从信息医学的观念与方法出发,可以贯通中医生理学、病理学与诊疗学,形成一个完整的知识体系.中医生理学方面,有三个核心概念即脏腑、经络、气血,它们彼此非线性关联,形成一个生命信息网,气化、运化与疏泄是其三大机制.中医病理学方面,各生理机制运行正常,机体平衡,属于健康状态;运行异常,便导致中医病理学的虚、瘀、毒病变,使机体失衡,进入疾病状态.中医诊疗学方面,运用八纲辨证、气血津液辨证、脏腑辨证、经络辨证、三焦辨证、卫气营血辨证等辨识方法,能够分层次判断机体状态,并为选择治疗方向提供依据;补泻是治疗的两个基本方向,直指序参量阴阳(气血),目的是补虚祛瘀,而调作为祛毒之法,发挥居间辅助作用.

After analyzing current different understandings on the theory of "spleen taking charge of energy of long summer", the author put forward the essential connotation that the spleen is a self-balanced regulation system based on time, and the spleen mainly regulates the body in long summer. The spleen is exteriorly-interiorly related to the stomach. The spleen governs ascending and the stomach governs descending, which actually summarizes the function of the whole digestive system. The spleen and stomach co-keep the self-balanced condition for the body, through the coordination of receiving and transportation, ascending and descending, dryness and dampness. The spleen is respon-sible for transportation and transformation, ascending of the clear, with a preference for dryness and aversion to dampness, which is regarded as Taiyin wet earth, corresponding with dampness in the long summer. The stomach governs receiving and descending, with a preference for moistness and aversion to dryness, which is considered to be the Y angming dry earth. In the long summer, spleen deficiency due to dampness retention may lead to hypo-func-tions of transporting and transforming, ascending of the clear; stomach excess thanks to the help of moistness and heat may lead to relative hyper-functions of receiving and decomposing food, as well as descending. The functional condition of spleen deficiency and stomach excess duo to abundant dampness in the long summer plays a dominant role in regulation on their own system and other four zang-organs; in other seasons, the functions of spleen and stomach are in a subordinate state assisting or inhibiting other four zang-organs, in pace with time, to keep balanced condition for the body, through their characteristics of nourishing and transforming. Due to spleen deficiency and stomach excess in the long summer, manifestations of the body are hyper-function of digestion and hypo-function of absorption, and may easily lead to problems in the digestive system, such as abdominal distension and loose stool. Correct understanding on the essential connotation of "spleen taking charge of energy of long summer" has an impor-tant significance on the pathology, diagnosis, prevention, healthcare and treatment of seasonal attacks in the digestive system.

Objective: To observe the lung tissue of the seasonal changes of melatonin receptors,in-depth reveal 'the lung corresponding with autumn' the regulation mechanism.Methods: The ELISA method to detect male wister melatonin receptor in rat lung tissue from two points two seasonal variations.Results: ① melatonin receptor in rat lung tissue content of the four seasons physiological group Equinox,Winter Solstice and the Autumnal Equinox comparison,were significantly different(P0.05);②operation(removal of the pineal gland model group) Comparison of the summer solstice and the vernal equinox there was significant difference(P0.05),the winter solstice and the vernal equinox of comparison,there was a significant difference(P0.01);③ Four Seasons pseudo-operation group,Equinox,Autumnal Equinox,Winter Solstice and Summer Solstice comparison,there was significant difference(P0.01),Autumnal Equinox,Winter Solstice and Vernal Equinox of comparison,there was a significant difference(P0.01);④ comparison between the three groups the same season,Autumnal Equinox,the surgical group were significantly higher than the physiological melatonin receptor group.There was a significant difference(P0.05),physical group and the sham-operated group,no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion: 'The lung corresponding with autumn' immune regulation mechanism of melatonin receptor in lung tissue of seasonal changes,the pineal gland in the 'Lung corresponding with autumn' the process of immune regulation plays an important high regulatory role.

<正>实验中医学基础,是由我校刘燕池教授开辟的教育部基础学科人才培养基地的重点建设项目和特色课程。它自1999年开课以来,已历经十年。在此期间完成了从无到有,从不规范到日益成熟的过程。本文将从以下几

纵观中医学理论体系,从基础理论之阐释到临床各科的应用,气化理论无不反映于方方面面并贯穿于始终,大凡中医学生理、生化不明之变化,病机、病证难以阐明之机转,均以气化正常与否释之.从中医理论或临床界的实践需求和中医学理论体系发展来看,气化学说十分重要,不可或缺,急亟整理发展,确有深入研究之必要.

objective To discuss the immunological connotation of modulating mechanism of corresponding to autumn,and to provide new ideas for the essence of Zangxiang and experimental basis to the cognition of pathology and physiology mechanism for seasonal attack of respiratory system diseases.Method we adopted pinealectomized rats model to measure rats index of spleen and thymus on vernal equinox and autumnal equinox( using weighting method),T lymphocyte transformation rate of spleen(using MTT assay), alveolar macrophages phagocytosis(using phagocytosis of chicken erythrocytes), IFN-γ in BALF(using ELISA assay), IL-10 in the lung tissues(using RIA).Results ① The indexes of spleen and thymus in the normal group and the sham operated group were lower on equinox than on vernal equinox with significant differences. The indexes of spleen and thymus in the model group showed no significant differences between equinox and vernal equinox.② T lymphocyte transformation rate of spleen in all three of the groups were lower on equinox than on vernal equinox with the remarkable differences (P0.01). T lymphocyte transformation rates of spleen in the sham operated group and the model group were obviously higher than in the normal group in the same season (P0.01). ③ The alveolar macrophages phagocytosis in the normal group was obviously lower on equinox than on vernal equinox with the significant differences.The differences on vernal equinox and equinox were disappeared in the sham operated group and the model group.④ IFN-γ levels in BALF in the normal group were slightly lower on equinox than on vernal equinox without the significant differences.They were slightly higher on autumnal equinox than on vernal equinox in the sham operated group and the model group without the significant differences. ⑤ IL-10 levels of lung tissues in the normal group were slightly lower on equinox than on vernal equinox without the significant differences.They were slightly higher on autumnal equinox than on vernal equinox in the sham operated group without the significant differences.They were slightly lower on equinox than on vernal equinox in the model group without the significant differences.Conclusions ① The seasonal rhythm of lower in and higher in spring is exist in the immune function in lung and body. It may be one of the pathology and physiology bases for respiratory system diseases frequently-occurring in autumn.② Pineal gland play a certain role in modulating the seasonal rhythm of immunity.③ The essence of corresponding to autumn is that the modulate ability of immune function in body and lung is lower in autumn.Pineal gland-Melatonin is one of the intermediary material of the lung immunity seasonal rhythm changes.

目的:探讨心包经的动力机制.方法:采用两极脉冲式经络测量法对人体心包经的导电性进行了系统定量分析.结果:实验经脉线与心包经的古典定位描述一致;经脉线近心端导电性强于远心端,非关节处导电性强于关节处;经穴导电量分布有峰谷变化;经脉电特性与神经生理和心理特质关联.提示:实验经脉线本身具有整体性,且与脏腑相关;经脉电活动呈现方向、强度、节奏等动力学特征.为经络研究奠定了更为可靠的基础.

时间生物学（chronobio1ogy）是研究生物现象与时间相互关系的科学。在自然界中，从最简单的单细胞生物到人类的生命活动均呈现节律性，具有周期和振幅等特征。《子午流注针经》为我国现存最早较完整的时间针灸学专著。古希腊哲学家Aristotle在其著作中描述了动物活动的周期性，Hippocrates在其著作中也有关于医疗和季节关系的描述。跨时区旅行的Jet-Lag、“三班倒”等问题均引起学者对生物节律研究的兴趣。有些科学家还从某些生物活动是按时间的变化而进行的事实，得出了“生物体的活动具有时间上的周期性的节律”这个推论。

Objective To study the regulatory mechanism of kidney corresponding with through the observation of the seasonal changes of melatonin receptor.Method The radioligand saturation method was used to detect the changes of maximal combination(Bmax) value and dissociation constant(Kd value) of melatonin receptor of sex gland axis in winter and in summer in male SD rats.Results Bmax values of melatonin receptor of hypothalamus and pituitary in the normal group were both high in winter and low in summer(P0.05,P0.05),while Kd values of melatonin receptor of them were also high in winter and low in summer(P0.05,P0.01).In the pineal gland removed group,Bmax values of melatonin receptor of hypothalamus and pituitary were higher than those of the normal group in winter(P0.01,P0.01),and Bmax value of melatonin receptor of hypothalamus was higher than that of the normal group in summer(P0.01).Kd values of melatonin receptor of hypothalamus and pituitary in the pineal gland removed group were higher than those in the normal group in winter and in summer(P0.01,P0.01).Bmax value and Kd value of melatonin receptor could not be detected in testicle.Conclusion The regulatory mechanism of kidney corresponding with is related with the seasonal changes of melatonin receptor,and the pineal gland plays an important role in the process of regulation.

就当前关于肺应秋理论的不同认识,采用理论研究方法和发生学方法相结合,适当选用现代有关实验研究结果及流行病学研究结果进行综合分析阐述.从理论上提出肺应秋的本质内涵为:肺是机体应时而变在秋季起主要调节作用的时间调节系统.肺在当旺的秋季,其肃降功能增强,并且处于支配地位,发挥着对自身肺系统及其他四脏重要的调控作用.而在其他季节则处于从属地位,协助或抑制其他四脏以维持机体应时而变的调节稳态.而肺在秋季宣发卫气津液护卫肌表能力相对低下,表现为机体免疫力降低,易发呼吸系统疾病.并指出正确理解肺应秋的本质内涵对认识临床呼吸系统季节性发病的病理、诊断、预防养生与治疗,都具有指导意义.

提出“肺应秋”的本质内涵在于机体应时而变的自稳调节，肺是机体在秋季起主要调节作用的自稳时间调节系统。肺在当旺的秋季，其肃降功能增强，并且处于支配地位，发挥着对自身肺系统及其他四脏重要的调控作用。而在其他季节则处于从属地位，协助或抑制其他四脏以维持机体应时而变的调节稳态。肺在秋季宣发卫气津血护卫肌表能力相对低下，表现为机体免疫力降低，易发呼吸系统疾病。正确把握“肺应秋”的本质内涵有利于指导临床用药。

Objective:To research the effects of the resection of pineal gland on immunologic function of the lung in rats,and explore adjusting effects of pineal gland on immunologic function of the lung.Methods:The model was made by adopt the operation of the resection of pineal gland,and determined the contents of IFN-γ and IL-6 in BALF and MT in the lung tissue.Results:The contents of MT in rats'lung tissues of resectional pineal gland group were prominently increased than those of control group(P<0.01).The contents of IFN-γ in rats'BALF of negative injury group and resectional pineal gland were significantly increased than those of control group(P<0.05),but the change of IL-6 was not significant.Through relevant analysis,the author discovered there was prominent negative interrelation between IL-6 and IFN-γ in BALF of control group,and there were not prominent interrelation on other index.Conclusion: By experiment,confirmed that the melatonin was a kind of stress hormone,the pineal gland changed normal interrelation between and IFN-γ by the way of dynamic state,thus affected immunologic function of the lung.

提出“肺应秋”的本质内涵在于机体应时而变的自稳调节,肺是机体在秋季起主要调节作用的自稳时间调节系统。肺在当旺的秋季,其肃降功能增强,并且处于支配地位,发挥着对自身肺系统及其他四脏重要的调控作用。而在其他季节则处于从属地位,协助或抑制其他四脏以维持机体应时而变的调节稳态。肺在秋季宣发卫气津血护卫肌表能力相对低下,表现为机体免疫力降低,易发呼吸系统疾病。正确把握“肺应秋”的本质内涵有利于指导临床用药。

分析了当前关于“肺主气”的不同学术见解。从机体自稳调节角度提出“肺主气”包含了“肺调气”思想,认为肺气对人体之气的调节是“肺主气”的主要功能,包括对元气、宗气、营卫之气、脏腑之气等的生成和运行的调节过程;“肺调气以应秋”的实质是机体自稳调节,是人类长期适应自然环境所形成的一种避免自然伤害、保存自身生机的有效调节反应机制,具有免疫学基础。

目的通过观察睾丸卵泡刺激素（FSH）受体的季节性变化,揭示“肾应冬”的调控机制.方法采用放射性配基饱和法,测定雄性SD大鼠睾丸FSH受体的最大结合量（Bmax）和解离常数（Kd值）的冬夏变化.结果连续2年冬夏正常组SD大鼠睾丸FSH受体Bmax均呈现明显的夏高冬低,2001年P＜0.05,2002年P＜0.01;冬夏正常组SD大鼠睾丸FSH受体Kd值也呈现明显的夏高冬低,2001年P＜0.05,2002年P＜0.01.在松果腺摘除的情况下,手术组与正常组相比,冬至组睾丸FSH受体的Bmax（P＜0.01）和Kd值（P＜0.01）均显著升高.冬夏睾丸FSH受体原本存在的明显季节差异消失.结论 “肾应冬”调控机制与松果腺对生殖激素受体的季节性高位调节密切相关.

目的:探讨中医“肺应秋”免疫学调节机制与褪黑素的相关性。方法:采用松果腺切除动物模型,从血清和肺脏两方面观察大鼠褪黑素的春秋二季变化状况。结果:(1)正常组大鼠血清MT在春分时非常明显低于手术组,P<0.01,而秋分时正常组大鼠血清MT非常明显低于伪手术组和手术组,P<0.01;正常组大鼠肺组织MT在春分时非常明显低于手术组,P<0.01,在秋分时亦非常显著低于手术组P<0.01;(2)不论血清MT,还是肺组织MT,春分和秋分时正常组间无明显差异,但有降低趋势。血清MT在春秋季节的手术组之间或伪手术组间亦无明显差异,而肺组织MT数值在秋分时的伪手术组和手术组均相应的低于春分时的伪手术组和手术组,差异具有非常显著性和显著性,P<0.01和P<0.05。结论:(1)正常组大鼠血清和肺组织的MT在春秋季节变化不明显,但存在春高秋低的趋势。(2)褪黑素与肺脏之间有密切联系。(3)松果腺对肺脏和机体的褪黑素有调节作用,但可能不是肺脏和机体褪黑素的唯一来源。(4)中医“肺应秋”而免疫功能在秋季低下的季节性变化与血清和肺组织中褪黑素的季节变化趋势相类似,松果腺可能参与其中的调节。

目的 通过对春秋季节SD大鼠免疫功能的测定,探讨中医"肺应秋"的免疫学机制内涵,为呼吸系统季节性发病的病理生理机制的认识提供实验依据.方法 采用松果腺摘除大鼠模型,测定春分、秋分大鼠脾脏指数和胸腺指数、肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能.结果 正常组脾脏指数和胸腺指数,秋分明显低于春分,有非常显著差异(P＜0.01);伪手术组秋分低于春分,有显著差异(P＜0.05);手术组春分和秋分时差异不明显.正常组肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能秋分明显低于春分,有非常显著差异(P＜0.01);伪手术组与手术组均使春分和秋分差异消失.结论 SD大鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数、肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能存在秋低春高的季节节律,这可能是秋季季节性呼吸系统多发病的病理生理学基础之一.SD大鼠松果腺-褪黑素是免疫功能季节性节律变化的中介物质基础,其调节机制具有复杂性、选择性和间接性.中医"肺应秋"具有免疫学物质基础,与松果腺的中介调节作用密切相关.

Objective To screen gene fragment differentially expressed in testicle in winter and summer. Method Differential display reverse transcription PCR (DDRT-PCR) was used to detect the total RNA in testicle sample. Results ①Forty-four gene fragments differentially expressed were obtained. Ten gene fragments sequence were detected and 7 of them had higher homology with known genes. ②Three new genes were discovered and were included by gene bank (CK743226,CK743227,CK743228). Conclusion ①In physiological situation, seasonal variation of winter and summer can result in change of gene expression in testical. ②Conarium regulats gonad according to season by differential expression of gene. ③Three new genes may be needed by animals for self-regulation according to season and for evolvement . ④The theory of “kidney corresponding with winter” has substance basis. Its regulating mechanism is related to conarium’s regulation to differential expression of gene in testical.

Objective: To explore the internal mechanisms that spring and autumn affect the immune functions in SD rats,and provide the experimental evidence for the pathological and physiological mechanisms of respiratory system seasonal diseases.Method: The pineal extirpating rat model was employed, and the indexes of spleen and thymus gland and the phagocytosis function of alveolar macrophage were observed at vernal equinox and autumnal equinox respectively.Result:①The indexes of spleen and thymus in the normal group and the false operation group at autumnal equinox were significantly lower than those at vernal equinox(P0.05,P0.01);While in the operation group,there were no significant difference in the indexes of spleen and thymus between vernal equinox and autumnal equinox.②In the normal group,the phagocytosis function of alveolar macrophage at autumnal equinox was significantly lower than that at vernal equinox(P0.01);While in the false operation group and the operation group,there were no significant differences in the phagocytosis function between the two seasons.Conclusion:①There are seasonal rhythms of the functions in the spleen,thymus and alveolar macrophage in SD rats,which are lower in autumn than those in spring.②The melatonin in the pineal gland of SD rats may be the medial material relating with the seasonal changes of immune functions.[HJ1.3mm]