为探索社区治理与建设的内生性路径,基于社区的共同体属性,研究提出"社区情绪"这一概念并就此讨论,可得出相关治理策略.社区情绪是指一定时期内社区居民的共享性心理体验,它源于社区居民所具有的共性互依的社区生活需要,通过居民间交往互动,经由情绪反应、情绪推理、情绪循环与强化等一系列心理过程而生成,为促进居民的社区认同提供了必要的情绪基础.从社区情绪的视角可以看到:一方面,居民基于对社区情绪的感受和理解,可通过情绪选择与表达推进社区参与,共享社区情绪建设的成果;另一方面,社区管理者基于对社区情绪的内涵与形成机制的把握,可通过制定社区情绪指标及其监测,关注与回应社区居民的现实需要,增强社区认同与凝聚力,疏导与培育社区情绪,引导正向社区情绪,化解消极社区情绪,从而提升社区治理效能.

职业康复是促进青年精神障碍者重返社会的有效路径.基于参与式观察和访谈,探讨职业康复与青年精神障碍者再社会化的过程及其影响因素.研究发现,职业康复通过学习技能知识、重构职业期待、重塑行为方式和转换自我认同,促进了青年精神障碍者的"再社会化".但管控性制度逻辑、区隔性污名文化、家庭支持匮乏制约着青年精神障碍者的社会融入.在职业康复过程中,管控性制度逻辑表现出维稳与安全的管控特征;区隔性污名文化体现为青年精神障碍者的自我污名化与社会性排斥;家庭支持匮乏导致家庭的经济与情感支持不足.这些因素共同影响青年精神障碍者的再社会化过程.研究为探索本土化的职业康复路径提供借鉴.

回顾产业空间基层单元治理理念的转型,梳理中国各地区产业社区的建设模式,基于对成都市2个产业社区营造过程和治理经验的案例分析,进一步讨论产业社区营造的主要维度和动力机制,以及精细化治理的影响因素.研究发现:(1)产业社区作为一种基于产业空间的基层治理单元,其建设在实践中呈现多样化模式;(2)产业社区的总体营造涉及组织创新、空间环境建设、服务供给和主体性成长等维度;(3)产业社区营造是在党建引领、政府配合、企业支持、居民参与下,多方共同协作的结果;(4)各产业社区的产业类型、人口特质、环境基础和自治基础等因素,决定了其营造的重点内容和精细化治理模式.

在当前社会治理模式深度转型、打造新时代共建共治共享治理格局的大背景下,社区社会资本的挖掘和培育是创新社会治理的重要手段.本文从"黏性"和"韧性"两个维度来分析社区社会资本,探讨社区社会资本在民族地区基层治理中的意义和价值.本研究基于云南和宁夏少数民族地区的调查数据并运用多层模型分析.结果显示,无论是表征社区共同体内部连接紧密程度的黏性社会资本,还是表征社区共同体应对风险和冲击的韧性社会资本,都能显著促进民族地区成员在基层政治选举上的参与度,提升对地方政府的信任度和对民族政策的积极评价.在微观层面上的"黏性"和"韧性"社会资本有助于提升社区成员的幸福感和居住安全感,弱化群际冲突认知.两种不同类型的社会资本在解释基层治理效能的不同面向上存在效应的差异性.此外,在少数民族聚居区、农村社区、信息媒介及社会组织资源丰富的社区中,社区社会资本含量更为丰富.由此可见,民族地区社会治理应该更多挖掘民族地区社会资本,激发民族地区基层治理内生动力,不断提升民族地区基层社会治理水平,切实增强各民族群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感.

"去机构化"和建构社区共同体,是应对"生物—医疗"精神康复模式诸多弊端的有效途经.但是在中国语境中,文化的不契合性成为阻碍建构社区精神康复共同体的因素.研究运用参与观察和访谈法,对某市实施近十年的社区精神康复实践项目进行分析,探讨该项目从最初倡导多主体参与和多元化职业康复模式的"去机构化"构想,到服务单一、对象同质性、多样职业康复弱化的"再机构化"的演变过程,以及其中的文化影响因素.研究从制度文化和社会文化两方面分析文化契合性的重要性,在社区精神康复实践中,制度文化表现出管控性较强和服务性不足;社会文化出现区隔性社区文化与家长权威制文化并存,它们阻碍了社区精神康复共同体公共性的形成.研究的意义在于提出在中国语境中,精神康复实践"去医学化"遇到的阻力及可改善的途经,以及文化契合性对中国实施"去机构化"社区精神康复的重要性及其在社区治理中具有功能性.

网络道德事件是网络群体事件的重要类型,是指网民对发生在他人身上的事件进行道德和价值判断,进而产生出网络集体行动的事件.网络道德事件不同于为个人利益、内群体利益或自我文化信念进行抗争的传统网络事件,它具有由社会认知引发集体行动的典型社会心理特征.本文借鉴道德心理学及不确定性认同理论,采用参与观察法对一例网络道德事件进行分析,研究网络中人们的不确定性认知如何被情绪启动、形成直觉性道德判断并导致网络极端行为的过程.研究发现,在高不确定性的网络信息环境中,青年网民具有迫切减少不确定性认知的动机.同时,网络意见权威通过文字和视频等传播方式,运用带有强烈情绪色彩的描述向青年网民提供看似具有"确定性"的信息,以迎合网民减少认知不确定性的需求.网民在此过程中,被启动出与意见权威期待相同的情绪直觉式道德判断,随之形成群体认同及内群体共识,进而促发网络极端暴力行为.本研究细致区分了网络道德事件不同发展阶段中的信息不确定性程度,分析了网络意见权威如何通过情绪驱动和制造"确定性"信息来影响青年网民的过程,进一步证明了"直觉在前、推理在后"的道德判断以及极端群体认同研究在网络心理研究中的应用意义,也为实际的网络舆论管理工作提供了操作化建议.

全球危机带来的不确定性,会引发极端群体心理,如民粹主义,如危机中的高总统支持率.本研究从群体心理角度发现,不确定情境激发人们寻找特定自我认识、获取认知安全感的深层心理动机,使人们通过去个人化、认同和区隔的群体认同机制,获得自我与群体原型的联结,进而表现出追逐边界清晰、规范明确、结构严密的实体性群体,追随威权式领导以及寻求外部系统控制补偿.这些极端群体认同行为的出现具有边界条件,即对边缘化和被排斥感的感知.这一视角对研究全球危机及宏观社会中的群际关系、社会心态等具有现实意义.未来研究应集中在不确定性如何通过社会认同影响社会心态,以及如何利用外在制度、社会和文化系统弱化不确定性的消极心理后果等.

Carbon financial futures have both the characteristics of commodity futures and environmental protection and its price is affected by many factors. It is hard and complex for traditional analysis methods to get precise prediction results effectively. How to effectively predict the price trend of carbon financial futures has been focused on by both academia and traders. This study addresses the high prediction error of European allowance (EUA) futures price by constructing a novel approach by combining the support vector machine (SVM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. This article introduces a parameters optimization method, which provides the best parameters for SVM to improve the prediction performance of the EUA futures price. Furthermore, this research uses the realistic trading dataset containing 30,762 EUA futures closing prices to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the PSO-SVM prediction model. The empirical results show that the prediction performance of the model, especially the radial kernel function, is significantly improved. And this approach can determine the parameters according to the characteristics of the dataset and input the parameters for training and prediction automatically. The PSO-SVM algorithm can effectively predict extreme price fluctuations and overcome the problem of high prediction error caused by parameter constraints.

Previous studies have confirmed that poor living conditions can lead to a wide range of health problems. However, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, vulnerable groups in unstable housing are more susceptible to disease. This study aims to systematically examine the housing and health problems of vulnerable groups using a bibliometric approach to explore how housing causes health problems, types of health illnesses, and coping strategies. It is found that the poor housing mechanism, persistent inequalities, and poor housing environments have a significant impact on the health of vulnerable groups. Therefore, the government must make concerted efforts across all sectors to ensure that the housing and health care needs of vulnerable groups are improved, and that housing security standards and related policies are improved; targeted safety plans are formulated with community as the carrier, taking into account the characteristics of vulnerable groups; and new information technology is widely used to provide medical convenience for vulnerable groups. It is hoped that the research in this paper can arouse social attention to the health of vulnerable groups and improve their health from the perspective of housing, so as to point out the direction for solving the housing health problems of vulnerable groups in the future.

In 20 years, housing reform in China has transformed its urban housing system from housing welfare into a housing market, which has led to a unique housing stratification. Traditionally, housing status is considered an important indicator of social stratification while studies of residents’ social satisfaction also consider housing status and stratification as important factors. Using national data from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences–National Institute of Social Development, this paper investigates the status of urban household housing and its impact on individuals’ social satisfaction. Latent Class Analysis method was used to identify four housing strata from multiple dimensions and analyze the social satisfaction among these strata. The results show that variables such as the type of residential community, housing status, housing assets, and household income have significant impact on urban households’ social satisfaction. In particular, family income and number of housing units show a clear U-shaped characteristic curve. Latent Class Analysis shows that the housing strata of urban households can be divided into top, middle, sandwiched, and poor classes. Analyses of variance show that different housing strata have different attitudes about those social dimensions, and the sandwiched housing class’s social satisfaction is relatively low compared with other housing strata.

风险社会的来临叠加特大城市的治理挑战,使得特大城市的公共卫生安全重要性愈发凸显.特大城市中的公共卫生安全风险高、管控难,系统治理的复杂性高,而基层治理对于公共卫生安全风险的事前预防和事中应对都发挥着重要作用.基于此次抗击新冠肺炎疫情中北京、上海和武汉三个特大城市社区防疫的工作经验,分析梳理大城市的基层治理在应对突发性公共卫生事件时的常规手段、升级办法和非常规举措三类治理措施.未来在完善特大城市公共卫生安全风险应对方面,可在加强与角色匹配的能力建设、利用新技术手段提升应对能力、针对治理目标完善流程预案、提升精细化防控能力等方面进一步改进.

A seismic change in the residential pattern is emerging in rural China today: traditional rural houses have been rapidly erased from the face of the countryside with large numbers of peasants being relocated to modern high-rise buildings. This process of “peasant elevation” has had a monumental impact on rural China. It redefines the entitlement to land use by the rural citizenry and negotiations for a new regime of property rights concerning land administration, while, most importantly, it undermines the position of the local state in rural China, whose authority is an aggregation of three distinctive elements: coercive power inherent in the state apparatus, control over economic resources, and resonance with local morality. Based on original data collected in Chongqing, Nantong and Dezhou, this paper argues that the comprehensive uprooting of the Chinese peasantry from the land and the resulting complications have caused moral disorientation among the relocated peasants and fragmentation of local authority. The difficulty in establishing community identity in the new setting has further undermined local governance. This may in turn trigger a wave of social and political tensions that may eventually turn out to be a major political challenge to the regime for years to come.

社会心理学中独立使用质性方法的研究成果近年来日益受到关注,并且,对于以实验法为主流方法的社会心理学研究者来说,使用质性文本资料的分析来提升理论发现仍充满挑战.本文以三个个案研究中摸索到的分析文本的策略和经验为例,讨论社会心理学质性研究资料分析如何通过维度提取、类型发现以及过程建构提炼理论原型的具体方法,进而也展示并总结质性研究所具有的若干优势视角及其对学术积累做出贡献的可能性.

会所模式是近年来从国外发展而来的一种精神康复新模式.在中国本土化的过程中又衍生出了新特点.在整个会所康复的过程中,社会工作价值伦理贯穿始终.精神康复的效果如何,不仅取决于工作者的专业知识和技巧,更多取决于工作者处理伦理问题的能力如何.文章以长沙心翼会所为例,从建立信任关系、确定问题以及效果评估三个阶段去探讨分析精神康复社会工作中专业价值伦理的运用情况,来增强康复优势,提升案主的幸福感.

The concept of social mentality refers to a macroscopic social mood, including emotional tones as well as social consensuses and social values, diffused through the whole society or through social groups. It is homogeneous but not equal to the simple sum of individual mentalities in society (Yang 2006). In this sense, the study of social mentality is neither about the individual psychological mechanism nor is it about pure macroscopic social facts, but rather about exploring the process of the mutual construction of individual mentality and society. In previous mainstream studies, social psychology was understood as a “behavioral science”. These studies focus more on how individual behaviors are influenced by the environment, seldom considering possible co-variations of the environment and the individual and ignoring the “social science” property of social psychology (Moscovici 2011). Such a perspective emphasizing the individual is not suitable for the study of social psychology. Actually this individualized perspective has been questioned by social psychologists and continuously revised in respective fields.

In the process of rapid urbanization, the Chinese have seen the disappearance of a large number of villages and the emergence of ‘village-turned-community’. Many peasants move into newly built communities and become new urbanites. Based on fieldwork and a questionnaire survey, this research finds that these new urbanites are actually a new type of urban migrants, who must adjust to the transition in terms of self-identification and their community. Compared with migrant workers and landless peasants in the suburbs, residents in ‘village-turned-community’ are slower to accept the label of ‘new urbanites’.

Since urban land development launched in 1987, urban land transactions and local land leasing revenue have exploded sharply in China. Classical research on urban land use and urbanization often focuses on making decisions and enacting policies of zoning and land use regulations. Scholars from different disciplines have long been aware of this issue and have attempted to account for it with different theories of urbanization. This paper considers urbanization and the associated spatial interaction effect as an alternative factor in China's urban land revenue. After reviewing the existing literature on China's land reform, a dynamic panel data model with GMM estimator is established to explore the reasons for the emerging land revenue. The empirical results show that the spatial weight matrix is significant to the land leasing revenue, and the provincial level of fiscal decentralization has negative effect on the volume of urban land leasing revenue. These empirical results demonstrate that local governments have the intrinsic motivation to maximize the land leasing revenue, which is significant to expand local optional revenues. The province having higher urbanization level usually experiences the larger scale of urban land revenue. The spatial interaction effect among adjacent provinces has a significant effect on urban land revenue which is closely associated with local economic growth. However, it is essential to know that the large scale of rural land conversion and disordered urbanization force negative payoffs, such as environmental degradation, the damage of farmland, and the problem of food safety.

This article examines the division of housing class in the context of Chinese society since the market-oriented housing reform in 1998. Based on data from a recent study, this paper examines three housing classes and their housing situation in four of China's major urban centers. The results of a multivariate analysis on housing ownership among the three housing classes show that apart from some socioeconomic factors similar to those in the West, institutional factors, such as the hukou system and resident status, are also significant. The results imply that limited housing choices may have caused over privatization and, to certain extent, a single urban housing system. This could lead to conflict among people in various housing classes, as a response to the inequality in the urban housing market.