Objective: Prior research has indicated a possible relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and trauma that appears to affect symptom severity and comorbidity. The Gaza Strip, a region characterised by ongoing violence and conflict, would benefit from further study to address psychopathology in the context of psycho-traumatology. Considering these circumstances, in this study, we investigated the prevalence of trauma aetiology among OCD patients and its impact on the clinical picture by studying the effects of trauma on three different levels of trauma-aetiology: (1) history of trauma exposure (TE-OCD), (2) individual perception of OCD as trauma-related (TR-OCD), and (3) the onset of OCD within six months post-trauma (PT-OCD).Methods: This cross-sectional study included 103 Gazans diagnosed with OCD, aged 18-56 years. Semi-structured clinical interviews, including self-report measures, were used to collect demographic and diagnostic data.Results: Out of 103 participants, 77.7% reported a history of trauma (TE-OCD), 29.1% perceived their trauma as a cause of OCD (TR-OCD), and 18.4% developed their symptoms within six months of the trauma (PT-OCD). No significant correlation was found between the severity of OCD symptoms and a history of trauma exposure. Statistical differences in symptom severity were found across TR- and PT-OCD levels of trauma-aetiology. However, after controlling for major depressive disorder (MDD), these differences were observed only for obsessions.Conclusions: These findings reveal that trauma is common among OCD patients in Gaza and could be a major predisposing factor. The perception of trauma as a cause and the time between trauma exposure and OCD onset could impact the clinical picture of OCD in terms of symptom severity and increased MDD comorbidity.

Executive dysfunction is an important feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder（OCD）.Neuroimaging and genetic studies have shown that the functional abnormalities in cortico-striatal-thalamocortical circuits, parietal lobes, cerebellum and other brain regions, as well as genetic variants in serotonin and glutamate systemsin patients with OCD, may lead to their executive dysfunction. However, due to the heterogeneity of OCD and the complexity of executive function, no consistent conclusions have been drawn about the neural mechanism of executive dysfunction in OCD. Integrating the neural mechanisms and genetic patterns of executive dysfunction in OCD will help deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of OCD; combining neuroimaging and genetic findings to identify markers will help provide new directions in the identification and intervention of executive dysfunction in OCD. This article reviews the brain structure, neural mechanism of brain function and genetic research of executive dysfunction in OCD.

文章首先从内因和外因两个方面分析了'00后大学生在思想政治教育过程中的心理阻抗成因,然后提出了'00后大学生在思想政治教育过程中的心理阻抗对策,包括建设专家化的思想政治教育工作队伍;优化思想政治教育课程体系;改进教育策略和教育机制,切实提高教育效果;等等.

主导感(sense of agency)是个体感知到的对自身行为及行为后果的控制感.主导感的产生既基于内部的感觉运动信息,也基于动作系统以外的外部信息.寻求内部状态的代理模型(seeking proxies for internal states,SPIS)提出,强迫症(obsessive-compulsive disorder)个体会削弱对自身内部状态的访问,转而寻求外部代理,因此,强迫症患者的主导感较低.未来研究可以尝试将主导感分解为不同的维度或通过追踪研究探索主导感降低是否能够预测强迫症的发病.

目的:采用元分析方法探究国内认知行为疗法联合药物干预强迫症的效果及其影响因素.方法:通过系统检索多个中文数据库,共计纳入文献62篇,总样本量N= 7476,运用R软件(V3.6.3)进行效应量合并以及调节效应分析.结果:国内认知行为疗法联合药物干预强迫症的合并效应量为g =-0.73(填补发表偏倚后g=-0.5),合并比值比OR =3.25(填补发表偏倚后OR =2.83);仅考虑单个变量的调节作用时,干预效果受被试平均年龄、干预周期、药物类型和盲法使用四个因素调节;在多元回归模型中,干预周期、药物类型和盲法使用对干预效果的调节效应仍然显著,其余变量的调节效应均不显著.结论:国内认知行为疗法联合药物干预强迫症的治疗效果较好,且优于单纯药物治疗或单纯认知行为治疗.

心理援助指灾难中或灾难后为受灾人群提供的心理帮助,目的是缓解受灾群众应对灾难时所引发的各种心理困扰、心理创伤.我国心理援助发展经历了三个重要阶段:非典疫情时期,心理援助萌芽阶段;汶川地震时期,心理援助发展阶段;新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情时期,规模化心理援助形成阶段.我国应建立由"心理援助启动子系统、心理援助保障子系统、心理援助管理子系统、心理援助平台子系统、心理援助人才建设子系统、心理援助执行子系统、心理援助研究子系统"七大子系统组成的中国心理援助体系.未来需要进一步开展我国心理援助体系的验证、检验与修正等研究,促进我国心理援助体系的不断完善与发展.

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情是重大的公共卫生安全突发事件,对民众的冲击直接、切近、现实、强烈.这种影响具有卷入度高、持续时间长、覆盖面广、不确定性高等特点,很容易导致公众出现一系列心理问题.尽管世界卫生组织在2005年就提出了心理急救手册(PFA),但是一直以来缺乏基于中国本土文化特色的心理支持辅导模型.本研究根据此次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的心理支持辅导咨询实践,提炼出了具有中国本土文化特色的心理支持辅导模型.该模型包括咨询准备、咨询关系巩固与提升、探索与评估、定向主要问题、混乱与领悟、加强与结束6个阶段.该模型在2020年“战疫”心理援助中也获得了实践检验,对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下个人情绪、社会心理稳定发挥了积极作用,在维护民众心理健康方面体现了重大价值.

Obsessive-compulsive (OC) disorder (OCD) is characterized by obsessions and compulsions, giving rise to a high level of social and occupational impairments. Accumulating evidence indicates that the cause and maintenance of OCD are related to attentional bias. In this study, the neural processes underpinning attentional bias were carefully inspected for thirty participants with a high/low propensity of OC symptoms (HOC/LOC). Both behavioral and electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected while participants were performing a dot-probe task with the threat or neutral pictures as stimuli. It was discovered from the event-related potential (ERP) results that compared to the neutral pictures, the threat pictures elicited higher amplitudes of ERP component $C1$ for both the HOC and LOC groups during the stimuli onset period. However, only the HOC group exhibited lower amplitudes of ERP component $P1$ to the threat pictures than to the neutral ones, indicating that individuals with a high level of contamination fear might divert their attention away from the threat automatically. The novel findings from the present study can pave an avenue for unveiling the complex neural mechanism associated with attentional avoidance in individuals with contamination fear.

Living in the real society, patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) often perceive an intense conflict between the urge to commit a compulsion and resistance, which have received some attention from researchers. In double conflict model of OCD, it is assumed that the core component of the conflict is the motivational conflict between social motivation and safety motivation and motivational conflict aggravates the severity of compulsion. This study explored whether motivational conflict has influence on the severity of compulsion using Structural Equation Modeling. 257 undergraduates participated in the survey. Safety motivation, social motivation, motivational conflict and compulsion were measured by selected or newly developed inventories. After all the inventories were confirmed, structural model was then constructed according to our hypothesis and analyzed to check the fitness. The results indicated that (a) psychometric properties of all the inventories were acceptable, and (b) both the mediator role of motivational conflict and the moderator role of social motivation were confirmed. Thus the double conflict model, especially the compulsion sub-model was supported.

本研究根据心理教育同盟关系理论及操作性定义,通过对重庆旅游职业学院、重庆经贸职业学院、重庆化工职业学院等共计987名学生进行调查研究,结果表明:高职学生心理教育同盟关系特点主要表现为:积极情绪体验表现最强,趋向平等性表现最弱.积极情绪体验和亲和性维度上高职学生存在不同特征或类别差异,其他维度没有表现出类别差异.

研究采用线索-靶子任务,考察高、低心理一致感个体对情绪信息的注意偏向特点.结果显示:(1)在有效提示下,高心理一致感个体对积极情绪表现出稳定的注意警觉,对消极情绪的注意偏向不稳定,低心理一致感个体对积极和消极情绪的注意偏向均不稳定;(2)在无效提示下,高心理一致感个体对积极和消极情绪的注意回避均不稳定,而低心理一致感个体对积极情绪表现出注意回避,对消极情绪表现出注意解除困难,这些注意偏向均具有中等程度的稳定性.

The neural mechanism underlying attentional bias in OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) remains unclear. The goal of this study was to examine and compare the time course and the event related potential (ERP) components in OCD patients and healthy controls (HC) to reveal the complex brain activation pattern associated with attentional bias in OCD. The behavioural and electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded while the participants performed an emotional Stroop task. Compared to HC, the individuals with OCD exhibited slower response time, prolonged N1 latency and larger N1 and P2 amplitudes across different emotional words. In addition, we discovered that the OCD group showed an enlarged N1 component to OCD-related threat words compared to neutral words. Moreover, the OCD group had decreased P3 and later positive potential (LPP) amplitudes towards all types of words compared to the HC group. More importantly, the OCD group manifested smaller LPP amplitude to threat words compared to the HC group. Our findings suggest that OCD individuals may excessively direct their attention away from the threat at the late processing stage, probably due to the intensive processing or overestimation of the stimuli in the early automatic processing stage.

Each of the most commonly used four research paradigms for OCD response inhibition(Go-Nogo,Stroop, Stop Signal and Negative Priming Task)has its pros and cons.The Go-Nogo paradigm has relatively simpler tasks and the con-clusions it produces can in some degree explain the response inhibition,yet the experimental materials used are much too simple and most of them are irrelevant to OCD,so the ecological validity is rather low;compared with the Go-Nogo paradigm,the Stroop paradigm uses richer experimental materials like words of emotion,besides the use of words of color,thus the ecologi-cal validity is enhanced.That’s why most of the current OCD response inhibition researches adopt the Stroop paradigm;the Stop Signal paradigm,to some degree,is similar to the Go-Nogo paradigm,yet it still has made some improvements on it,so it not only possesses the advantages of Go-Nogo paradigm,but also has a richer indices of reference;the Negative Priming Task paradigm is the least commonly used research paradigm of the four,whose advantage lies in that it can set different time intervals thus to enhance the flexibility of the experiments.Through the analysis and summary of the previous researches,an outlook of the future research orientations and trend is done concerning the OCD inhibition deficiency.

Background and Objectives: The Seeking Proxies for Internal States (SPIS) hypothesis predicts that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with a deficit in subjective convictions, which may lead to a reliance on external substitutes for the perceptions of an individual's internal states. Two well designed studies were performed for the present work that adopted a false bio-feedback procedure in a muscle tension task to examine the SPIS hypothesis.Methods: The false bio-feedback paradigm was used to investigate our hypothesis. NeXus-10 Mark II hardware and V2011 BioTrace + software (Mind Media B.V., Herten, Netherlands) were utilized to measure the muscle tension of the flexor carpiulnaris muscle, which characterized the target's internal state. In addition, false EMG changes were recorded and displayed on a computer monitor and were considered external proxies.Results: Study 1 demonstrated that the participants with high obsessive-compulsive (OC) tendencies were More affected by the false bio-feedback and exhibited lower confidence in their judgments regarding their muscle tension compared with the participants with low OC tendencies. These findings indicate that subjects with high OC tendencies were more influenced by self-perception effects. In contrast, the subjects in the undermined confidence group in Study 2 were more easily influenced by the false bio-feedback compared with the control group, which suggests that the subjects in the undermined confidence group were more affected by self-perception effects. Limitations: We did not combine the undermined confidence with OC tendencies or OCD symptoms in our paradigm to investigate their joint effects on self-perception.Conclusions: Our findings provide further evidence that supports the SPIS hypothesis, which indicates that OC tendencies and the confidence in an individual's recognition of internal states appear to have similar effects on the assessment of internal states and reliance on proxies. (C)2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的:检验使用焦虑认同法管理强迫思维的有效性。方法:选取第三军医大学附属医院强迫症患者60名,利用随机数字表法将患者分配到三组,分别接受焦虑认同法干预（n=20）、正念策略干预（n=20）和不作特殊干预的纯暴露（n=20）。实验包括基线、干预和恢复3个阶段。每阶段均使用循环磁带暴露范式,即患者通过耳机固定频率地听自己的强迫思维。在干预阶段,三组患者接受各自方法的指导语管理强迫思维。用视觉模拟评定量表（VAS）评估患者从基线到恢复阶段焦虑、中和愿望及痛苦程度的改善情况。结果:最终53人完成实验。纯暴露组（n=16）恢复阶段的焦虑与痛苦程度得分与基线差异无统计学意义（均P&gt;0.05）,中和愿望得分高于基线（P﹤0.05）;焦虑认同组（n=18）与正念组（n=19）恢复阶段的焦虑和中和愿望得分均低于基线（均P﹤0.05）;焦虑认同组恢复阶段的痛苦程度得分低于基线（P﹤0.05）,正念组差异无统计学意义（P&gt;0.05）。焦虑认同组效应值（d）为0.66⁰.70,正念组d值为0.39⁰.54。结论:焦虑认同法能够降低强迫症患者的焦虑水平、中和愿望水平和缓解痛苦程度,帮助强迫症患者有效管理强迫思维。</span>

目的:探讨煤矿井下矿工酒精所致心理障碍的现状及影响因素.方法:将井下及地面共239例矿工分为研究组和对照组采用密西根酒精依赖调查表、饮酒问卷、社会支持评定量表、生活满意度量表进行问卷调查.结果:①井下矿工的饮酒量表总分、饮酒等级、酒精依赖显著高于地面矿工(P＜0.001);②以井下矿工的饮酒量平均分数为因变量,一般人口学特征(年龄、井下工龄、有否配偶、文化程度)、社会支持4个维度和生活满意度为自变量进行逐步回归分析,社会支持的4个维度、生活满意度和文化程度进入回归方程,联合解释变异系数为0.332;以井下矿工酒精依赖平均分数为因变量,一般人口学特征(包括年龄、井下工龄、有否配偶、文化程度)、生活满意度和社会支持4个维度为自变量进行逐步回归分析,生活满意度、社会支持的4个维度和文化程度进入回归方程,其联合解释变异系数为0.250.结论:井下矿工“问题饮酒”及酒精依赖较井上矿工严重,需积极引导矿工健康生活方式,提高保健知识的认知水平,减少“问题饮酒”和酒精所致心理障碍的发生.

采用Flanker范式,通过考察高低强迫倾向个体在Flanker任务上的差异,来研究强迫倾向个体信息加工方式的特点.研究结果显示,在Flanker任务中,高强迫倾向个体显示出较慢的反应速度,表现为更多的犹豫不决的特性;高强迫倾向个体的信息加工方式以集中加工为主,且在信息加工的灵活性上存在不足,对情景的变化较不敏感.通过对强迫倾向个体的信息加工方式的研究,有助于丰富和发展强迫症的理论,同时为强迫症的临床治疗提供依据.

对威胁信息的注意偏向可能是导致和维持强迫症症状的重要因素之一.本研究采用情绪Stroop范式,同时结合事件相关电位(ERPs)技术,对强迫倾向个体注意偏向的时间进程进行研究,以期探究强迫倾向个体注意偏向的神经机制特点.结果发现,高强迫倾向个体对强迫症相关消极词比一般消极词和中性词表现出了更大的P2和LPPs振幅.实验结果表明,高强迫倾向个体对强迫症相关消极词表现出注意偏向,其成分为注意脱困,既表现在早期自动加工阶段的P2成分上也表现在晚期策略加工阶段的LPPs成分上.

探讨强迫倾向、内心体验的信心水平与知道感缺乏的关系,采用虚假生物反馈为内在状态的外部线索,以指导语操控被试内心体验的信心水平,考察高、低强迫倾向(high/low obsessive-compulsive tendencies,HOC/LOC)组在不同信心水平下依赖外部线索评价内在状态的情况.结果:(1)HOC组的知道感存在缺陷,表现为比LOC组更依赖外部线索评价内在状态;(2)HOC组的知道感缺乏受其信心水平的影响,低信心会加剧HOC组的知道感缺乏.本研究结果能为缓解HOC个体的怀疑及相关强迫症状提供帮助,并或许能为强迫症在认知和元认知治疗提供思路.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)is a severe chronic mental illness with a rather high cure rate. However,a high percentage of sufferers actually have not received proper treatment in time.An in-depth analysis of the factors resulting in a retarded treatment of the disease finds that the following factors have all played a part,such as the individual characteristics of the patient,the wrong concept about the illness on the part of the patient,the demographical variables and factors related to treatment.Easier access to quality psychological health care service,to develop more tools for checking and screening the illness,the popularization of OCD-related information,the optimization of current treating methods and finding more effective treating approaches may help the patients obtain timely and proper treatment.Future research can further identify the retarding factors and thus help find pointed coping strategies.