目的 探讨血栓心脉宁对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠的保护作用及其作用机制.方法 采用永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉法建立大鼠VD模型,按体重随机分为对照组、模型组、阳性对照组(甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱片0.54 g/kg)及血栓心脉宁小、中、大剂量组(0.55、1.10、2.20 mg/kg).术后第14天开始给药,连续灌胃9 w后,通过Morris水迷宫观察大鼠的学习记忆能力,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测大鼠脑组织肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、转化生长因子(TGF)-β1和IL-10含量的变化.结果 与模型组相比,血栓心脉宁各剂量组学习记忆功能明显改善(P<0.05).与对照组相比,模型组脑组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、TGF-β1和IL-10含量明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,小剂量组脑组织中IL-1β、IL-10含量显著降低(P<0.01),中剂量组TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10含量显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),大剂量组TNF-α、IL-1β、TGF-β1和IL-10含量显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论 血栓心脉宁对VD大鼠有保护作用,且其作用机制与抑制炎症反应有关.

目的:研究血栓心脉宁对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠学习记忆能力及病理损伤的改善作用,并从炎症因子方面探讨其作用机制.方法:采用永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉法建立大鼠VD模型,实验分为对照组、模型组、甲磺酸双氢麦角毒碱片(喜得镇)0.54mg/kg剂量组,血栓心脉宁0.55 g/kg、1.10 g/kg、2.20 g/kg剂量组.通过Morris水迷宫观察大鼠的学习记忆能力;采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色考察大鼠海马及皮质的病理形态;采用免疫组化法检测大鼠脑组织海马CA1区胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB p65)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的表达.结果:与模型组相比,血栓心脉宁0.55 g/kg、1.10 g/kg、2.20 g/kg剂量组对VD大鼠的学习记忆功能有明显的改善作用.海马CA1区GFAP、TNF-α、NF-κB p65及IL-6表达明显降低.血栓心脉宁1.10 g/kg、2.20 g/kg剂量组大鼠脑组织皮层区与海马区的病理损伤有明显改善作用.结论:血栓心脉宁可明显提高VD大鼠的学习记忆能力,改善受损海马及皮质组织;其保护作用机制可能与降低VD大鼠GFAP、TNF-α、NF-κB p65及IL-6表达有关.

Objective To observe the protective effect mechanisms of Inonotus obliquus on Vascular dementia (VD) rats. Methods Wistar rats were selected, used repeatedly occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries and reperfusion, combined with intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitroprusside depressor preparation of VD animal model, randomly divided into control group, model group, IO group (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg), and intragastric administration for 8 weeks. The changes of free radical and related enzymes and cholinergic system in the brain tissue of rats were detected. Results Free radical and enzyme assay showed that compared with the model group, SOD and CAT activity of brain tissue in rats of Inonotus obliquus groups increased and MDA content decreased (P < 0.05), Na+-K+-ATP and the activity of the enzyme GSH-PX activity had no obvious change, inonotusobliquus large dose group (2.0 g/kg) Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP enzyme activity in rat' s brain increased significantly (P < 0.05). The detection of cholinergic system and related enzymes showed that there were no significant changes in the content of acetylcholine and cholinesterase in the brain tissue of the rats in each dose group compared to the model group. Conclusion The protective mechanism of obliquus obliquus against VD rats may be related to enhancing the activity of anti free radical related enzymes, increasing the antioxidant capacity of the body, and alleviating the damage of free radical in brain tissue; its mechanism maybe irrelevant to choline system.

Sloping strata reservoirs with low porosity and permeability are widely distributed in China. The first CO2 capture and geological storage (CCS) demonstration project in China that has been constructed in the Ordos Basin is a representative. In this paper, a 3D numerical model was constructed to evaluate the influence of injection pressure and strata dip angle on the CO2 injection amount in a sloping strata reservoir during CO2 injection period. We reached the following conclusions: (i) There is a balance time point (BTP)' for the total CO2 injection amount between a horizontal reservoir and a sloping one, and the BTP will decrease with the injection pressure increase. (ii) The influence of the dip angle of a sloping reservoir on the total injection amount is non-monotonicity. For a fixed injection pressure, before the BTP, the greater the dip angle, the greater the CO2 injection amount, but after the BTP, the change rule is reversed. (iii) The injection pressure significantly affected the total injected CO2 amount, but the influence of the dip angle (in the range of 0 degrees to 15 degrees) on the total injection amount was not significant during injection. (iv) To a sloping reservoir, for long time injection (i.e., injection time is longer than the BTP), the bigger the dip angle, the greater the distance of the CO2 upward migration, and the smaller the total injected amount compared to the horizontal reservoir. So, in actual site selection of a CCS project, the small dip angle reservoir was beneficial. (c) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

目的 研究血栓心脉宁对缺血再灌注致血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠脑组织乙酰胆碱(Ach)、胆碱酯酶(AchE)、自由基及相关酶的影响,探讨血栓心脉宁对大鼠VD治疗作用机制.

目的:探讨桦褐孔菌对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠行为学及组织病理形态的影响,阐明桦褐孔菌对VD大鼠的保护作用.方法:选用Wistar大鼠100只,采用反复夹闭大鼠双侧颈总动脉再灌注联合腹腔注射硝普钠降压法制备VD模型,大鼠分为正常对照组,模型组,阳性药组(吡拉西坦,0.5g,kg-1),低、中、高剂量(0.5、1.0和2.0 g·kg-1)桦褐孔菌组,连续灌胃给药8周后,观察大鼠行为学和组织病理学变化.结果:Morris水迷宫实验,与模型组比较,中和高剂量桦褐孔菌组大鼠在实验第2～6天,到达平台的潜伏期和游程明显缩短(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),实验第7天穿越平台次数、穿越有效区次数、有效区停留时间、有效区停留距离、有效区停留时间/总时间和有效区停留距离/总路程均明显增加(P＜0.05),高剂量桦褐孔菌组大鼠平台停留时间和平台停留时间/总时间明显增加(P＜0.05).组织病理形态观察,与模型组比较,高剂量桦褐孔菌组大鼠脑组织皮质区和海马区的病理性损伤明显减轻.结论:桦褐孔菌对VD大鼠具有保护作用,能改善VD大鼠的学习记忆能力,减轻VD大鼠脑组织的病理损伤.

Objective:To explore the influence of total alkaloids of Corydalis Ochotensis(TAOCO) on the behavior and pathomorphology of brain tissue of the rats with Alzheimer's disease(AD) induced by β-amyloid protein 25-35(Aβ25-35),and to clarify its therapeutic effects on the AD rats.Methods:The Wistar rats were divided into mormal control group(treated with 0.5 mL·100 g-1 distilled water) (n=9),model group(treated with 0.5 mL·100 g-1 distilled water)(n=9),positive drug group(treated with 1.75 mg·kg-1 donepezil hydrochloride)(n=9),and low,middle and high doses (treated with 2.0,4.0 and 8.0 mg·kg-1) of TAOCO groups(n=8,n=9,n=9).The rat AD models were made by injecting Aβ25-35 into hippocampus.On the 14th day after operation,the rats were administered for 7 d.Morris water maze test was used to detect the spatial learning and memory ability of the rats;dark avoidance task was used to observe the passive avoidance ability of the rats;the pathomorphology of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the rats were detected.Results:The Morris water maze test results showed that compared with model group,the latency to platform of the rats in low dose of TAOCO group was decreased on the 4th and 5th days(P<0.05);the latency and swimming distance to reach the platform of the rats in middle dose of TAOCO group were decreased on the 5th day(P<0.05),and the starting angle of the rats was reduced on the 3th day(P<0.05);the latencies to reach the platform of the rats in high dose of TAOCO group were decreased on the 2nd and 5th days(P<0.05),and the starting angle of the rats was decreased on the 6th day(P<0.01).Compared with model group,on the 7th day,the time of staying on platform,distance of staying on platform,time of staying on platform/total time,distance of staying on platform/total distance of the rats in different doses of TAOCO groups were all increased significantly(P<0.05) within 1.5 min.Compared with model group,the times of crossing platform and time of staying in effective area of the rats in low and high doses of TAOCO groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).The dark avoidance task results showed that compared with model group,the error latencies and the error times of the rats in different doses of TAOCO groups had no significant differences on the 2nd day(P>0.05).Compared with model group,there was no obvious improvement of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus injury of the rats in low and middle doses of TAOCO groups.In high dose of TAOCO group,the cerebral cortex and hippocampus injury of the rats were significantly improved.Conclusion:TAOCO can improve the learning and memory function of the AD rats and reduce the pathological injury of brain tissue of AD rats.

目的 观察5年生种植人参原粉、水提物和醇提物长期应用对小鼠学习记忆的影响,为人参的食用提供实验依据.方法 正常成年昆明小鼠140只,雌雄各半,体重18～22g,随机分为10组,即:对照组,5年生种植人参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参水提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参醇提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,每组14只,连续灌胃给药3个月后进行亚硝酸盐致记忆巩固障碍实验及乙醇致记忆再现障碍实验.结果 在亚硝酸盐致记忆巩固障碍和乙醇致记忆再现障碍跳台实验中,与模型组比较,人参原粉小、中、大剂量组,人参水提物小、中、大剂量组,人参醇提物小、中及大剂量组第二天的错误次数及第二天的错误潜伏期无明显变化.结论 长期食用5年生种植人参原粉、水提物及醇提物对小鼠亚硝酸盐致记忆巩固障碍及乙醇致记忆再现障碍无明显的改善作用.

The Mixing Cell Model (MCM) is a useful tool that can be applied to areas with limited hydrogeological data, such as arid areas in northwest China, to transform available groundwater hydrochemical data into quantitative information about an aquifer. In this study, we used the MCM to quantify water circulation in the study area and to analyze information such as the supply source composition and proportion of the confined aquifer, the main supply aquifer for local drinking water. The MCM simulation results showed that the confined aquifer in the study area is mainly recharged by leakage of water from the upper unconfined aquifer and lateral flow from the eastern and southern tablelands. Unconfined groundwater and lateral flow contributed to 67.69% and 32.31% of the recharge, respectively. The groundwater circulation model of the study area provided quantitative information about water circulation in different parts of the study area, represented by different cells known as A–F. The information from this model provides a scientific basis for the sustainable use and development of water resources in different parts of the study area.

目的 观察5年生种植人参原粉、水提物和醇提物长期应用对小鼠学习记忆的影响,为人参的食用提供实验依据.方法 正常成年昆明小鼠140只,雌雄各半,体重18～22g,随机分为10组,即:对照组,5年生种植人参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参水提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参醇提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,每组14只,连续灌胃给药3个月后进行东莨菪碱致学习记忆获得障碍实验.结果 与模型组比较,人参醇提物大剂量小鼠第1天的到达平台潜伏期、游程有缩短的趋势,但无统计学意义,第4天的游程明显缩短(P＜0.05),其他指标无明显变化.人参原粉小、中、大剂量组,人参水提物小、中、大剂量组,人参醇提物小、中剂量组第1天至第5天到达平台的潜伏期、游程、朝向角、游泳速度无明显变化,第6天小鼠在1.5min内穿越平台的次数、穿越有效区的次数、平台停留距离、平台区的逗留时间、有效区停留距离、有效区停留时间、平台停留距离/总路程比、在平台区的逗留时间/总时间、有效区停留距离/总路程、有效区停留时间/总时间均无明显变化.结论 长期食用5年生种植人参原粉、水提物及醇提物对小鼠东莨菪碱致学习记忆获得障碍无明显的改善作用.

目的 观察5年生种植人参食用对正常成年小鼠睡眠的影响,为人参的食用提供实验依据.方法 正常成年昆明小鼠140只,雌雄各半,体重18-22g,随机分为10组,即:对照组,5年生种植人参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药／kg)组,5年生种植人参水提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参醇提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,每组14只.各组小鼠连续灌胃给药3个月后进行戊巴比妥钠催眠、戊巴比妥钠阈下催眠及水合氯醛阈下催眠实验.结果 戊巴比妥钠催眠实验中,与对照组比较,人参原粉小、中、大剂量组,人参水提物小、中、大剂量组及人参醇提物小、中、大剂量组睡眠的潜伏期及睡眠持续时间无明显变化(P＞0.05);戊巴比妥钠阈下催眠,水合氯醛阈下催眠实验中,与对照组比较,人参原粉小、中、大剂量组,人参水提物小、中、大剂量组及人参醇提物小、中、大剂量组30min内睡眠发生率无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 5年生种植人参食用对正常成年小鼠睡眠无明显影响.

目的 观察5年生种植人参食用对正常幼年小鼠睡眠的影响,为人参的食用提供实验依据.方法 正常成年昆明小鼠140只,3-4W,雌雄各半,随机分为10组,即:对照组,5年生种植人参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参水提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参醇提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,每组14只.各组小鼠连续灌胃给药3个月后进行戊巴比妥钠催眠、戊巴比妥钠阈下催眠及水合氯醛阈下催眠实验.结果 戊巴比妥钠催眠实验中,与对照组比较,人参原粉小、中、大剂量组,人参水提物小、中、大剂量组及人参醇提物小、中、大剂量组小鼠的睡眠的潜伏期及睡眠持续时间无明显变化(P＞0.05);戊巴比妥钠阈下催眠,水合氯醛阈下催眠实验中,与对照组比较,人参原粉小、中、大剂量组,人参水提物小、中、大剂量组及人参醇提物小、中、大剂量组小鼠30min内睡眠发生率无明显变化(P＞0.05)及.结论 5年生种植人参食用对正常幼年小鼠睡眠无明显影响.

目的：探讨血栓心脉宁对大鼠血管性痴呆（VD）的治疗作用。方法选用Wistar大鼠，采用永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉法制作VD动物模型，动物分为假手术组、模型组及血栓心脉宁组（1.1 g/kg、2.2 g/kg）。连续灌胃给药8 w。通过Morris水迷宫、病理学，观察血栓心脉宁对VD大鼠是否有治疗作用。结果水迷宫实验中，血栓心脉宁组与模型组相比，小剂量组在第2天、第5天的潜伏期缩短（P＜0.01，P＜0.05），大剂量组在第2～6天潜伏期缩短（P＜0.05），第3天到达平台的朝向角变小（P＜0.05）。与模型组相比，血栓心脉宁小剂量组在第2天、第5天的游程缩短（P＜0.05），血栓心脉宁大剂量组在第1～6天的游程缩短（P＜0.05）。病理结果显示，血栓心脉宁可改善VD的大脑皮层及海马病理学变化。结论长期应用血栓心脉宁可改善 VD大鼠的学习记忆功能。

当前培养心理健康、人格健全的医学生,已成为全社会关注的问题。针对医学生存在的心理问题和影响因素,制定心理健康教育的有效措施,建立行之有效的心理健康教育体系,这对于培养医学技术精湛、心理素质良好的合格医学生,有着十分重要的作用。

目的 探讨氨氯地平对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠学习记忆的影响,为其临床应用提供实验依据.方法 选用Wistar大鼠,采用永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉法制作VD动物模型,动物分为假手术组、模型组及氨氯地平组,氨氯地平0.3～0.6 mg·kg-1·d-1连续给药8 w.通过Morris水迷宫、避暗行为学及病理学实验,观察氨氯地平对VD大鼠学习记忆的影响.结果 水迷宫实验中,氨氯地平组大鼠与模型组相比,第1天的游程明显缩短(P＜0.05),第5天的朝向角明显变小(P＜0.01),潜伏期、平均速度及第7天在2 min内穿越平台的次数、在平台区的逗留时间、在平台象限内的逗留时间、平台区象限内的游程占总游程的百分比、朝向角及平均速度均无显著差异,第3天及第5天寻找平台的策略由周边型、随机型转为趋向型、直线型增快(P＜0.05及P＜0.01);避暗试验中,氨氯地平组大鼠第2天的错误次数及错误潜伏期与模型组比无显著差异.病理结果显示,氨氯地平组皮层神经细胞数无明显减少,核固缩、深染的坏死神经细胞及嗜神经细胞现象较模型组减少,海马神经细胞数无明显减少,排列整齐,结构清晰,坏死细胞比模型组少,氨氯地平可减轻阻断双侧颈总动脉所致VD的病理变化.结论 长期应用氨氯地平可改善VD大鼠的学习记忆功能.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of long-term oral dose of Captopril on free radicals and related enzymes of mice cerebral tissue in order to give experimental basis for clinical use of captopril.METHODS:30 normal adult mice were divided into control group(water)and captopril group(captopril 11.08～14.92 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ).Both groups were given medicine for 14 weeks. Free radicals and the activity of related enzymes(MDA,SOD,GSH-Px,Na+-K+-ATP enzyme,Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP enzyme)in cerebral tissue were detected.RESULTS:Compared with control group,in captopril group the content of MDA decreased(P0.05),the activity of SOD,GSH-Px hadn't changed obviously.The activity of Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP enzyme and Na+-K+-ATP enzyme declined,but there was no statistical significance.CONCLUSION:Oral does of captopril for a long time can reduce free radicals and strengthen the antioxidant function of cerebral tissue,but it may damage the neuron membrane function of cerebral tissue.

Objective To explore the effect of captopril orally administered for long term on learning and memory function of normal mice in order to provide experiment base for clinical application of captopril.Methods Normal adult mice were divided control group and captopril group.The mice were administered with captopril (11.08—14.92 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 12 weeks. The effect of captopri on learning and memory was detected with Morris water maze,Avoiding dark,Step-down and cholinergic system (Ach content,AchE activity).Results Compared with control group.the latency,distance,average speed and starting angle of mice treated with captopril did not change significantly from the first day to the fourth day;the time in platform,time in platform quadrant,times passing platform ,distance in platform/total distance×100%,starting angle,and average speed also did not change significantly in the fifth day in Morris water maze (P0.05);the error times and the latency of mice treated with captopril did not decrease in the second day in Avoiding dark(P0.05),the error times of mice treated with captopril did not decrease in the first day and in the second day,the latency did not prolong in the second day in Step-down(P0.05).The biochemical results showed that the content of Ach in the brain was significantly increased (P0.01),the AchE content was also increased(P0.05) in mice treated with captopril compared with control group.Conclusion Taking captopril for a long time may promote the function of learning and memory in normal adult mice.

目的 探讨卡托普利对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠学习记忆的影响.方法 选用Wistar大鼠,采用永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉(2-VO)法制作VD动物模型,动物分为正常对照组、模型组及卡托普利组,卡托普利7.52～10.48 mg·kg-1·d-1连续给药8 w,通过Morris水迷宫、避暗行为学及病理学实验,观察卡托普利对VD大鼠学习记忆的影响.结果 与模型组比较,卡托普利组大鼠第1～6天到达平台的潜伏期及游程、朝向角、游泳速度无明显改变,第7天大鼠在2 min内穿越平台的次数、在平台区的逗留时间、在平台区象限的逗留时间及平台区象限内的游程占总游程的百分比、平均速度、朝向角无明显变化(P>0.05);与模型组比较,卡托普利组鼠第2天避暗的错误次数及错误潜伏期也无明显变化(P>0.05);卡托普利组大鼠大脑皮层、海马细胞无明显变化.结论 卡托普利对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆无明显影响.

目的 探讨刺五加注射液对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠是否有治疗作用.方法 结扎双侧颈总动脉16 w,制作大鼠VD模型,通过Morris水迷宫实验、跳台实验及皮层和海马病理,观察刺五加注射液对VD的影响.结果 与模型组比,刺五加注射液组大鼠水迷宫第3～6天达到平台的潜伏期明显缩短(P<0.05或P<0.01),第3天到达平台的游程明显缩短(P<0.05),第7天大鼠在2 min内穿越平台的次数明显增加(P<0.05),寻找平台的策略由边缘型、随机型转为趋向型、直线型明显增快(P<0.05或P<0.01),第1天、第2天跳台的错误次数明显减少(P<0.05),刺五加注射液明显减轻VD大鼠皮层及海马的病理变化.结论 刺五加注射液对VD大鼠有治疗作用.

Objective To explore the effect of donepezil hydrochloride on learning and memory function of normal under age rats,and provide experimental basis for clinical application of donepezil hydrochloride.Methods Fourty Wistar rats just away from galactic were divided into control group(n=20) and donepezil hydrochlorid group(n=20),donepezil hydrochloride was given to the rats in donepezil hydrochloride group(0.45 mg·kg-1,8 weeks),the effects of donepezil hydrochloride on space discrimination ability and passive avoidance ability of normal under age rats were detected with Morris water maze and Step-down behavior test.Results Compared with control group,the latency,distance,average speed and starting angle of rats treated by donepezil hydrochloride did not change significantly from the first day to the sixth day,the time in platform,time in platform quadrant,times passing platform,distance in platform / total distance×100% and average speed also did not change significantly in the seventh day in the Morris water maze(P>0.05);the error times of rats treated by donepezil hydrochloride did not decrease in the first day and in the second day,the latency did not prolong in the second day in Step-down behavior test(P>0.05).Conclusion Donepezil hydrochloride do not improve the learning and memory function of normal under age rats.