目的 探讨鳄嘴花对高脂饲料诱导的代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)模型小鼠TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路的影响.方法 将SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常组(10只)和造模组(43只),正常组给予普通饲料,造模组予高脂饲料喂养12周,建立MAFLD小鼠模型.造模成功后,将造模组小鼠随机分为模型组及鳄嘴花低、中、高(7.74、15.48、30.96g·kg-1)剂量组,每组10只.正常组、模型组给予灭菌水灌胃,鳄嘴花给药组按10 mL·kg-1给予相应剂量药液灌胃,每日1次,连续4周.检测各组小鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平;采用HE染色法观察肝脏组织病理变化;Real-Time PCR法及Western Blot法检测小鼠肝脏组织TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)mRNA及蛋白表达情况.结果 与正常组比较,模型组小鼠的体质量及血清ALT、AST、TC、TG 水平均显著升高(P＜0.01),肝脏组织中 TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-6 蛋白及mRNA表达均显著上调(P＜0.01).与模型组比较,鳄嘴花给药组小鼠的体质量及血清ALT、AST、TC、TG水平明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),肝脏组织中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-6蛋白及mRNA表达均显著下调(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 鳄嘴花能够改善MAFLD小鼠的脂质代谢及肝损伤,可能与其抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路的表达有关.

目的 通过分析门急诊处方,了解黄牛木叶中药饮片在广州中医药大学附属中山中医院的使用情况,为黄牛木叶的临床合理用药提供参考.方法 通过医院的HIS系统收集2019年门诊含有黄牛木叶的中药处方数据,从患者基本信息、科室分布、诊断、剂量、处方药味、用药频次等分析用药的基本规律.结果 使用黄牛木叶的患者男女比例大致相同,以41～60岁患者较多,占比41.62％,处方的味药以11～15味居多,科室分布,以肛肠科和肝胆脾胃科为最多,中医证型以温热内蕴为最多,在用药配伍上,黄牛木叶与茯苓是最常用的配伍,其次是甘草(炙甘草).结论 岭南特色中药黄牛木叶在医院门急诊的临床应用上总体合理.

Objective:To compare the effects of Liu Zijue and Whole-body breathing exercises on respiratory function in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and identify a better intervention protocol. Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was used. Sixty elderly patients with COPD on stable period were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. Both groups were given the same treatment and care. In addition, the experimental group was trained in Liu Zijue training, and the control group was trained in Whole-body breathing exercises. The training intensity was 1 time once a day, 30 minutes once a time, 5 days once a week, and continuous exercise for 12 weeks. The dyspnea symptoms, exercise ability and quality of life of both groups were evaluated and analyzed before and after training. Results:The MRC breathing difficulty score, 6 minutes walk distance (6 MWD), and SGRQ total score between the two groups had statistical significance before and after intervention (P＜0.01). The differences after the intervention between the two groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Compared with Whole-body breathing exercises, Liu Zijue is more conductive to improve the respiratory function of elderly patients with COPD, along with their activities and quality of life.

目的 观察痛泻要方破壁饮片对小鼠胃排空、小肠推进及转运的影响,并探讨痛泻要方影响胃肠道的作用机制.方法 采用酚红排空法观察痛泻要方破壁饮片不同剂量对小鼠胃排空、小肠推进以及小肠转运的影响.结果 痛泻要方破壁饮片各剂量组均能明显降低小鼠胃肠蠕动,减缓小鼠的小肠推进速度.与空白组相比,痛泻要方破壁饮片能够显著降低小鼠胃酚红排空率(P＜0.05),升高小鼠胃残留率(P＜0.05),降低小鼠小肠酚红推进率(P＜0.05),抑制小鼠小肠转运(P＜0.05),实验结果有显著性差异.结论 痛泻要方破壁饮片可有效抑制小鼠胃排空、小肠推进及小鼠小肠转运功能.

目的:观察丹芪通脉破壁饮片颗粒对apoE-/-小鼠血脂及氧化应激指标的影响,初步探讨其对主动脉粥样硬化的作用机制.方法:将40只apoE-/-小鼠以高脂饲料喂养8周构建动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型,随机分为模型组、饮片组、低浓度颗粒组、中浓度颗粒组、高浓度颗粒组,每组8只,另取8只C57BL/6雄性小鼠为空白对照组.饮片组以丹芪饮片煎剂12 g/(kg·d)灌胃,低浓度颗粒组、中浓度颗粒组及高浓度颗粒组分别以1.5、3、6g/(kg·d)浓度灌胃丹芪通脉破壁饮片颗粒,模型组和空白对照组灌胃等量生理盐水.空白对照组以普通饲料喂养,其余各组小鼠均以高脂高胆固醇饲料喂养.ELISA法检测血清血脂四项,检测主动脉组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)含量,HE染色观察小鼠胸主动脉管腔内粥样斑块.结果:与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠从第4周开始体质量显著升高,血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均显著升高,小鼠主动脉组织SOD和NO浓度显著下降,MDA浓度显著升高;各给药组小鼠TC、TG、LDL-C及HDL-C水平均显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05,P＜0.01).与模型组比较,从第4周开始,饮片组及各浓度颗粒组小鼠体质量显著减少,饮片组、中浓度颗粒组、高浓度颗粒组TC、TG、LDL-C、MDA水平均显著下降,主动脉组织SOD和NO浓度均显著升高,低浓度颗粒组SOD和NO浓度均显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05,P＜ 0.01).结论:丹芪饮片煎剂及丹芪通脉破壁饮片颗粒均具有改善血脂谱、减轻氧化应激及抗动脉粥样硬化等作用,疗效一致.

目的 研究鳄嘴花(CN)鲜榨汁及鲜药水提物对四氯化碳(CCl4)造成的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.方法 70只昆明种小鼠,雌雄各半,随机分成7组(n=10),正常组、模型组、联苯双酯组,低、高剂量鳄嘴花鲜榨汁组,低、高剂量鳄嘴花鲜药组,连续给药15d,末次给药2h后,除正常组腹腔注射花生油,其余各组均用0.1％ CCl4花生油溶液腹腔注射建小鼠急性肝损伤模型,禁食16h后取材测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)、肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及观察肝组织形态变化.结果 与CCl4模型组比较,各治疗组小鼠肝脏指数、血清ALT、AST水平不同程度降低(P＜0.01);肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px水平不同程度升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),MDA水平不同程度降低(P＜0.01);肝脏病理学检查显示,各治疗组均能不同程度的减轻肝细胞变性、坏死等.结论 鳄嘴花对四氯化碳诱导的急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与抗氧化作用有关.

Objective:To observe the effect of simulated eating movement training based on the principle of training and learning to stroke patients with hemiplegic upper limb on motor function and activities of daily living, so as to provide an economical, effective and easy rehabilitation nursing method for stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods:Sixty subjects were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 30 cases each group. All subjects received routine treatment and rehabilitation nursing, while the experimental group received simulated eating movement training every day and successfully completed the action 50 times a day for 3 months. The changes of Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FMA), Barthel Index (BI), clinical neurologic deficit scale (CNDS) about hemiplegic upper limb in the two groups were observed before test, 1 month after test and 3 months after test.Results:FMA score and BI about hemiplegic upper limb in the experimental group were significantly different compared with those in the control group (P<0.01) after 1 month and 3 month of test. There was no significant difference in the score of CNDS between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion:Simulated eating movement training can improve the motor function of stroke patients with hemiplegic upper limb and the self-care ability of stroke patients.

水松叶为杉科水松属植物水松Glyptostrobus pensilis 的叶,是我国传统中药,主要用于治疗风湿性关节炎,高血压、皮炎等[1].研究表明水松叶中含有丰富的槲皮苷等黄酮类化合物[2-3],黄酮类化合物具有防癌抗癌,抗肿瘤,消除自由基和抗氧化活性,抗心血管疾病等药理作用[4].目前,国家药典和各省中药材标准均没有收录水松叶药材,尚未见有文献报道水松叶的薄层色谱鉴别和高效液相色谱含量测定的方法,这影响了水松叶药材的质量管理和临床使用.本文以水松叶药材中槲皮素和山奈酚为指标成分作TLC鉴别,采用HPLC测定水松叶中槲皮素的含量,建立水松叶药材的质量控制方法,为水松叶的质量评估提供依据.

目的研究葛洪对附子的运用,为临床安全使用附子提供参考。方法对《肘后备急方》60条应用到附子的方剂进行分析,归纳总结葛洪应用附子的配伍特点、减毒方法及使用剂量。结果《肘后备急方》附子配伍精良,组方严谨;减毒方法归结为炮制、煎煮、配伍及制成丸剂缓和毒性;《肘后备急方》附子的用量则因剂型的不同而有所不同,总剂量膏剂较汤剂用量大,酒剂介于膏、汤剂之间,汤剂附子用量13.92~30 g,膏剂酒剂中附子虽总剂量较大,但日用量较小,值得注意的是,神明白膏方中附子用量高达30枚;丸剂散剂因药物以全质入药,故剂量应小,初略计算其日用量,结果丸剂附子用量范围为0.014~3.48 g,散剂用量范围为0.043~3.33 g,丸剂较散剂用量稍大。结论《肘后备急方》附子应用精当,颇具特色,值得后人学习与效仿。

目的:为进一步合理开发利用和研究鳄嘴花提供参考.方法:以"Clinacanthus nutans""鳄嘴花""忧遁草""青箭""化学成分""药理作用"等为关键词,组合检索1970年1月-2015年7月的PubMed、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库中有关鳄嘴花化学成分及药理作用的研究成果,并主要对鳄嘴花的药理作用进行整理.结果:共查阅到相关文献94篇,其中有效文献33篇.目前从鳄嘴花中分离鉴定的化合物包括甾醇类、三萜类、黄酮碳苷、含硫糖苷、脑苷类、叶绿素类、megastigmanes、benzenoids及生物碱类等,其具有抗病毒、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗菌及免疫调节等广泛的药理作用,且毒理研究表明其无毒副作用或毒副作用小.结论:由于鳄嘴花药理作用的多重性及其民间用药历史的悠久性,随着研究者对其化学成分及药理作用研究的深入,其作为药物应用将具有广阔的前景.

目的 研究蛇鳞草-大黄在3种不同载药载体中的经皮渗透吸收性能.方法 以离体鼠皮为透皮屏障,采用HPLC法进行含量测定,考察triphyllinA和大黄酸在3种不同载体中的单位面积累积透皮量、透皮速率及透皮时滞等药代动力学参数.结果 固体脂质纳米粒及水凝胶载体在24h内的单位面积累积透皮量较高,其中二指标成分在固体脂质纳米粒的单位面积透皮量均达25％以上,且透皮速率较大,透皮时滞较短.结论 与传统剂型相比,水凝胶和固体脂质纳米粒载体对药物有不同程度的促渗作用,其中固体脂质纳米粒促渗作用相对较佳,并具有缓释效果.

目的探讨熄风通脑胶囊对局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）含量的影响。方法健康斯泼累格·多雷（SD）大鼠120只,随机分为6组,假手术组、模型对照组,步长脑心通组,熄风通脑胶囊大剂量组,中剂量组和小剂量组。各组大鼠造模前进行预防性给药,步长脑心通组给予步长脑心通0.864 g·kg-1,熄风通脑胶囊大剂量组、中剂量组和小剂量组分别给予熄风通脑胶囊内容物3.456,1.720,0.864 g·kg-1,假手术组、模型对照组给予等体积纯化水,连续灌胃给药7 d,每天1次。末次给药后1 h,采用改良线栓法（MACO）制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤模型,假手术组只麻醉剥离不插入线栓;24 h后取脑,用酶联免疫法检测大鼠脑组织中TNF-α、IL-1β的含量。结果熄风通脑胶囊大剂量组、中剂量组和小剂量组TNF-α分别为（35.34±8.95）,（33.75±6.92）,（40.95±5.39）ng·L-1,IL-1β分别为（1.44±0.47）,（1.45±0.23）,（1.61±0.33）ng·L-1,步长脑心通组TNF-α、IL-1β分别为（38.96±9.84）和（1.56±0.31）ng·L-1,模型对照组分别为（52.74±6.76）和（2.79±0.45）ng·L-1,假手术组分别为（32.54±4.00）和（1.32±0.22）ng·L-1。模型对照组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β含量均明显高于假手术组（P＜0.05）。熄风通脑胶囊大剂量组、中剂量组和小剂量组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β含量降低（均P＜0.05）。结论熄风通脑胶囊可通过抑制脑组织TNF-α、IL-1β的升高,减轻缺血时炎性损伤,对脑缺血大鼠脑组织产生一定程度的保护作用。

脑卒中的发生发展与不良个性特征、情绪不稳定有着密切联系,脑卒中患者的个性特征可存在怎样的特殊性,对疾病的发生、发展以及病情的改善与预后可造成哪些影响,现将相关研究综述如下.

Objective:To explore the effect of Baduanjin's third part on quality of life, exercise tolerance and score of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) stable patients with lung and spleen deficiency syndrome.Methods:Sixty-four COPD stable patients with lung and spleen deficiency syndrome were randomly divided into control and experimental group of 32 cases. The control group received conventional treatment and health education, the experimental group received the third type exercise of Baduanjin besides conventional treatment and health education. Participants in experimental group were required to take this training for three months, 30 minutes per time every morning. Quality of life, exercise tolerance and score of TCM symptoms were recorded and analyzed before and after three months in the two groups.Results:After intervention, there was statistically significant between-group difference on CAT score, six minute walk distance (6MWD) and score of TCM symptoms (P<0.05), there was statistically significant within-group difference on CAT score, 6MWD and score of TCM symptoms in experimental group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Baduanjin's third part plays a positive role in improving quality of life and exercise endurance, as well as reducing the score of TCM symptoms of COPD stable patients with lung and spleen deficiency syndrome.

[目的]探讨概念图教学策略在《健康评估》课程中的应用及效果.[方法]抽取本校2012级220名护理本科学生,甲班110人为试验组(概念图教学组),乙班110人为对照组(传统教学组).试验组授课过程中教师采用概念图呈现的方式展示教学目标,并选择部分内容进行概念图授课,同时要求学生分组制作概念图;对照组采用传统教学模式.运用概念图态度问卷、中文版评判性思维倾向量表、护理学生自我导向学习能力量表、学生课程考试方法,分析、比较两种教学方法对学生健康评估的思维及学习能力的影响.[结果]两组学生总评成绩差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),试验组学生的综合题得分、优秀率(≥85分)优于对照组(P＜0.05);学生对概念图教学总体上持肯定态度;试验组评判性思维倾向总得分高于对照组(P＜0.05),寻求真理、思想开放、分析能力、求知欲、认知成熟度各维度得分高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);试验组自我导向学习量表总得分高于对照组(P.＜0.05),学习意识、学习策略、学习行为、学习评价各维度得分高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).[结论]在《健康评估》课程教学中应用概念图策略可有效改善学生的思维和学习能力.

目的:观察息风通脑胶囊对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法:采用改良线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,研究息风通脑胶囊对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠神经功能、脑梗死面积及组织病理学影响.结果:与模型对照组比较,息风通脑胶囊高剂量组的神经功能缺损评分能显著降低,低、中、高剂量组的脑梗死面积显著降低,息风通脑胶囊各剂量组对造模大鼠大脑病理改变均有一定的影响,其中息风通脑胶囊高剂量组效果最好,可见海马区退变神经元及神经细胞等病理损伤明显减少.结论:息风通脑胶囊能减轻脑缺血再灌注后的大鼠脑损伤.

目的 建立蛇黄凝胶的质量标准.方法 采用薄层色谱法对方中各药进行定性鉴别,采用HPLC对方中主药蛇鳞草中triphyllinA和大黄中大黄酸进行含量测定.结果 薄层色谱中特征斑点明显、重复性好、易于区别.triphyllinA在0.006 4～0.051 2 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为100.5％,RSD为1.6％(n=6);大黄酸在0.003 2～0.025 6 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为99.4％,RSD为1.1％(n=6).结论 所建立的方法简便、灵敏、准确、专属性强,可作为蛇黄凝胶的质量控制方法之一.

目的 建立蛇黄散(蛇鳞草、大黄、三角草、山芝麻和独行千里)的质量标准.方法 TLC法鉴定方中蛇鳞草、大黄、三角草、山芝麻;采用HPLC法测定三羽新月蕨苷A、大黄酸以及大黄素的量,色谱柱为Boston Green ODS C18 (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-甲醇-0.1％磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,体积流量1 mL/min,检测波长为226 nm.结果 薄层鉴别色谱中特征斑点明显,重复性较好.三羽新月蕨苷A在0.016～0.128 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r =0.999 9),平均回收率为100.5％,RSD为1.6％(n=6);大黄酸在0.008～0.064 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r =0.999 9),平均回收率为99.4％,RSD为1.1％(n=6);大黄素在0.012～0.096 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r =0.9999),平均回收率为99.3％,RSD为1.9％(n=6).结论 本法采用的HPLC流动相能改善三羽新月蕨苷A色谱峰拖尾现象.

目的 综述叶下珠质量控制研究现状.方法 通过查阅文献,进行归纳分析总结.结果 叶下珠在提取工艺、鉴别、含量测定等方面的研究取得了较大进展.结论 上述研究优化了提取工艺和质量控制,可作为叶下珠质量控制参考依据.

Objective To study the molding process of Shehuang Gel. Methods By experiment on percutaneous absorption in vitro,the content of percutaneous absorption in vitro of triphyllin A in Pronephrium triphyllum and rhein in rheum served as the key evaluation index,the amount of carbomer,azone and glycerin in Shehuang Gel were studied by orthogonal design. Results The content of azone had statistical significance( P 0. 05),and the content of carbomer and glycerin had no statistical significance. The optimal conditions determined as follows: 1. 7% carbomer 1% azone and 5% glycerin. Conclusion This optimized process of Shehuang Gel is simple and feasible,and the prepared gel exhibited fine consistency and moderate viscosity with stable quality.