近年来,孙小果案、巴图孟和案、郭文思案的出现引发了学界对减刑案件办理的高度关注,减刑案件的审理正当性和程序性也受到公众的质疑,减刑案件审理过程实质化的呼声日益高涨.同时,不容忽视的是,无论在理论层面还是实践层面,实现减刑实质化审理仍然存在诸多需要解决的问题.

减刑、假释制度是刑罚执行过程中的一项重要制度,总体运行良好,但进入新时代,减刑、假释制度也遇到不少新情况、新问题,罪犯考核计分不科学、违规计分、证明材料缺失、虚假立功,"批量提请、批量审查"导致实质化审理被虚化,检察监督被弱化.针对上述现实,按照类似于检察机关审查起诉的程序建立减刑、假释的提请程序是合理的,具有正当性基础.如此,变革由检察机关行使减刑、假释提请权,避免因提请机关的多元而导致标准不统一,有利于深层次整治违规违法减刑、假释,这契合新时代的司法改革尤其是检察改革的趋势和潮流,倡导大胆尝试,适度推进.

在中外法治文明进步的过程中,有一些具有里程碑意义的案例或事件起着非同寻常的推动作用.张飚同志历时5年锲而不舍帮助张氏叔侄平反冤案的先进事迹就是一例.2007年,新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市检察院监所检察科检察员张飚在一次监区巡查中,发现并依法受理服刑人员张高平不服判决、坚称无罪的申诉后,严格履行法律监督职责,针对案件诸多疑点,坚持不懈地依法开展查证工作,多次跨省转递申诉材料、反映案件疑点、提供证据线索,直至2013年张高平、张辉叔侄被改判无罪,使公平正义得到伸张.①亥先进事迹被广泛宣传后,在社会上引起强烈反响,为政法干警赢得了人民群众的赞誉与信赖,增强了司法公信力,推动了法治建设的进程.时隔多年,张飚的先进事迹一直在我脑海里回放,他的“忠诚、执着、担当、奉献”的职业精神一直激励着我,新时期的检察工作更需要传承发扬“张飚精神”.

当前，被监管人死亡事件受到社会高度关注，处理不好就会影响社会稳定。当前，在处置被监管人死亡事件中存在法律制度不健全、程序不公开、处理标准不统一、当事人权利保障不足等问题，导致监管机关执法公信力的降低。解决问题的途径之一，是使处置被监管人死亡事件走向规范化和法治化之路。

In order to meet the needs of new situation, the Supreme People's Procuratorate has changed the traditional “prison prosecution” to “criminal execution procuration”. This is not a simple change of the name, but an important change related to duties and responsibilities, working methods and working concept. There are many problems exist now, such as the lack of legal support, unsound of the working mechanism, unreasonable existing institutions, and limited human resources, etc., which prevent the improvement of the“criminal execution procuration”. By analyzing the present situation of the “criminal execution procuration”, the author tries to ifnd out the obstacles and seek the way to scientiifcally develop the work of criminal execution procuration.

The article 255 th of the newly revised criminal procedure law regulates that the office of the public prosecutor has the synchronous supervising function when they decide to execute a sentence outside of jail.Nowadays there are some problems existing in the execution of a sentence outside the jail such as a mere formality, lack of professional knowledge , and lack of transition in the procuratorate .We need to construct a tracking and examining system to help the system innovate in the process of promoting execution of a sentence outside the jail .We have to get some effective result and promote justice and equity when we promote the execu -tion of a sentence outside the jail .

为了准确适用非监禁刑,防止社区矫正执行方式的滥用,促进社区矫正与案件审判环节的衔接,保证社区矫正的效果,我国部分地区对审前适用非监禁刑风险评估做了有益的尝试,取得了良好的效果。但《刑事诉讼法》对这一制度并无规定,调查程序上也存在一些问题。《刑事诉讼法》修改时应明确这一制度,并加强对这一制度的检察监督。

The procuratorate dispatching agency to the jail and labor penitentiary is the main methods of supervision.This method gets hold of the first-hand information of the criminal punishment execution and the enforcement authorities.However,this approach of the supervision exposes the shortcomings.It weakens seriously the strength of inspection and supervision.This paper presents an idea of the inspection and supervision at any time in base of analyzing problems of the procuratorate dispatched agency,in order that the procuratorate can promote he ability of the legal supervision.

Both commutation and parole are very important system of execution, which makes great influence on accelerating the persons serving sentence to accept the alteration, improving the quality of alteration and being a useful measures to them come back to the society earlier. Under the current circumstance of commutation and parole, however, there are still involved with following problems. The advisory right hold by prison eats into the jurisdiction owned by the courts. The supervision method handled by the procuratorial departments is really soften. And the parties involved with the case usually holds scare right to participate in the judicial procedure. Based on the issues I have mentioned above, there has been an emergent need for us to realize the justice in the commutation and parole by the means of consummating the legislations, reconstructing the commutation and parole, expanding the degree of publicity in implementing the commutation and parole, strengthening the force of procuratorial departments and endowing the parties essential participating rights.

我国《刑法》第68、78条和《监狱法》第29条对立功行为作了原则性的规定。但司法实践中，由于具体情况纷繁复杂，对准确认定犯罪分子是否有克功行为造成了一定的因难。笔者认为，认定立功应与认定犯罪构成一样，应坚持主客观相一致的原则。下面，就以《刑法》第68条规定的内容为基础，结合司法实践对立功的认定进行论述，不妥之处．请同仁指正。