腿肌,3-羟基-2-丁酮含量显著低于腿肌(P<0.05).通过参考基因组比对和差异表达分析,初步获得614个差异表达基因,171个差异基因在黑羽番鸭腿肌组织上调表达,443个差异基因在黑羽番鸭腿肌组织下调表达.结合GO分析和KEGG富集分析,最终获得了20个候选功能基因,它们分别参与机体氨基酸形成、糖代谢以及脂肪代谢等生物过程,其中10个差异候选基因在黑羽番鸭胸肌中参与肌内脂肪代谢过程,这些基因可能通过形成肌内挥发性风味物质进而影响肌肉风味.qRT-PCR验证结果表明,筛选出的差异候选基因表达趋势与转录组测序中表达的趋势相似,说明测序结果可靠.在黑羽番鸭胸肌、腿肌中挥发性风味物质对比基础上,结合RNA-Seq技术对黑羽番鸭肉质风味前体物质特异性形成机制进行综合分析,筛选出ACOT11、APOA1、FABP3等脂肪代谢相关的差异基因可能与黑羽番鸭胸、腿肌肉质风味形成相关.

为了比较扬州鹅与不同品种鹅杂交组合的繁殖性能及F1代间成活率、体尺和体重指标间的差异.本试验以扬州鹅、莱扬鹅(莱茵鹅♂×扬州鹅♀)、溆扬鹅(溆浦鹅♂×扬州鹅♀)、皖扬鹅(皖西白鹅♂×扬州鹅♀)和浙扬鹅(浙东白鹅♂×扬州鹅♀)为研究对象,分别测定5个组合种蛋受精率和出雏率,以及雏鹅到10周龄时成活率、体尺和体重指标.结果表明:扬州鹅组的繁殖性能最优,受精率达到84.04％,显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05),浙扬鹅组的繁殖性能最差,受精率为48.03％,显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05);各组间成活率差异不显著(P＞0.05);10周龄时体斜长、胸宽、胸深、胸骨长、胫长、胫围,皖扬鹅组总体最好;半潜水长,只有浙扬鹅组公鹅、母鹅和公母鹅群体显著高于其它组(P＜0.05);10周龄时皖扬鹅组公鹅和公母鹅群体平均体重最高,分别达到4 039.33 g和3 772.33 g.

为进一步研究番鸭羽色性状的遗传机制,运用Illumina高通量测序技术对黑羽及白羽番鸭皮肤组织进行转录组测序(RNA-seq),利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)对部分RNA-seq数据进行验证后,经基因本体(GO)富集分析、京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路注释以及蛋白互作网络数据库(STRING)对差异表达基因功能进行筛选和功能分析.结果显示:RT-qPCR验证结果与RNA-seq结果比对,差异表达基因变化趋势一致,黑羽番鸭与白羽番鸭皮肤中发现显著差异表达基因684个,其中上调差异表达基因362个,下调差异表达基因322个,进一步筛选获得番鸭羽色性状相关候选差异表达基因20个,其中溶质载体家族24成员4(SLC24A4)、SLC24A5、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1(TYRP1)、多巴色素异构酶(DCT)、溶质载体家族7成员11(SLC7A11)和小眼畸形相关转录因子(MITF)可能对番鸭羽色的遗传调控起重要调控作用.试验结果丰富了番鸭羽色性状遗传机制的研究,并为番鸭的进一步选育提供了新的数据支撑.

[目的]探明扬州鹅及其杂交后代生长及屠宰性能和肉品质的差异,为扬州鹅及其杂交配套系的培育、开发和利用提供理论依据.[方法]以扬州鹅、莱扬鹅、溆扬鹅、皖扬鹅和浙扬鹅为研究对象,分别测定5组试验鹅群的生长性能(0～10周龄)、10周龄屠宰性能及肉品质.[结果]公母鹅群体中,扬州鹅组初生重显著高于莱扬鹅和溆扬鹅组,与皖扬鹅和浙扬鹅组间差异不显著;2周龄时,扬州鹅组的体重显著低于其他组;4周龄、6周龄、8周龄和10周龄时,均以皖扬鹅组体重最高;10周龄时,皖扬鹅组平均体重较纯种扬州鹅组高约300 g.所有杂交组合的屠宰率和全净膛率均高于标准值(屠宰率80％,全净膛率60％),且公鹅的肉用性状总体优于母鹅.除浙扬鹅组外,其他杂交组合的胸肌和腿肌的失水率均比扬州鹅组低,以莱扬鹅组最低.[结论]扬州母鹅与不同品系父本鹅的杂交后代比纯种后代的生长性能更具优势,肌肉水分含量高,质地较好,加工时出品率高;商品生产的最优杂交组合为皖扬鹅,肉产品加工的最优杂交组合为莱扬鹅.

In poultry, viral infections (e.g., Marek's disease virus, avian leukosis virus, influenza A virus, and so on) can cause devastating mortality and economic losses. Because viruses are solely dependent on host cells to propagate, they alter the host intracellular microenvironment. Thus, understanding the virus-host interaction is important for antiviral immunity and drug development in the poultry industry. MicroRNAs are crucial posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression in a wide spectrum of biological processes, including viral infection. Recently, microRNAs have been identified as key players in virus-host interactions. In this review, we will discuss the intricacies involved in the virus-host cross-talk mediated by host and viral microRNAs in poultry (i.e., chicken and ducks), as well as recent trends and challenges in this field. These findings may provide some insights into the rapidly developing area of research regarding viral pathogenesis and antiviral immunity in poultry production.

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, RSV) has been widely used in mammalian cells, but whether it can be used during freezing boar semen is still unknown. The effects of RSV treatment during boar semen freezing on its anti-freezing ability, apoptosis, and possible apoptotic pathways were observed in this study. Sperm motility, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive apoptotic state, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of apoptotic genes involved in different apoptotic pathways after freezing with or without RSV treatment were tested. The results showed that: (1) Compared with fresh sperm, the motility, normal acrosome rate, and plasma membrane integrity rate of frozen boar sperm decreased significantly (P<0.05), and RSV did not significantly increase the sperm motility (0.44 vs. 0.40, P>0.05), but it did significantly improve the normal acrosome rate (57.65% vs. 47.00%, P<0.05) and plasma membrane integrity rate (46.67% vs. 38.85%, P<0.05). (2) After freezing, most boar sperm showed low mitochondrial ΔΨm. RSV treatment could increase the rate of high mitochondrial ΔΨm of boar sperm. (3) RSV treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (58.65% vs. 88.41%, P<0.05) and increased the ATP content (0.49 μmol/L vs. 0.25 μmol/L, P<0.05) of boar sperm during freezing. (4) The apoptotic rate of the freezing group (80.41%) with TUNEL detection increased significantly compared to the fresh group (9.70%, P<0.05), and RSV treatment greatly decreased the apoptotic rate (68.32%, P<0.05). (5) Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that not only the genes from the death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Fas ligand (FasL), and Caspase-8), but also the genes from the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway (manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and Caspase-9) were both significantly changed after freezing. RSV treatment during freezing greatly changed their expression levels. Although RSV treatment during boar semen freezing did not significantly increase motility after thawing, it still played an efficient antioxidant role, which could enhance the mitochondrial function and decrease the apoptotic level induced by both the death receptor- and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways.

中国特色高水平高等职业学校和专业建设计划的核心是引领高职教育教学改革,实现我国高职教育高质量发展,为推进产业高端、服务高端产业培养大批高素质技术技能人才,科研育人是高职院校深化人才培养模式改革、实现这一目标的重要途径.目前科研服务技术技能人才培养存在“职教困境”,在国家“双高计划”建设背景下,高职院校要注重科研赋能人才培养政策引导,根据高职学生学习特点和行业企业实际需求,充分依托学校平台,深入打造校企命运共同体,聚焦行业企业亟待破解的技术难题,融产学研创一体,大力开展应用型科技研发,形成提升高职院校科研“增值赋能”职教人才培养策略.

中国特色高水平高等职业学校和专业建设计划的核心是要引领高职改革,实现高质量发展,为产业高端和高端产业培养高素质技术技能人才.这一目标能否实现,关键在高职院校“校企合作、产教融合”办学的能力和水平,影响“校企合作、产教融合”向纵深推进的困难和因素很多,在现行体制机制下,解决这一问题需要苦练内功、固本培元.文章依据江苏农牧科技职业学院十几年来办学历程,从国家示范性(骨干)校到江苏省高水平学校建设,构建并运行了“科技创新、科技服务和校企合作”三大体系,形成了“增值赋能”人才培养方案与成果,与国家“双高计划”建设十项重大任务中的“打造技术技能创新服务平台、提升校企合作水平、提升服务发展水平”是一脉相承、环环相扣的,是推动“双高计划”建设、实现高职院校人才培养“增值赋能”“三教”改革和校企合作取得新突破的重要途径与举措.

为了结合实际生产科学配制饲粮配方,试验通过具体操作演示尝试使用线性规划和目标规划两种设计方法进行黑羽番鸭饲粮配方设计.结果表明:获得的黑羽番鸭各阶段的基础饲粮配方有效克服了线性规划的无解问题,又保证了饲粮配方的合理性.