In order to thoroughly implement the national research on peak carbon dioxide emissions' carbon neutral strategy, this paper uses China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) network database to search the literature reports on the theme of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and makes bibliometric analysis from key words, institutions and research fields. The literature mainly focuses on 2020-2021;the research hotspots are peak carbon dioxide emissions, carbon neutrality, and carbon emission. After analysis, the relevant research in the fishery field is still in the initial stage, and the construction of monitoring system and platform needs to be further strengthened to provide technical support for realizing the goal of "double carbon"in the fishery field in the future.

为优化滨海型盐碱地池塘养殖模式,提高池塘养殖效益,促进渔民增收,2021年8 月17日,天津市淡水养殖产业 技术体系首席专家缴建华硏究员带领天津市水产所淡水鱼养殖岗位专家及其团队深入西青区试验站、市水产所淡水试验站、天津超林水产养殖有限公司开展养殖技支术服务.

近年来天津地区大口黑鲈产业的迅速发展给淡水养殖业带来了新的生机和活力,养殖规模也逐年加大.通过收集相关资料和实地调研,运用SWOT分析方法和德尔菲法得出天津地区大口黑鲈产业发展宜选择多种经营型战略,提出增强大口黑鲈产业链的自主性和可控性、提升大口黑鲈产品竞争力、研发环保节约型的水产养殖工艺等建议.

"福瑞鲤2号"的原始亲本为建鲤、黄河鲤和黑龙江野鲤,育种策略是通过完全双列杂交建立自交、正反交家系构成选育基础群体,以生长性状和成活率作为主要指标,采用数量遗传学BLUP(最佳线性无偏预测)分析,结合家系选育的综合选育技术,连续5代选育[1]."福瑞鲤2号"体形为深受养殖户和消费者喜爱的长体形,体长/体高为3.63,适宜在全国各地人工可控的淡水水体中养殖[2].

“福瑞鲤2号”是以建鲤、黄河鲤和黑龙江野鲤为原始亲本,经连续5代选育而成的新品种.“福瑞鲤2号”体形好,体长/体高为3.63,为深受养殖户和消费者喜爱的长体形,适宜在全国各地人工可控的淡水水体中养殖.2019年,在天津市水产研究所淡水试验站进行了“福瑞鲤2号”的苗种培育试验.现将试验结果汇报如下.

Ecopath模型是Ecopath with Ecosim(EwE)软件中的一个重要模块,是研究生态系统能量流动和物质循环的重要方法.通过量化生态系统能流特征,构建资源节约、环境友好的高效生态养殖模式是当前渔业产业高质量发展的必然趋势.本文简单介绍了生态通道模型的基本组成,归纳了利用模型构建多营养层次立体综合种养模式的相关研究;系统分析了该模型在池塘养殖生态系统结构与功能、食物网特征、能流动态分析、综合评价等方面的特点;探索该模型在构建高效生态养殖模式的经济效益、生态效益和环境效益的综合评价体系.本文旨在为Ecopath模型在池塘养殖生态系统综合评价、模式构建、科学管理等方面的应用提供科学参考.

Ecopath model is an important evaluation model in the field of ecological research.At present,Ecopath model is mainly applied in the structure of food web,material circulation and energy flow,environmental capacity and so on.The Ecopath models in ocean,lake and reservoir ecosystems were reviewed,including the ecological nutrient conversion efficiency(EE),ecosystem characteristic index(CI),Niche Overlap and energy flow characteristics of trophic level.The practical significance of Ecopath model in marine ecosystem evaluation and application is expounded by comparing and analyzing the literature data,which provides the technical support for the scientific management of inland ecosystem in the future.

In order to investigate the environmental remediation of non-woven ecological base in the pond culture of Litopenaeus vannamei, the experiment set 3 kinds of density treatments of non-woven ecological bases, which included 900 m2·hm-2 (group Ⅰ) , 1 200 m2·hm-2 (group Ⅱ) and 1 500 m2·hm-2 (group Ⅲ) , the treatment with no ecological basis was as control (CK).The culture mode was mainly for the cultivation of prawn, intercropping with the common carp, silver carp, bighead carp and grass carp.The water quality and sediment indicators of the pond were monitored monthly, which included 13 water quality indicators such as ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index (CODMn) , active phosphate, copper, nitrate nitrogen, zinc, suspended solids, nitrite nitrogen, salinity, total nitrogen, total alkalinity, total phosphorus, total hardness, etc, and 6 sediment indicators such as sulfide, copper, zinc, organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus.The results showed that it was difficult to judge the environment of each group according to the difference of single indicators.According to the comprehensive analysis of 19 indicators by VIKOR method, the environment of the four treatment ponds from good to bad was I, CK, Ⅱ, Ⅲ.Therefore, the reasonable density of the non-woven ecological base was 900 m2·hm-2, in the pond of the prawn culture.

项目组于2018年5月21日、27日分两次引进由湖北良种场孵化的团头鲂新品种“华海1号”乌仔300万尾,经过寄生虫检疫后将合格的乌仔投入到西青区、宝坻区、蓟州区的4个试验基地进行引进养殖试验,每个基地试验面积60亩,各引进乌仔苗种75万尾.引进的苗种先经1个月左右培育成夏花苗种,然后在4个月左右培育成一龄鱼种,试验结果表明,团头鲂“华海1号”适合在天津养殖,并可在天津当年养成鱼种,值得推广.

选取3个主养凡纳滨对虾的鱼虾混养池塘,在养殖季节(5—10月)每月对池塘水体理化性质和浮游生物进行监测.通过定期监测,研究了该类型池塘水体理化性质和浮游生物的时空变化特点.结果表明:在整个养殖过程中,pH随养殖时间延长略有上升,但是变化较小;化学需氧量和亚硝态氮呈上升趋势;总氮、总磷、锌离子、总碱度浓度呈先下降后上升趋势;氨氮浓度在养殖前期最高,随养殖时间延长逐渐下降,养殖后期趋于稳定;硝态氮浓度呈波浪形变化,但整个养殖过程浓度都比较低;活性磷浓度呈下降趋势;铜离子和悬浮物浓度呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势;盐度总体趋势平稳;总硬度呈先上升后下降趋势.养殖过程中共检测到7门38种藻类,养殖池塘浮游植物主要以绿藻门和蓝藻门为主;共检测到5类18种浮游动物,浮游动物组成主要以轮虫类和枝角类为主.综合浮游植物和浮游动物的调查结果,由Shannon-Wiener指数分级评分标准可知养殖前期的水质较差,浮游生物丰富度较低.

运用主成分分析法对三口池塘水质和沉积物共20个指标的检测结果进行了综合评价.结果 表明,在养殖前期水质最差,养殖中期水质最好,养殖后期逐渐下降.

为探讨无纺布生态基在凡纳滨对虾池塘养殖环境修复作用,试验设置900 m2·hm-2(I组)、1200 m2·hm-2(II组)和1500 m2·hm-2(III组)3个无纺布生态基的密度处理,以无生态基处理为对照(CK),养殖模式为主养凡纳滨对虾,套养鲤鱼、鲢、鱅和草鱼,监测了不同处理组浮游生物状况在整个养殖周期的变化特征.结果表明:与CK相比较,无纺布生态基处理在凡纳滨对虾养殖过程中监测到的浮游植物和浮游动物的种类相对较少,但硅藻、绿藻等浮游植物优势种数显著增加(P<0.05),而I组浮游动物的优势种数显著降低(P<0.05);无纺布生态基处理中I组和II组浮游植物种类分布丰富度显著降低(P<0.05),浮游植物多样性指数、均匀度指数及浮游动物多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);随着生态基设置密度的提高,浮游动物的优势种数量不断增加.综合说明,放置生态基有利于浮游植物优势种的形成,结合浮游动物优势种的变化,3个生态基放置密度中组I(900 m2·hm-2)最合理.

一、天津地区养殖概况 1．内陆养殖概况 2016年,全市内陆养殖总面积35191hm2,其中,池塘养殖面积31020hm2（占内陆养殖总面积的88%）,水库等养殖面积4171hrr12（占内陆养殖总面积的1 1.9％）,工厂化养殖体积224435m3.养殖总产量为312386t,其中池塘养殖产量301487t(占内陆养殖总产量的96.5%).我市内陆养殖方式主要是池塘养殖.

为研究虾塘和鱼虾混养塘在铺设生态基前后浮游植物的变化,对养殖池塘的水化学指标氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐及浮游植物定性定量分析.结果表明,绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)、蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)、裸藻门(Euglenophyta)、隐藻门(Cryptohyta)分别占浮游藻类种类总数的37.04％、18.52％、33.33％、7.41％、3.70％;且生态基的铺设对养殖池塘的水质影响不显著,但影响了养殖池塘浮游植物群落结构.发现生态基的铺设可以改善养殖的生态环境.

池塘工程化循环水养殖具有产量高、技术含量高、劳动强度小、周期短、节约土地和水资源等特点.为此,2017年在天津建立三个试验基地,开展以草鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、鮰鱼、鲈鱼为主的池塘工程化生态养殖试验,平均单产达100 kg/m2以上.

关于生态基在养鱼池塘中作用的研究已有报道,但是关于天津地区滨海型盐碱地池塘主养凡纳滨对虾条件下生态基的合理设置密度还没有报道.本研究在天津市西青区畜牧水产业发展服务中心第二水产养殖基地开展利用生态基调控凡纳滨对虾池塘水质的试验,以期探索生态基的合理设置密度,以期为当地凡纳滨对虾池塘养殖的水质调控提供参考.

The characteristics of nekton composition were preliminarily analyzed based on the bottom trawl surveys in the southern coastal waters off Tianjin in May and August 2014. Results indicated that 36 species were collected from the bottom trawl surveys. The mean densities were 126297.13 ind/km2 and 1494.40 kg/km2. The species richness d, the Shannon diversity index H, and the evenness index J were 1.083, 0.592, and 0.537 for the nekton community, respectively. The dominant species were Oratosquilla oratoria, and the important species wereLoligo beka,Charybdis japonica,Clupanodon punctatus. and Chaeturichthys hexanema. The fishery resources were char-acterized by fishes of low values.

Macrobenthos investigation was carried out at eleven sampling stations in the Special Marine Reserve of Tianjin Dagang Coastal Wetland in May of 2015.The results showed that 32 species of macrobenthos belonging to 7 phyla existed in the study area,among which 10 were Arthropoda,9 Mollusca,5 Echinodermata and 8 the others.The range of density of macrobenthos in the investigated seawater was 20~19 610 ind/m2,with an average of 1 872.27 ind/m2,and the range of biomass was 17.75~11 213.50 g/m2,with an average of 1 241.69 g/m2.In particular,Musculus senhousei had been the predominant species in the investigated seawater.Mean Shannon-Weiner diversity index was 1.369,mean Margalef index was 0.546,and mean Pielou index was 0.614.The above community structure characters indicated that the status of the ecological environment in the Special Marine Reserve of Tianjin Dagang Coastal Wetland was poor.

天津静海团泊地区养殖水域一万多亩,养殖品种多为鲢、鳙、鲤、鲫、草鱼、乌鳢,近几年很多池塘套养南美白对虾.由于池塘是由盐碱地开挖或培埝直接建成导致池塘水质硬度、碱度、盐度较高,钙、镁离子浓度较大,盐度一般达4~8.池水多由生活污水而来,氨氮含量较高,春季放鱼前一般4毫克/升左右,非常适宜小三毛金藻的生长繁殖.小三毛金藻原来是海洋种类,对盐度适应性强,在盐度0.5~9.2水体均可生存,在盐度4~8水体中易形成优势种.其主要原因是与盐度有关.盐度5~8是大多淡水生物的盐度上限和海洋生物的下限,淡水藻类生长环境受限不易大量繁殖,有利于小三毛金藻的生长.

A rearing trial was carried out to monitoring and analysis of growth and survival of 5 shellfish species ,the bottom quality and food organism in the test area to evaluate the culture adaptability of these shellfish in intertidal zone of Dagang ,Tianjin .The results showed that the shellfish grew slowly and had heavy loss from May to August ,but showed opposite case from September to November .The ooze at bot‐tom was thick and the food organisms in sea water was insufficient in summer ,and the opposite case was observed in Spring or August .It was found that the beach was suitable for cultivation of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and Scapharcasubcrenata ,less suitable for the cultivation of Ruditapes philippinarum and Cyclina sinensis ,and not suitable for Sinonovacula constrzcta .