Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents, yet its epidemiological burden before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. This meta-analysis, which searched Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library for reports published up to December 25, 2025, aimed to evaluate trends in the prevalence of M. pneumoniae infections across these three periods to guide clinical practice and public health responses. A total of 70 studies were included, and methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute criteria. The pooled prevalence of M. pneumoniae infections before, during, and after COVID-19 was calculated in R 4.5.0, with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation for extreme proportions. The prevalence of M. pneumoniae infections before COVID-19, during COVID-19, and after COVID-19 was 21.72% (95% CI: 17.09, 26.73), 10.73% (95% CI: 7.57, 14.35), and 28.64% (95% CI: 22.74, 34.93), respectively. Age-stratified analysis revealed the highest prevalence consistently in children > 6 years (pre-pandemic: 46.35%; during-pandemic: 27.32%; post-pandemic: 41.36%) and the lowest in infants < 1 year (8.21%, 4.87%, and 7.81%, respectively). Seasonally, pre-pandemic prevalence peaked in summer (33.34%) and autumn (31.00%). During the pandemic, overall rates declined but remained highest in autumn (15.51%). Post-pandemic, prevalence rebounded broadly, peaking in autumn (37.97%). In conclusion, this study summarises M. pneumoniae trends in children and adolescents before and after COVID-19, indicating a delayed resurgence following the pandemic, and highlights the need for further research to explain these patterns and improve future pandemic preparedness.

Background: Childhood asthma (CA), a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, and childhood obesity (CO), characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation, frequently coexist. This study seeks to elucidate shared biological mechanisms underlying CA and CO and to identify potential biomarkers via comprehensive bioinformatics analyses of public datasets. Methods: CA and CO gene expression datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to both conditions were identified, with hub genes (HGs) screened via four machine learning (ML) algorithms. The diagnostic performance of candidate HGs was evaluated utilizing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Functional characterization was conducted utilizing Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and single-gene gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). In addition, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed to further explore regulatory relationships and shared pathogenic mechanisms. Results: There were 25 key genes closely linked to CA and CO identified. Enrichment analyses indicated the main involvement of these genes in immune and inflammatory responses, as well as extracellular matrix organization and tissue remodeling. ML analyses ultimately identified NTRK2 and RGS1 as HGs, which demonstrated favorable diagnostic performance in ROC analyses. Furthermore, a ceRNA regulatory network comprising 104 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 80 microRNAs (miRNAs), and the two HGs was constructed. Conclusions: This study identified NTRK2 and RGS1 as key HGs shared between CA and CO, presenting fresh insights into their common pathogenic mechanisms. These findings possibly contribute to developing improved diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapeutic strategies for CA comorbid with obesity.

The hub metabolites and hub microorganisms that play an important role in the intervention of Qi-yin deficiency syndrome with diarrhea by Modified Renshen Wumei Decoction (MRWD) are still unclear. Therefore, we explored it based on multi-omics analysis. A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were collected and randomly allocated into different groups. Subsequently, blood samples and fecal samples were collected from all 32 rats for non-targeted metabolome sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing respectively. Among them, fecal samples of 24 rats were also used for targeted metabolomics sequencing (6 rats in each group). Pathological findings, and D-lactate, diamine oxidase (DAO), aquaporin 3 (AQP3), and aquaporin 8 (AQP8) levels in serum and colon samples were evaluated after the 21-day trial, and the results showed that diarrhea caused intestinal injury, which was ameliorated by infusion of MRWD. Based on multi-omics sequencing analysis, five microorganisms were superior to the positive control in MRWD intervention. Moreover, Eisenbergiella, Corynebacterium, and unidentified Oscillospiraceae exhibited significant discriminatory capabilities between groups C and D, groups B and C, as well as groups A and C; thus they were identified as hub microorganisms. On the other hand, significant differences in metabolites were observed among different groups with respect to the metabolome. These metabolites exhibited significant enrichment in metabolic pathways such as Butanoate metabolism, Propanoate metabolism, and Pyruvate metabolism. Further correlation analysis revealed that 2-Methylbutyrate was identified as a hub metabolites associated with blood and fecal microorganisms. Moreover, there were complex regulatory relationships between these hub microbes and hub metabolites.

Slow transit constipation (STC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in children and adults worldwide. Paeoniflorin (PF), a monoterpene glycoside compound extracted from the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora, has been found to alleviate STC, but the mechanisms of its effect remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of PF on intestinal fluid metabolism and visceral sensitization in rats with compound diphenoxylate-induced STC. Based on the evaluation of the laxative effect, the abdominal withdrawal reflex test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the visceral sensitivity, fluid metabolism-related proteins, and acid-sensitive ion channel 3/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ASIC3/ERK) pathway-related molecules. PF treatment not only attenuated compound diphenoxylate-induced constipation symptoms and colonic pathological damage in rats but also ameliorated colonic fluid metabolic disorders and visceral sensitization abnormalities, as manifested by increased colonic goblet cell counts and mucin2 protein expression, decreased aquaporin3 protein expression, improved abdominal withdrawal reflex scores, reduced visceral pain threshold, upregulated serum 5-hydroxytryptamine, and downregulated vasoactive intestinal peptide levels. Furthermore, PF activated the colonic ASIC3/ERK pathway in STC rats, and ASIC3 inhibition partially counteracted PF's modulatory effects on intestinal fluid and visceral sensation. In conclusion, PF alleviated impaired intestinal fluid metabolism and abnormal visceral sensitization in STC rats and thus relieved their symptoms through activation of the ASIC3/ERK pathway.

万全望小儿头面,包括望整体头面五色形态和局部头面形色神态;其中局部望诊分为望额、眉、目、耳、鼻、口唇、舌、牙、特殊穴位.现笔者基于万全儿科专著,总结整理万全望诊小儿头面的特点和意义,可知万全望小儿头面可助诊疗、断吉凶,知寿夭.此文从望头面和其望诊在临床的应用两方面对万全望小儿头面进行探讨,再结合现代学者对望诊的发展,以期为现代临床诊疗提供思路.

Panax ginseng and Fructus mume (Renshen Wumei in Chinese, RW) are natural medicines with high nutritional and pharmacological value. They have been widely used together in China to treat gastrointestinal diseases, especially persistent diarrhea, but the potential mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, a diarrhea model was established in rats using a 30% aqueous extract of senna. The therapeutic effects of RW were evaluated by recording the prevalence of loose stools, the diarrhea index, and histopathological changes in colon tissue. The levels of mucins, tight junction (TJ) proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/nuclear factor-κB (PI3K/Akt/NF-κB) signaling pathway proteins were measured. Metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota. Treatment with RW alleviated injury to the intestinal barrier in rats with diarrhea and also upregulated levels of Muc2 and TJ proteins, such as occludin, zonula occludens-1, and claudin-1. Administration of RW regulated the structure of the gut microbiota in diarrheal rats. Furthermore, RW suppressed levels of interleukin (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1, PI3K, Akt, and p-NF-κB p65 and also increased IL-4 levels. Our study indicates that P. ginseng and Fructus mume help improve the symptoms of diarrhea, possibly by alleviating the intestinal barrier injury, regulating intestinal flora composition, and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.

伏邪学说是中医病因学的重要内容,致病特点为伏而后发、反复发作、缠绵难愈,对很多外感病和内伤杂病都具有重要的指导意义.在此从肺系病证(支气管哮喘、反复呼吸道感染等)、脾胃系病证(复发性口腔溃疡、肠炎)、心肝系病证(儿童抽动障碍、癫痫)、其他临床常见病(川崎病、过敏性紫癜等)入手,探讨中医伏邪理论在儿科的应用,为进一步阐述儿科相关疾病的病因病机以及治疗提供理论依据,供同道在临床实践中借鉴.

帕金森病以肝肾阴虚、气血两虚为本,肝风内动、痰热瘀血阻络为标.早期治以滋养息风为主,中期治以补养气血、活血息风,晚期治以阴阳双补、息风活血.本文从各医家文献归纳总结出中医角药治疗帕金森病14种配伍形式及其特点和效果,角药相须相使,使用方便,精准治疗,提高疗效,可为医者提供借鉴和参考.

酸甘化阴法广泛运用于临床,其代表方为芍药甘草汤.该文基于"肝常有余""肝主筋膜"理论,阐述小儿抽动障碍的病机,芍药甘草汤具有养血滋阴、敛肝柔肝、缓急舒筋之功,符合小儿抽动障碍病机.该文结合现代药理学研究探讨酸甘化阴法在小儿抽动障碍治疗中的运用.

以针灸推拿学专业学生为研究对象,在温病学课程教学中让其制作情景剧短视频,通过问卷调查了解教学效果.结果发现情景剧教学方法可以激发学生学习兴趣,提高主动学习和思考能力,加强课堂内外师生互动,增强学习效果.

The methods of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） efficacy evaluation mainly include judging the efficacy based on the changes in the ‘syndrome’ of TCM, taking advantage of Western medicine indicators and methods to judge the efficacy, using the quality of life assessment method to judge the efficacy and drawing on the method of evidence-based medical Meta-analysis to judge the efficacy. So far, due to the lack of methods and standards that meet the characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment and can objectively evaluate clinical efficacy, it is difficult for TCM to enter the track of evidence-based medicine, which in turn affects the process of TCM going global. Emphasizing the research and innovation of efficacy judgment based on standardized technology will be the main direction of the establishment of the efficacy evaluation system of TCM. The key to determining the efficacy of standardized technology lies in whether dialectical treatment diagnosis and treatment technology can be standardized. The realization of the standardization of dialectical treatment technology needs to be cross-integrated with medical statistics, advanced mathematics and other disciplines to find standardized evidence from personalized data, in addition to the common symptom types and medication standards in the dominant diseases of TCM to standardize the basic theoretical terminology of TCM, and also need to pay attention to the role of correlation between system indicators.

帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病均会出现认知功能障碍.因肾藏精,调节全身脏腑之精;精为神之宅,五神之一"志"依赖于肾中精气的充足,受肾精濡养,故《黄帝内经》提出"肾藏精,精舍志".临床论治帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病认知功能障碍可基于"肾藏精,精舍志"这一理论基础,以肾不藏精为病机根本,以填精益髓为治疗大法,为中医学治疗帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病异病同治提供理论基础和实践指导.

泄泻是常见的儿科胃肠道疾病之一.脾虚湿盛是小儿泄泻重要的疾病机理之一.白术和苍术在六朝前统称为"术",直至南北朝时期陶弘景才明确将两者区别开.白术益气健脾、利水除湿,在小儿脾虚湿盛型以脾虚为主的泄泻中应用更加广泛;苍术作为健脾燥湿的药物,因其燥性较白术更高,故常常用于小儿脾虚湿盛型以湿盛为主的泄泻.本文旨在探讨两者的区别与联系,为临床用药提供更好的理论支持.

作为不可再生性文物,古籍文献的修复是中华文化传承与保护的重要基础.但目前全国古籍修复专业人才不足等多种因素导致修复工作仍然任重而道远.四川省古籍保护中心结合地域特色、文献馆藏条件,通过加强人才培养、争取资金支持、多系统合作、以评促建、以项目带动理论与实践研究等方式,促进四川修复事业取得明显进步,并具可持续发展性.在传承和保护纸质文献方面,摸索出一条成效明显的发展路径.

非物质文化遗产是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,是中华文明绵延传承的生动见证.在当代多元文化的影响下,如何将非物质文化遗产融入大学美育教育,让学生深入了解民族文化的精粹,对于提高学生文化素养、增强民族文化自信与认同具有重要意义.本文以成都中医药大学图书馆非物质文化遗产视域下的美育教育实践为基础,对高校美育教育路径进行研究.

在完成文献检索评级、综述总结撰写的基础上,通过专家调查问卷及专家论证会、公开征求意见等步骤形成《儿童鼻鼽中医诊疗指南(修订)》.修订内容主要包含指南适用范围、规范性引用文件、术语定义、诊断、辨证、治疗、预防和调护建议等,旨在突出临床实用性,为合理、规范应用中医药进行儿童鼻鼽防治提供关键的理论与实践指导.

目的:拟挖掘分析中药内服复方专利制剂治疗便秘的用药规律,为研发中药新方提供参考.方法:通过检索国家专利数据库中治疗便秘的内服中药复方,运用Excel表格建立数据库并对药物频数、性味归经进行统计,运用SPSS 26.0软件进行聚类分析、因子分析,IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0软件进行Apriori关联规则分析.结果:纳入治疗便秘的中药内服复方专利数据1156项、涉及中药1051味,得到核心药物:当归、火麻仁、白术、大黄、枳实、肉苁蓉、厚朴、黄芪、白芍;高频药物多归肺、肝、脾胃经,性味多为甘、寒,药物类别以补虚药、泻下药为主.核心对药有当归-黄芪、当归-白芍等,角药有当归-黄芪、白术;当归-肉苁蓉、白术等;并得到4组新的药物组合.结论:国家中药复方专利制剂治疗便秘有规律可循,多以益气养血、滋阴润燥、泻热通便等为治疗原则,得到的核心药物和药物组合有助于指导临床用药.

《儿科醒》为清代医者芝屿樵客所著的一部中医儿科专著,其内容丰富,言语精炼,书中针对儿科诊治之法进行了详细论述,包含芝屿樵客强调"四诊合参,辨证精当""用药审慎,保护元气""顾护脾胃,注重调护""力纠时弊,师古不泥古"等临证经验,并对古今诸多医界弊习进行批判,集中体现了芝屿樵客强调四诊合参,明诊断、慎用药、保元气、顾脾胃、重调护等学术思想及其针砭时弊、悲天悯人的高尚医德,对临床具有一定指导意义.

目的 探讨地黄饮子加减方对帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)肾虚血瘀证大鼠黑质纹状体中α-突触核蛋白(α-synuclein,α-syn)的影响.方法 80只大鼠根据Rand函数分为正常组(PDZC组)、疾病组(PDJB组)、肾虚血瘀组(SXXY组)、地黄饮子加减方组(DHYZ组)各20只.造模成功后DHYZ组灌胃地黄饮子加减方,余下各组灌胃等量生理盐水.每周记录观测各组大鼠体质量值,用药3周后,分别观察各组大鼠给药前后外观形态变化,行悬挂实验.行为学实验结束后各组大鼠断头处死,剖脑取黑质纹状体.运用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠黑质纹状体内α-syn阳性表达结果.结果 SXXY组大鼠比PDZC组体质量明显降低(P<0.05),DHYZ组相较SXXY组大鼠体质量明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).SXXY组大鼠出现皮毛变黄,弓背姿态,对刺激反应不明显且拘捕反应明显降低,比PDZC组行为学测试得分高(P<0.05),DHYZ组皮毛稍黄,弓背姿态有所改善且拘捕反应明显,相比较SXXY组行为评分降低(P<0.01).悬挂实验结果:SXXY组大鼠与PDZC组相比得分降低(P<0.05),DHYZ组与SXXY组相比评分明显提升(P<0.01).免疫组化检测结果表明SXXY组大鼠黑质纹状体内α-syn平均光密度值明显增高(P<0.05);DHYZ组大鼠黑质纹状体内值明显降低(P<0.01).结论 地黄饮子加减方可有效降低肾虚血瘀证PD大鼠黑质纹状体内α-syn的含量.

疝气是小儿外科常见疾病,属"络病"范畴,肝经气机阻滞,肝络痹阻于下是小儿疝气发病机制,肝气郁结,寒湿侵袭及气虚下陷为主要病因,以行气止痛、温经散寒、疏肝理气为主要治法,内外同治疗效更佳.笔者基于"络以通为用"理论,以疝气外用方外敷治疗小儿疝气,重用芳香之品,善用辛温之味,巧用通络之药,为小儿疝气的临床治疗和研究提供思路.