Coeloglossum viride var. bracteatum is an advanced tonic in Tibetan medicine with antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Therefore, its anti-AD effects and potential targets should be explored. Firstly, a network pharmacological analysis of its bioactive molecules and their targets related to AD was performed, and the anti-inflammatory and energy metabolism modulating effects of its extract (CE) were investigated in LPS-induced astrocytes and BV2 cellular models. Then, inflammatory factors levels, ATP content and real-time energy metabolism were measured by RT-qPCR and Seahorse extracellular flux assays, respectively. Finally, we established a moleculetarget network, as well as a PPI network of CE-related targets with AD-related targets, and identified 178 nodes and 2317 edges, yielding key targets that may play an important role in the treatment of AD. CE attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis in astrocytes, while also enhancing energy metabolism in BV2 cells. Mechanistically, CE inhibited LPS-induced enhancement of microglia glycolytic activity and improved energy metabolism by inhibiting the HIF-1a/ PKM2 signaling axis. Thus, CE is a potential AD therapeutic agent with anti-inflammatory and (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

The small molecule DAPT inhibits the Notch signaling pathway by blocking γ-secretase mediated Notch cleavage. Given the critical role of the Notch signaling axis in inflammation, we asked whether DAPT could block Notch-mediated inflammation and thus exert neuronal protection. We established a mouse model of chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity and treated it with DAPT. DAPT was effective in ameliorating Cd-induced multi-organ damage and cognitive impairment in mice, as DAPT restored abnormal performance in the Y-maze, forced swimming and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. DAPT also reversed Cd-induced neuronal loss and glial cell activation to normal as observed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry of brain tissue sections. In addition, Cd-intoxicated mice showed significantly increased levels of the Notch/HES-1 signaling axis and NF-κB, as well as decreased levels of the inflammatory inhibitors C/EBPβ and COP1. However, DAPT down regulated the elevated Notch/HES-1 signaling axis to normal, eliminating inflammation and thus protecting the nervous system. Thus, DAPT effectively eliminated the neurotoxicity of Cd, and blocking γ-secretase as well as Notch signaling axis may be a potential target for the development of neuronal protective drugs.

Astragalin (AST) is a natural flavonoid with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, whether AST is an effective chemical for neuronal protection and its underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we established a mouse model of cognitive impairment and aging-like phenotype induced by sequential administration of AlCl3 and D-galactose (Gal). We found that AST effectively ameliorated cognitive impairment in the model mice and improved their learning and memory performance in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. AlCl3/Gal-induced activation of astrocytes and microglia and inflammation were observed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, but could be attenuated by AST. In addition, alterations in oxidative stress-regulating enzymes or markers, including T-SOD, T-AOC, CAT, GSH-Px, and MDA, as well as the pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were restored. At the mechanistic level, AlCl3/Gal-intoxicated mice showed a significant elevation of Notch/HES-1 and NF-κB signaling axis corresponding to microglia activation and inflammation. AST attenuated the activation of Notch/HES-1 and NF-κB signaling axis, thus reducing the inflammation. In summary, AST is a promising natural product to protect neurons from toxin-induced injury, indicating its therapeutic potential for neurological disorders.

随着城市电网的发展建设,针对不具备配电自动化功能的站所、环网柜设备在发生故障时无法参与到配电自动化故障定位的问题,提出了在电缆线路安装柔性罗氏线圈电流互感器和数据汇集终端单元,实现线路负荷实时监测及故障定位,为线路的故障定位提供了新的解决思路.首先,简要介绍系统组成;然后,详细分析系统工作原理及关键技术实现方案;最后,对具体案例进行了分析.结果表明,该方法可以不安装一次设备的前提下,充分利用对电缆线路故障的分析和识别算法的优势,在电缆线路精确定位故障区域上具有非常广阔的应用前景.

案例教学法因其目的性、针对性和时效性强的特点,越来越多地运用于高校课堂教学.在微生物学教学实践中,可以根据教学内容需要,引入相关内容如经典实验、社会热点、科学史实等作为案例.通过课前精心选编案例、课堂上有效引导学生,教师能够充分发挥案例教学在培养学生发现、认识并解决问题的能力以及启发科学思维等方面的作用.与此同时,教师应避免案例教学流于形式等问题.

[目的]优化枯草芽胞杆菌紫外线诱变实验教学方案,以便学生在实验中获得预期结果.[方法]从菌体培养、活菌浓度估测和辐射参数三方面探讨影响实验结果的因素.[结果]采用液体培养法活化菌体有利于制备均匀的菌悬液,采用比浊法估测初始菌悬液浓度可以指导学生将其稀释至102-103 CFU/mL的浓度;涂布接种后平板表面干燥、培养皿盖内无明显水珠附着,是获得单菌落的关键;在紫外辐射过程中采用固定的菌悬液体积和搅拌速度,可以获得规律性的辐射剂量——致死效应曲线.[结论]优化后的方案实验结果易得、重复性好,可供教学和研究实验参考.

Water potential measurement in plant tissue with Chardakov method is one of the basic experiments in the plant physiology. In this study, we optimized the concentration of methylene blue, material selection, sampling method, and experimental equipments, and established a system of convenient operation and good repeatability, which could be used for experiment teaching and research.

目的综述近十年有关人参皂苷Rg1(Ginsenoside Rg1,Rg1)药理活性的研究进展。方法查阅国内外近年来大量文献,对人参皂苷Rg1药理活性的有关研究进行分析和归纳。结果与结论人参皂苷对神经系统、心血管系统、免疫系统都有影响,可以抑制细胞凋亡、扩张血管、抗衰老,并对运动疲劳的恢复有一定作用。

The experimental teaching demonstration center is an important platform of cultivating the practical and innovative abilities for undergraduates.By revising and improving the experimental center management system,and strengthening management,the awareness of responsibilities of experimental center managers and teachers is improved.Based on the experimental teaching demonstration center,undergraduate students develop their practical and innovative abilities,by completing the experimental teaching,research training programs and participation in academic competitions.Teaching management practice has proved that the management level of teachers and undergraduates is very important in universities in improving education quality,practical and innovative abilities of undergraduate students.

Nano-TiO2 is an important semiconducting photocatalyst,with a broad study and application prospect in many material fields.In this paper nano-TiO2 crystal doped with Ce(Ce/TiO2) was prepared by the sol-gel method.The crystal samples were characterized by XRD,BET and SEM.Through L9(34) orthogonal experiment,four factors related to the structural properties of Ce/TiO2 were studied,and the best condition to prepare the Ce/TiO 2 was found as a result.Preliminary experiments of Ce/TiO2 show that antibacterial properties of TiO2 can be improved by doping with Ce.

Objective:This study investigated EST-SSRs feature in EST resource of Glycyrrhiza uralensis which is a kind of Chinese medicine and wildly used in clinical practice.Methods:EST database of Glycyrrhiza uralensis downloaded from NCBI website was analyzed by DNAstar to get rid of redundant EST sequences.SSRIT software was employed in screening SSRs in these non-redundant EST sequences.The characters of Glycyrrhiza uralensis EST-SSR were analyzed by statistical methood.Results:A total of 50,666 ESTs of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were downloaded from the database of NCBI.After the preprocession,11,100 non-redundant EST sequences that totaled 9.28×106 bp length were obtained.963 SSRs were distributed in 752 EST sequences,which accounted for 8.68% of the 11,100 non-redundant ESTs.The average density of SSR was 1 SSR/9.64 kb EST sequence.In the SSRs,the di-nucleotide repeat motif was the most abundant(43.41%),followed by tri-nucleotide(41.95%).AG/TC、GA/CT and CTT/GAA were the main types of motif in di-,tri-nucleotide repeats.The repeat number of Glycyrrhiza uralensis EST-SSR was mainly 4~10 and motif length of them mostly ranged from 20 bp to 30 bp.Conclusion:The EST-SSRs are abundant in Glycyrrhiza uralensis and highly feasible in theory.This research might lay the foundation for designing the targeted EST-SSR primers and developing EST-SSR molecular markers by mining the information of EST-SSR loci in Glycyrrhiza uralensis EST sequences data.

The designing experiment is an experiment carried out by students independently to implement their ideas under the supervision of instructors,which has played a crucial role in the process of cultivating students' comprehensive capabilities.According to the characteristics of the microbiology experiment,we have explored and put into practice the construction of designing experiments in experiment aspects of procedures,subjects and topics selection,experiments organization and management,experimental summary and thesis writing etc.

[Objective] The aim was to screen strains producing alkaline protease from soil and study the conditions for enzyme production.[Method] Eight strains producing alkaline protease were isolated from soil through plate isolation,and the ability of enzyme production was measured by filter paper and Folin-phenol method.The strain with the strongest ability of enzyme production was screened as a candidate strain,then the factors influencing the ability of enzyme production was studied,finally the conditions for enzyme production was optimized through orthogonal test.[Result] No.5 strain was screened as a candidate strain due to its strong ability of enzyme production(6.00 U/ml),which accounted for 134.1% of that of Bacillus licheniformis,and it was gram-positive bacterium belonging to Clostridium.Orthogonal test showed that the optimal condition for producing protease was an environment with pH=11,0.3% of sucrose and 0.8% of peptone in the fermentation medium,and inoculation amount was 105 cfu/ml.In addition,peptone had significant impact on the level of enzyme production.[Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical references for the screening of strains producing alkaline protease.

Objective To study the effect of Coeloglossum viride var.bracteatum extract(CE) against the injury induced by β-amyloid protein(Aβ) in primary cultivated rat prefrontal cortex(PFC) neurons.Methods The neuron purity of PFC was indentified by immunohistochemical β-tubulin III and DAPI method.The change of cell morphology was observed by microscope,the protective effect of CE on Aβ25-35 induced neuron injury was observed by MTT and TUNEL.The expression and structure of β-tubulin III were detected by immunohistochemical method.Results There were 95% neurons in the cultivated rat primary prefrontal tissue.Compared with model group,the damage of PFC neurons in CE treatment groups was slighter than that in model group;24 hours pretreatment with 10 mg·L-1,1 mg·L-1 CE exerted the protective effect on rat primary PFC neuron injury Aβ25-35 treatment,the viability of PFC neurons in CE high and medium treatment groups(0.783,0.667 3) was higher than that in model group(0.603 8)(P0.001 or P0.01);Aβ25-35 could increase cell death in rat PFC neurons,the rate of masculine in CE high treatment groups(11.1%) was obviously lower than that in model group(32.1%) with TUNEL method;CE could increase the expression of β-tubulin III and maintained β-tubulin Ⅲ srtucture in the injured rat primary PFC neurons induced by Aβ25-35.Conclusion CE has protective effects against the injury induced by Aβ25-35 in rat primary prefrontal cortex neurons to some existence,and its mechanism may be related with the increase of β-tubulin III expression and maintainment of the injured β-tubulin III structure.

Objective:To Observe protective effective of Tanshinone IIA(TSN)on immunological liver injury in mice induced by concanavalin-A(ConA)and the role of T lymphocyte subsets in which.Methods:TSN divided into large dose group,middle dose group and small dose group(30、20、10mg/kg).In addition to the normal and model group given normal saline orally,all mice in other groups to give the corresponding drugs,after 15d,Apart from the normal control group all the rest group mice were injected with ConA 20mg/kg via the tail vein to damage mice′s liver.Using automatic biochemical analyzer,the serum′s alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in mice were examined.The percentage of T lymphocyte subsets CD+_3、CD+_4、CD+_8 cells were detected in plasma by a FACSCalibur flow cytometer,Using ELISA for determination the serum cytokines:interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α).Results:The activity of AST and ALT of TSN dose treatment groups significantly dropped in mice of ConA-mediated liver injury to be present dose-dependent;TSN-treated large dose groups could significantly reduced the liver injury model group had elevated inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ or TNF-α level(P<0.05,P<0.01);TSN dose groups could improve the liver injury model group had lowed T-cell subsets CD+_3、CD+_4、CD+_8 ratio(P<0.05,P<0.01),which in large doses(TSN30mg/kg) the role were most significant.Conclusion:Tanshinone IIA is effective in protecting immunological liver injury in mice induced by ConA and this mechanism maybe closely associated with its action in regulating the T-cell subsets and in reducing the inflammatory cytokines.

生物柴油是由生物质原料的油脂经过化学变化后生成的、具有和柴油相似功能的酯.本文对目前制备生物柴油所用的各种生产方法进行了总结和比较,重点介绍了近年来兴起的几种生产生物柴油的绿色工艺,包括酶促合成法、固体酸碱法、离子液体法、离子交换树脂法和超临界甲醇法等.

Objective To investigate the effect of TanshinoneⅡA(TSN) on the expression of hepatic collagen fibers in rats with liver fibrosis.Methods Hepatic fibrosis was induced by intragastric carbon tetrachloride.The wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group,carbon tetrachloride group,bifendate positive control group(100 mg/kg),TSN high,middle,low(21.3,14.2,7.1mg/kg)dose groups.All medicines were given by intragastric administration.Total protein(TP) and albumin(ALb) content in serum were detected in all groups.Hydroxyproline(Hyp) content and histopathology of liver tissue were determined.Results TSN could increase the levels of TP,ALb in serum and decreased Hyp level in liver tissue of hepatic fibrosis rats.HE and Masson staining showed that TSN could significantly reduce the expression of collagen fibers of liver tissue in hepatic fibrosis rats.Conclusion TSN can significantly inhibit the synthesis process of collagen fibers in hepatic fibrosis rats,so that it can block the pathological process of liver fibrosis.

In order to meet the requirements of cultivating the practical abilities and creativities of students who receive higher education, we initiated the reformation of education in the microbiology experiment teaching methods, implementing a system for module-based education, carefully monitoring every link in teaching, combining the encouragement and strict requirements together, adopting a proper way of assessment. It is proven that the implementation of the educational reformation mobilizes the interests of students and enhances the comprehensive qualities of students, which accomplishes the purposes of teaching.

菠萝是较常见的热带水果品种,它营养成分丰富,含有大量多糖[1].研究表明,多糖具有多方面的生物活性和功能[2-4].为了解菠萝多糖的抗脂质过氧化活性,本研究通过提取和纯化菠萝多糖,对其含糖率和多糖提取率以及抑制脂质过氧化的作用进行观察.结果报告如下.

This paper introduced the basic principle of dielectrophoresis.Systematically,the research of inorganic particles in the worldwide was summarized and the application prospect of dielectrophoresis in the technology was discussed.