先天性心脏病术后患儿是发生口腔感染的高危人群,口腔护理不仅有助于保持患儿口腔的湿润与清洁,增强食欲,还可有效减少口腔内致病菌定植,降低术后肺炎、病毒性心肌炎等感染性疾病的风险.本文将综述先天性心脏病术后患儿口腔健康影响因素、评估工具、护理液和辅助工具选择的新方向以及护士培训与家庭教育策略,为推动先天性心脏病术后婴儿口腔护理的标准化,改善口腔健康状况并促进患儿康复提供参考依据.

Objective:To identify the influencing factors affecting the cosmetic facial injection treatments for cosmetic patients.Methods:Based on the purposeful sampling principle with maximum diversity and data saturation principle, patients who underwent facial injection cosmetic surgery in Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from June to September 2022 were selected for cross-sectional study. The qualitative study method was used to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews with patients and collect data. After the interview, the 7-step analysis method of Colaizzi phenomenological data was used to extract the topic concepts.Results:A total of 16 patients were included, and their influencing factors for medical treatment could be divided into 5 related topics: (1) age-related; (2) occupation-related; (3) surrounding social-environment-related; (4) social media platforms contacted; (5) experience of negative appearance evaluation during adolescence.Conclusion:Many factors affect the treatment of injection patients. In the course of medical treatment, the influencing factors should be identified accurately, so as to guide patients to seek medical treatment scientifically.

父母是先天性心脏病(CHD)患儿最重要的家庭照顾者和社会支持来源,识别并满足父母在患儿治疗不同阶段的需求对提升父母身心健康与照顾能力,促进患儿康复,提升护理满意度意义重大.因此,本文以CHD患儿疾病治疗阶段为脉络,阐述了 CHD患儿父母的阶段性需求与干预策略,强调专科护士需结合患儿不同治疗阶段其父母的需求特点,强化护士主导的专业支持,探索发展以家庭为中心的个性化护理实践并不断加强系统化、信息化的延续护理.

随着人们物质生活水平的提高,越来越多的人开始追求面部容貌的改善或提升,包括面部器官重塑、面部轮廓重建、面部年轻化、面部皮肤质地改善等.在临床工作中了解和评估影响面部整形美容患者心理因素,对于提升医患沟通的有效性,鉴别整形美容手术的适应证,帮助患者选择合适的诊疗方案具有重要意义.现就整形美容患者在就医人群特征的基础上,受体象障碍、容貌焦虑、个人的自我效能实现等内部心理因素影响,同时社交媒体、多元化整形美容信息获取途径等外部环境对面部整形美容患者的心理产生重要的影响作一综述.

该文探究了卓越人才内涵,从国家卫生建设、学科发展以及学生自身发展3个角度明确了卓越护理人才培养的必要性和现实意义,总结出卓越人才培养的普遍规律,结合我国护理学科及护理专业发展现状,从选"材"、培养目标、培养模式、课程内容、师资与教学方式、培养环境6个方面提出护理专业卓越人才培养策略,以期推动我国护理教育改革,促进我国护理事业的发展.

改善母乳喂养行为、延长母乳喂养时间已经成为促进母婴健康的全球战略.本文基于计划行为理论的基本概念对母乳喂养的影响因素、评估工具和干预措施进行综述,以期为护理人员根据计划行为理论开展母乳喂养早期评估和干预,提高母乳喂养率和延长母乳喂养时间提供参考.

目的 探讨早产儿父亲创伤后成长的心理体验.方法 2020年12月至2021年2月,采用目的抽样法选取北京市某三级甲等医院儿科门诊收治的18例早产儿的父亲为研究对象,采用现象学研究方法对其进行半结构式访谈,应用Colaizzi分析法对收资的资料进行分析.结果 早产儿父亲创伤后成长的心理体验可归纳为以下4个主题:获得人生新体验、启动心理补偿机制、自我处境合理化、反思获益与成长.结论 护士应对早产儿父亲创伤后成长有更加全面的认识,及时关注并给予早产儿父亲早期引导和多维度心理社会支持,促进其心理健康和早产儿家庭的顺利过渡.

随着我国"二胎政策"开放,高龄产妇数量增多,早产儿的发生率由7％ 上升至9 .9％ [1 ].由于早产儿医学救治技术和护理措施不断进步,早产儿的生存率和生存质量逐年提升.嗅觉刺激作为一种新兴、安全和经济的护理措施,在国外新生儿重症监护室已被广泛应用.早产儿在子宫时,能嗅到羊水的气味;出生后,母乳或环境中的气味会对早产儿的生理、心理及喂养等方面产生一定的影响[2 ].目前,嗅觉刺激在我国早产儿护理工作中应用较少,现对国外关于嗅觉刺激对早产儿的研究进行综述,并思考嗅觉刺激在早产儿护理工作中的应用,以期为我国进一步开展早产儿的优质护理服务提供参考.

Objective:To investigate the status quo of patient privacy protection behavior of clinical nurses and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, clinical nurses from tertiary hospitals in China were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey on from March to April 2018. The Chinese version of Patient Privacy Scale (PPS) were used to conduct an investigation through Questionnaire Star electronic questionnaire. A total of 1, 043 valid questionnaires were collected, and the effective response rate was 100%.Results:The PPS total score of 1 043 clinical nurses was (124.86±12.16) . The item with the highest score was "You would use screens, curtains and sheets to protect patients' privacy when necessary" (4.89±0.39) , while the item with the lowest score was "You would knock on the door before entering the patient's room and enter after asking for the patient's consent" (4.11±1.14) . The results of multiple regression analysis showed that education level and department had effects on patients' privacy protection behavior ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The patient privacy protection behavior of clinical nurses is generally at a good level, but there is still room for improvement in individual behaviors. Teaching hospitals should strengthen education related to patient privacy protection for nurses with higher education degree who undertake teaching tasks and nurses in surgical monitoring departments and formulate specific relevant teaching procedures and detailed rules.

通过对治疗性游戏的定义、分类、游戏方案及效果、我国治疗性游戏应用影响因素进行总结,以期为我国开展游戏治疗相关研究提供参考依据.

The increase in the maternal perceptions of child vulnerability will cause the mother to over-protect the child, which will affect the child's psychological and behavioral development and cause the over-utilization of medical resources. This article reviews the concept, measurement tools and research status of maternal perceptions of child vulnerability. And this article summarizes the influencing factors from three aspects, namely mother's own factors, children's factors and psychosocial factors, so as to provide a basis for further research and exploration of effective intervention measures.

文章综述了新生儿重症监护室早产儿父亲应对方式的研究现状和影响因素,指出了早产儿父亲积极应对策略,并在此基础上提出展望,旨在借鉴国内外的研究成果,提高国内医务人员对早产儿父亲的关注,全面评估早产儿父亲的应对方式并给予相应干预,从而为进一步改善早产儿预后提供参考依据.

该文对虚拟仿真技术的发展历程、在护理教育中的应用现状进行综述,并介绍其应用效果,全面分析虚拟仿真技术在护理教育中面临的挑战,并提出相关应对对策,以期为虚拟仿真技术更好地应用于护理教育提供参考.

目的 系统梳理我国早产儿护理研究文献,探讨早产儿护理的研究现状、热点及发展趋势,为我国早产儿临床护理工作及科学研究的发展提供参考.方法 以中国知网(CNKI)为检索数据库,选取"早产儿and护理"为主题词,检索国内1950年—2019年发表的文献,运用CitespaceⅤ软件进行可视化分析.结果 共纳入3738篇文献,早产儿护理主要围绕呼吸暂停、生长发育、发展性照顾、袋鼠式护理等热点进行研究.结论 早产儿护理研究主要围绕基础护理、母乳喂养、照护模式以及护理方式等方面开展,仍需进一步深入研究.延续性护理、家庭参与式护理模式、发育支持性护理等是未来研究的趋势.

新医科背景下,护理专业研究生教育培养机遇和挑战并存,全面权衡外部机遇与挑战,提出相应的对策十分必要.该文探讨在新医科背景下我国护理专业研究生教育的现状,分析其优势、劣势,提供相关的对策建议,为新医科背景下护理研究生教育培养工作提供思路和方向.

住院患者在出院时常面临诸多的过渡转变问题,护士在其中扮演着重要的角色,过渡理论为护士提供了一种系统、全面分析处理此类问题的新思路.本文对过渡理论在出院护理实践中的应用及研究进展进行综述,以期我国护理工作者可以借鉴过渡理论,发展适合我国国情的出院过渡转型策略,确保出院患者顺利过渡到家庭,同时为今后出院护理相关研究提供参考和借鉴.

Objectives The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) is a 29-item, nine-subscale questionnaire, which measures the second-victim experience and quality of support resources after the health professionals involved with medical errors. Second victim is common among the registered nurses (RNs) in China; however, no Chinese version of the SVEST is available. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the SVEST (C-SVEST) among RNs. Methods The SVEST was forward and backward translated. The reliability and validity of the final C-SVEST were tested by using 625 RNs in Beijing, China. Internal consistency and split-half analysis were used to examine reliability, content validity was evaluated by expert committee, and validity was assessed via exploratory factory analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Results The Cronbach α coefficient (0.59–0.92) and split-half analysis (Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.88) were acceptable. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.85 to 0.97. The average of scale-level content validity index was 0.91. Eight factors were extracted by exploratory factory analysis, which explained 70.8% of the total variance of second-victim experience and support in the C-SVEST. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit for a nine-factor structure and the values were acceptable: root mean square error approximation = 0.07; comparative fit index = 0.90; goodness-of-fit index = 0.84; and χ2/df = 2.19. Conclusions The C-SVEST is a valid and reliable tool to assess the extent of second-victim distress and support resources in Chinese health care workers. In Asian culture, nurses are hesitant to express emotional distress and instead they express physical discomfort and turnover intentions.

论述以家庭为中心实施新生儿临终关怀护理的概念、相关建设及护理策略,提出相应建议.旨在为新生儿临终关怀护理提供参考,以推动我国新生儿临终关怀护理的发展.

目的 了解新生儿重症监护室护士经历道德困扰的心理体验及应对方式.方法 采用现象学研究方法,对14名新生儿重症监护室护士进行一对一的半结构式访谈,访谈内容根据Colaizzi的资料分析方法进行整理、提炼主题.结果 新生儿重症监护室护士经历道德困扰的心理体验包括:失落与气愤、伤心与难过、无力与受挫、麻木与淡漠;应对方式包括:被动接受、心理弹性、寻求措施.结论 由于照护对象的特殊性,新生儿重症监护室护士产生道德困扰的情境较为复杂,易给护士带来消极情绪,但却很少受到管理者重视.今后应进一步探究减轻护士道德困扰的干预方法,以合理利用人力资源,提高护理质量.

本文通过阐述国内外NICU护士新生儿临终照护能力的现状,并以NICU临终照护知识、技能和态度为视角介绍现今国内外提升N ICU护士照护临终患儿能力的策略,旨在为提升我国N ICU护士临终照护能力并为相应的研究提供参考.