在中外音乐交流的整个语境中,中俄音乐交流有着特殊的历史脉络和研究路径,以中俄音乐交流过程中的交流史、音乐家与作品、音乐理论与音乐教育等为对象,学术研究活动和相关成果所构成的文献史,也反应出中俄音乐交流的发展趋势和存在问题.本文强调音乐交流的研究应注重"交流"本身的双向属性,其研究应在学界扎实的资料、丰富的分析基础上,加入跨文化反思.

目的 了解创设问题情景示教在中医护理技术临床带教中的应用效果.方法 选取2017年6月—2019年2月于西安交通大学第二附属医院实习的延安大学西安创新学院四年级实习护生74名,其中2017学年的37名作为对照组,2018学年的37名作为观察组,实习前对照组采用传统示教,观察组进行创设问题情景示教,示教结束即开始6周的中医护理临床实习,比较两组护生的中医护理技术理论和操作考核成绩、批判性思维能力.结果 观察组中医护理理论成绩和操作成绩、批判性思维能力总分和寻找真理、开放思想、分析能力、系统化能力、求知欲及认知成熟度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 创设问题情景示教应用于中医护理技术临床带教前能提升护生中医护理技术的理论知识和操作能力,提高护生评判性思维能力及教学效果,值得推广.

在西医院校中，绝大部分的教学内容是西医课程，中医课程对于学生来说既不重视，也常常因为课程短暂，没有引起足够的学习兴趣，最终不能很好地通过学习掌握中医基本的思想理论及诊疗思路。本文通过对中医教学方法改进的探讨，希望寻找一条合适的、有效的教学方法，以增加西医院校中中医课程对学生的吸引力，培养学生的兴趣。

目的 探讨健康教育互动模式在输卵管阻塞性不孕患者中的应用效果.方法 将221例输卵管阻塞性不孕患者依诊治顺序分为观察组(113例)和对照组(108例),观察组采用评估、个体教育、操作示教、出院指导、电话随访、集体教育为一体的健康教育互动模式,对照组采用传统健康教育方式.结果 观察组坚持灌肠、遵医嘱用药、按时复诊和疾病知识方面的依从性优于对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);干预后1年内,观察组疗效总有效率和宫内妊娠率高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 健康教育互动模式可有效提高输卵管阻塞性不孕患者的治疗依从性及宫内妊娠率.

The sustainable development is 'such a development that is achieved on the premise of not damaging the further generations' resourc base for their development demand'.Its aims are the intergeneration equality.Therefore,a rational and reasonable allocaton of natural resources on which human being have been relied for the previous generations is the essence and central theme of sustainable development,and it is also the inevitable course of realizing sustainable development.This paper analyzes the two patterns of resources intergeneration allocation of human society by using the Edge Worth Box in microeconomics.A basic train of thought of realizing reasonable and ideal intergeneration resources allocation.that is,establishing an entirely new value criterion and decision-making model to develop rationally,use sentificly and save as much as possiblly the natural resources,and taking the accounting of natural resources into consideration of accounting system of national economy to set up a green account of national economy.

公平是社会经济持续发展的基础和保障,是社会经济关系和谐的核心和根本。目前,公平失衡、发展失调等问题日益突出,这些问题又可能产生多方面的负面影响。构建和谐社会需要重新审视公平和效率的关系,需要更加注重社会公平。

为了确立和落实以人为本,全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观,我们必须正确认识人口、资源、环境与经济的辩证关系及作用机理,摒弃唯经济效益观,树立全面效益观;变革"经济人"假设,确立"生态人"观念;建立人口、资源、环境与经济灵敏协调的自组织系统;走出"GDP"崇拜,树立新的政绩观,以科学的发展观促进人口、资源、环境与经济的协调发展.

Industry standard is related to the labour division of a nation in the international industry chain, is also concerned with a nation's essential benefit. In the information economy world,this issue is becoming more and more important. Standard can help improve competitive edge,reduce uncertainty and transaction cost. In China,the enterprises have no strong consciousness of standard, their ability of technical RD is too weak and they found themselves in a difficult position. The reason of these include that our standard policy follows convention,we have no profound understanding of the international rules concerning benefit and we have not enough investment. Through an analysis of its economic implication and China's awkward situation in this issue,this paper puts forward some political proposals including strengthening the planning of standard strategy,quickening the step to make control regulations,giving play to the roles of both government and trade union in establishing the standard.

Based on the brief introduction of the theory of positional consumption and the theoretical analysis of the Chinese residents' consumption, this paper builds a model of time and space and testifies positively the existence of the Chinese residents' positional consumer behavior by using the chronological series data and intersectional data. And, then, through an analysis of dual effect of positional consumption the paper puts forward some suggested policies guiding consumer behavior.

Based on China's reality and the global trend of information, the 16th CPC National Congress clearly put forward the new-type industrialization concept. China's information is to be carried out under the condition of the immature industrialization. To accomplish information, we have to attach much importance to these initial conditions such as the relatively backward and multilayer productivity, which not only embodies in agriculture but also in industry and information industry; the irrational industry structure in which tertiary industry still plays a small role and agriculture and manufacturing industry are still dominate the niches; backward economic system and mechanism which are reflected as monopoly and high entry barriers in certain areas and in these areas competitive mechanism is never allowed to play a due role; inadequate culture evolution reflecting in that credit relationship is not established yet which is critical to the Internet-based information society; imperfect rules and policies including related credit regulations and laws, financial regulations and laws, privacy protection policy, intellectual property protection laws; the lower and unbalanced level of education which not only reflects in primary education but also in information education, and unbalance mainly reflecting in gap between city and rural areas, the east and the west of China. A survey of national information level also shows that there is not a single west province ranking among the first 10, but the last 4 are all the west provinces. To avoid unfavorable path dependence, therefore, the author suggests some aspects worthy to be considered for governments' reference in making decision. Firstly, government should heighten their awareness, have a long plan for the future and take full consideration of differences between China and western developed countries. Secondly, they should make full use of market mechanism in resource allocation, lay stress on the key points and give full play to comparative advantage. Thirdly, they should make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages and appropriately deal with three relations, these relations are: the relation between development of hi-tech industry and traditional industry, the relation between capital-intensive industry and labor-intensive industry, the relation between the introduction of foreign advanced information technology and China's independent development. Thus, a smooth progress of information can be achieved.

Information pollution is threatening the network ecological environment.Four factors contribute to the infor mation pollution: characteristics of information.characteristics of networks,non-uniformity of technology development and ethics development,and the lack of proper,global management rules and regulations. The degree of information pollution is determined by three multipliers,which are the number of information source,network location of information and the num ber of people who read the information (readers propensity for information).Therefore in dealing with information pollution problems that the three multipliers is involved should first be settled.

在我国信息化推进的过程中,需要总结工业化发展过程中的历史经验和教训,认真思考网络社会与传统社会的差别,研究我国信息化的初始条件及其路径选择,积极调整文化教育、法律制度和政府行为方式,进行制度创新,以应对信息化的挑战.

政府失灵和市场失灵都与各自主体信息的完整性及对称性紧密相关.要改善政府宏观调控,就要对政府进行信息化改造,对于中国而言,制度创新是其前提,这些制度创新包括政府形态创新、组织制度创新、信息制度创新、管理制度创新和法律制度创新.

经济全球化所形成的新的国际分工和国际产业格局为各国产业结构调整提供了现实依据;发展劳动密集型产业的困惑和传统国际贸易理论的局限决定了中国参与全球化必须以"前景产业"为导向;十六大提出的"新型工业化道路"和"产业结构总体框架"明确了我国前景产业的发展方向,而且从当今和未来看,信息产业、环保产业、教育产业确实在全球化中前景广阔,潜力无限,能够成为我国参与全球竞争的主导产业.

经济全球化就其实质而言是全球利益和资源的重新分配,发达国家追求全球扩张以及寻求释放外部性成本空间的欲望,发展中国家参与全球竞争以及谋求生存与发展的压力,加速了各国对自然资源的竞争和利用,也使越界负外部性日益增加,全球环境更加恶化并陷入困境.而越界污染的无主治理、发达国家的言行不一、发展中国家的无能为力和两类国家的矛盾冲突是全球环境困境的主要根源.因此,正视现实、寻求合作、遏制贪欲、各执其责是人类面临的现实选择.

Credit is the soul of electronic business. Without the support of credit, electronic business is unlikely to gain substantial progress. The essay writers advance that the large gap in the electronic business between China and developed countries lies in barrier of credit rather then in technology. As a result, reconstruction of the credit system is a major subject for development of China's electronic business.