As rural communities worldwide confront slow-onset disturbances such as population loss, cultural erosion, and social restructuring, strengthening rural resilience has become an important concern. Existing research has emphasized the role of community capital in enhancing rural resilience, yet cultural capital has received comparatively little attention. Moreover, how different forms of community capital interact and develop synergies, as well as the conditions under which this process occurs, remains insufficiently explained. Drawing on a longitudinal case study of Gu Village in Jiangxi Province, China, this study integrates cultural capital theory with a neo-endogenous development perspective to develop an analytical framework in which capital reproduction enhances rural resilience. The findings show that cultural capital strengthens rural resilience through a process of capital reproduction comprising activation–conversion–accumulation. Through dynamic interactions with social and economic capital, cultural capital enables synergistic conversion among different forms of capital and strengthens villages’ capacities for resistance and recovery, adaptation, and transformation. Further analysis shows that synergistic conversion among different forms of capital does not occur automatically; rather, it depends on such enabling conditions as institutional embedding, cultural translation, and organizational anchoring. This study extends process-based explanations of how cultural capital contributes to rural resilience and identifies the conditions that enable synergistic conversion among different forms of capital, providing a new theoretical perspective for understanding how synergies among forms of community capital emerge.

Using a sample of initial public offerings (IPOs) of firms listed on Chinas capital market between 2009 and 2022, this study examines the impact of IPO oversubscription on corporate employment decisions. We document that IPO oversubscription is associated with a reduction in employment. Mediation analysis shows that companies with oversubscribed IPOs are more inclined to use the funds to engage in corporate financialization practices, which in turn inhibits employment growth. Cross-sectional tests suggest that the negative effects of IPO oversubscription on corporate employment are more pronounced for firms with non-state ownership, high levels of tunneling by controlling shareholders, and heightened industry competition. Further analysis shows that IPO oversubscription significantly reduces the number of employees across all education levels. Moreover, IPO oversubscription negatively affects firms' market valuation. Collectively, our findings indicate that IPO oversubscription advances corporate financialization at the expense of employment.

数字化转型是当前地方政府治理变革的重要赛道.已有研究大多关注数字化转型先行省份的改革经验与创新扩散,忽略了非对等结构下"跟进型"地方政府政策转移、技术吸纳、创新竞争的策略行动.基于府际关系和政策创新扩散理论,构建包含"府际竞争度"和"创新行动力"两个维度的分析框架,将地方政府数字化转型的跟进策略划分为"竞争-扩充式"跟进、"学习-在地化"跟进、"吸纳-协调式"跟进和"观望-被动式"跟进四种模式.在此基础上,运用多案例研究方法考察地方政府数字化转型的不同实践样态.对比发现,贵州、湖北、重庆、辽宁四地政务服务改革的扩散跟进在范围、路径和结果上存在差异."压力驱动-对标竞争-创新示范"是地方政府创新跟进的一般逻辑,也反映了地方政府"为增长而竞争"和"为创新而竞争"的双向竞争格局.

The relationship between rural poverty and welfare effects is a significant social issue, as poor areas face challenges like fragile livelihoods, nutritional imbalances, and inadequate policy regulation. Studying welfare effects in impoverished rural areas is vital for addressing capability poverty and achieving the United Nations SDGs. This study examines three decades of research, using a quantitative literature analysis and traditional literature review. It identifies three research characteristics: focus on poverty and inequality, the impact of rural vulnerability on welfare effects, and farm households' higher psychological needs. Research encompasses four key areas: theoretical research, measurement of welfare effects, factors influencing welfare effects, and strategies for improvement. Future research should link welfare policies to enhance rural nutrition, clarify rural-community interactions, and improve subject relations to boost overall welfare.

The paired assistance approach is an important measure for achieving poverty alleviation in China. The sustainable development of poverty-stricken areas after poverty alleviation has become an important task in preventing a return to poverty and promoting rural revitalization. Paired assistance is a dynamic process of balanced economic, social, and population development. This study establishes a system dynamics (SD) model for developing poverty-stricken regions under paired assistance. This study takes Lvchun County in Yunnan Province as the research object, designates six scenarios, and simulates the development of Lvchun County from 2019 to 2035 to evaluate its sustainable development after poverty alleviation. The results show that the cessation of poverty alleviation funding will not increase the incidence of poverty under paired assistance but will lead to an unbalanced scenario of “poor people and a rich government”. In the multi-scenario simulation, only by continuing the cooperation foundation formed by paired assistance and paying attention to the resource endowment of poverty-stricken areas can collaborative development be adopted to achieve sustainable development by 2030. This result may be a valuable resource for the world’s underdeveloped regions to reference as they seek to eliminate poverty, reduce the risk of returning to poverty, and promote sustainable development.

自新时代中国变革性实践以来,地方政府价值主张和治理理念发生深刻转变.在此背景下,财政分权制度安排能否更好地改进城市生产效率,其演进轨迹与内在机理是否呈现新的特征,成为亟须回应的问题.基于2013-2019年中国281个城市的面板数据,采用两阶段系统GMM和动态面板门槛模型等估计方法,并考虑财政透明对地方政府权力的制约作用,系统检验了党的十八大以来财政分权与城市全要素生产率的非线性关系,以及财政透明对两者非线性关系的调节效应.为缓解内生性问题,运用文本挖掘技术构造地方政府贫困治理注意力指数,并将其作为财政分权的工具变量进行了稳健性检验,结论依然成立.研究发现:财政分权对城市全要素生产率具有"居中不良"效应,两者呈U形关系,这种关系由技术效率和规模效率主导;财政透明使财政分权与城市全要素生产率的U形关系曲线变得更加平缓,同时使U形曲线的拐点向左平移.进一步分析发现,上述结论在资源型和非资源型城市中存在显著异质性,特别是财政分权对技术进步的非线性影响以及财政透明对财政分权与技术进步非线性关系的调节效应截然相反.此外,动态面板门槛模型检验结果表明:财政分权处于高门槛区间时可以放大信息化水平、市场一体化和对外开放带来的经济效应;财政透明与对外开放具有良性互动的关系,并且能够在一定程度上化解对外开放与市场一体化"替代效应"的张力.研究有助于重新审视新时代下财政分权制度的经济效应,为地方政府深化财政体制改革释放制度红利提供了新的经验证据.

作为乡村有效治理的重要议题,村民自治制度如何塑造村庄自治行动者行动仍需更深入的理论解释.引入制度理论与场域理论,构建"制度场域"分析框架,基于G市A村的个案研究,对村民自治制度如何塑造村庄行动者行动的内在机理及实践逻辑进行阐释.研究发现,村民自治制度塑造村庄行动者行动的关键在于能否建构起村民自治制度场域.村民自治制度场域的建构离不开规制性要素、规范性要素和认知性要素的组合供给.其中,专门行动者、监督机制和外部资源赋予等规制性要素供给赋予场域权威性机制,议事内容的利益相关性、议事主体的代表性和议事流程的可操作性等规范性要素供给赋予场域可行性机制,物理空间、脚本符号和角色认知等认知性要素供给赋予场域合理性机制.村民自治制度对村庄行动者的行动塑造主要通过场域机制的作用发挥,表现为自治制度场域惯习和资本.

后真相时代,突发公共事件产生的网络舆情可能被情绪所左右、受到流量裹挟而导致真相异化.传统的治理模式难以应对,多元主体协同共治成为破局的必然选择.重庆山火救援作为一起受到高度关注的突发公共事件,在事件层—情感层—行动层实现了线上线下协同共治,成为开展网络舆情协同治理研究的范本.网络舆情协同治理要在坚持群众路线的基础上,重视主体性能的回归;通过技术创新,达到治理中的精准共情;优化制度协同,开展联合行动.

Agricultural inputs have a significant catabatic effect on rural poverty at present. However, few studies have assessed whether agricultural inputs inhibit the intending probability of being vulnerable to rural poverty, referred to as poverty vulnerability. Poverty vulnerability studies, which focus on the likeli-hood of poverty among households in the future, have forward-looking and prognostic features in poverty research. Such research provides essential tools for describing mechanisms that can eradicate poverty. This study investigates the impact of agricultural inputs on rural poverty vulnerability and the mechanisms of action, using data from the 2015 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS). The empirical results show that agricultural inputs significantly suppress the probability of rural poverty vulnerability. The results hold after replacing the poverty criterion, poverty vulnerability criterion, and core explanatory variables. To overcome the endogeneity problem created by possible reverse cau-sality and omitted variables in the baseline model, this study uses the instrumental variables method to test endogeneity. The study also applies a treatment effects model and propensity score matching method to estimate and address any endogeneity problems due to explanatory variables. The findings also remain robust and significant after addressing the endogeneity problem. Further analyses indicate that the inhibitive effect of agricultural inputs on rural poverty vulnerability is mainly achieved through increased agricultural yields, improved physical health, and increased opportunities for entre-preneurial behavior. A heterogeneity analysis finds that the inhibitive effect of agricultural inputs on poverty vulnerability is more pronounced in Midwest China, in households with physically healthy household heads, and in families whose leaders have risk preferences. Our findings provide empirical evidence that can help inform forward-looking and prognostic policies for developing countries when formulating anti-poverty strategies.

文章基于价值视角,探索化解乡村治理困境的社会工作干预路径."失声"与乡村价值"流失"的乡村治理困境具体表现为村庄治理中多元主体自我定位的角力、全局观念的匮乏和内生力量的桎梏.而引入社会工作实务的通用过程模式为优化乡村治理提供了操作方案,从"价值建构、价值激活、价值发挥、价值增值"的角度出发,构建"理念嵌入、资源整合、系统治理、成效维护"的社会工作介入乡村治理的实践路径,目标是在重视原有社会结构潜能基础上,发挥乡村资源要素的整合优势和本土化优势,激发内生组织的活力和凝聚力,引导村民寻求共同体意识和群体目标.社会工作力量的有效介入及其对乡村治理过程的整体性把握和系统性参与,引导乡村价值回归"乡村本位",进而有助于化解乡村邻里矛盾纠纷.

Public attitudes and behaviors towards the environment play a crucial role in sustainable development, while the growth of the digital economy not only fosters the transformation to a green economy but also influences individuals' willingness to accept economic costs for environmental protection. However, existing literature seldom analyzes from a micro perspective whether individuals' integration into the digital economy affects their environmental protection behaviors and willingness to pay. To address this gap, this study utilizes data from the 2018 Chinese General Social Survey to analyze the impact and potential mechanisms of public participation in the digital economy on the willingness to pay for environmental protection. Empirical results from the Logit model show that public participation in the digital economy significantly increases the willingness to pay for environmental protection. The results remain robust after changing the dependent variable, core explanatory variable, and regression model. To overcome potential endogeneity issues due to reverse causality and omitted variables in the baseline model, the study employs instrumental variable methods, treatment effect models, and Propensity Score Matching for endogeneity tests, and the conclusions remain robust and significant. Further research indicates that participation in the digital economy affects the willingness to pay for environmental protection by raising environmental awareness, enhancing public information dissemination, and increasing opportunities to participate in public affairs. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that urban residents, those with higher education, and individuals with strong communication skill are more likely to demonstrate a willingness to pay for environmental protection. These findings have significant implications for the digital economy's further promotion of environmentally sustainable development.

Effective rural governance is the foundation for achieving rural revitalization and promoting the modernization of China's system and governance capacity in the new era. The elucidation of the influencing factors and driving pathways underlying effective rural governance has significant importance in facilitating the advancement of rural revitalization. Drawing upon the Actor-Network Theory (ANT), this study introduces an analytical framework of "human actor dimension-non-human actor dimension". The study employs the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparison Analysis (fsQCA) to explore the effective governance pathways within 20 typical cases of rural governance. The study reveals that a cooperative-based collective economy is a necessary condition for effective governance, while possessing a resource advantage is a core condition. Villager autonomy, local culture, and new technology are marginal conditions for effective governance, while the absence of elite participation fails to promote effective governance. The combination of human variables and resource compacts gives rise to "human actor-resource compacts" and "non-human actor-resource compacts". The study further elaborates on the efficacious model of rural governance through three multifactor driving pathways: "human actor-non-human actor resource sparse linkage". The research emphasizes the importance of fortifying rural governance and revitalization through the cultivation of relationships, enhancing government management systems, embracing technological innovation, supporting community economies, and advocating mechanisms that empower rural elites and talent.

文章从工具理性与主体的关系切入,关注到指标治理与基层干部之间存在张力的问题,并基于CAS理论发现:一是指标治理的逻辑机制在于通过指标生产机制和指标实现机制来实现以确定性回应不确定性的治理目标,这个过程能否有效实现主要依靠基层干部的主体适应性,而"指标反应"现象的出现正是基层干部主体适应性难以有效发挥的现实偏差结果;二是由于基层社会治理复杂系统出现主体聚集失灵、要素流动不畅、遵循线性治理逻辑和指标治理机制失当,导致基层干部的内部治理结构适应能力不够、外部治理需求回应能力不强、非线性环境适应能力不充分和治理结果多样性不充足,最终出现"指标反应".文章的理论贡献在于,为当前指标治理研究提供一个新视角和分析框架,这不仅是回应愈加复杂的社会治理的现实需要,而且对于推动指标治理进一步发展具有重要意义.

审视并破解夜间经济政策执行困境是确保地区城市夜间经济发展实效的有力保障.借助史密斯模型,从政策文本、政策执行主体、政策目标群体和政策执行环境四个方面审视我国夜间经济政策执行过程,发现其存在政策执行困境:政策文本的数量稀缺、模糊治理和无差别对待弱化了政策执行力度,执行主体的注意力欠缺和委托代理模式引致了政策执行偏差,目标群体的分散性和参与意识淡化阻碍了政策执行进程,执行环境的市场资源错配和舆论偏见削弱了政策执行效力.要破解政策执行困境,需耦合政策文本的宏观设计与执行实践,强化执行主体的协同意识与执法监督,兼顾目标群体的反馈诉求与强化激励,倡导执行环境的资源优配与正向舆论.

BackgroundPublicity is a common form of governance in government and is even more important in contingency management, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Publicity has two sides, the main body of publicity is led by the government, the object of publicity is the response to the public. So, publicity exists in the "government-society" field. Our aim was to find out how governments have been able to achieve effective publicity in the COVID-19 and to promote the active participation of society in governance.Materials and methodsWe adopted a case study approach. Taking Chongqing Municipality as an example, we collected 201 messages from five forms of publicity, including cell phone SMS, village (community) broadcast, publicity placards or banners, official websites, and government media platforms during the period of 2020-2021, and described and analyzed the publicity content of different forms of publicity.ResultsDuring the whole period of the COVID-19, the publicity governance under contingency management showed the characteristics of focusing on administrative efficiency, social efficiency and post-social efficiency, and showed specific publicity governance functions such as mobilization and control, education and clarification, cultivation of public consciousness and shaping government credibility.ConclusionsPublicity governance in contingency management during the COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes three effective approaches: time synchronization, organizational scale, and interaction among multiple advocacy agents. This can extend the existing government-centered research to the level of interaction between the government and society, and help the government to better use effective publicity to achieve the governance task under contingency management.

当前,夜间经济治理大多受益于政府高位推动,但大部分地区城市现行相机抉择治理方式难以契合夜间经济发展态势.夜间经济发展对于城市化进程具有积极协同效应与负面溢出效应.在借鉴国外夜间经济治理经验和总结我国治理实践后,可在夜间经济治理中引入敏捷治理理论.敏捷治理作为公共管理研究领域的前沿理论,其所追求的快速、灵活、共同参与等理念和方法,为城市化进程中夜间经济治理提供了新颖的解决思路.敏捷治理下城市夜间经济具体发展路径为:确立适应优先原则,导入敏捷治理思维;借鉴无缝隙政府理论,激发善治主动性;引入助推式政策工具,权衡多主体利益;倡导基层自治,引导行业自律.

注意力配置差异体现了乡村振兴建设中不同地方政府的政策思路与工作重点,加快统筹推进乡村振兴战略需要关注并研究其背后的治理逻辑.本文以2017-2021年地方政府层面发布的410份乡村振兴政策文本为研究对象,运用扎根理论和内容分析法从时间、空间和使用策略上探究注意力配置差异并尝试解释地方政府的治理逻辑.研究发现,地方政府推动实施乡村振兴战略的注意力配置水平呈现同步性、分层化和交叉化的演变特征;在空间区位上表现出由大西南综合经济区向东北综合经济区递减的趋势;在政策工具使用中具有供给型、环境型选择偏好.在治理逻辑中,注意力竞争是政策创新扩散的内在驱动力;地方政府在中央信号机制的影响下具有纵向上适应、横向上吸收的逻辑判断与价值选择;经济偏好属性具有"塑源-合流"循环的政策影响力.由此,乡村振兴应更加关注自下而上的需求导向,简化冗余政策,增强政策的灵活性、互补性,从而提高地方政府的治理效能.

在国际技术掣肘加剧和国内创新人才供需失衡的现实背景下,优化创新人才培养政策成为实现经济高质量发展的基础.基于中国情境,运用文献计量分析法梳理了中国1996-2019年创新人才培养政策的现状、问题并提出政策方向.研究发现:我国创新人才培养的支持政策力度逐年加大,并经历了"统包统揽-高度集中-主导"三个阶段的政策演变,呈现出线性沉降、区域分化、融合推进、初形集成的形式特征,以及集中于创新价值链中后端、多元不饱和、统分联动却高度自由裁量、开放的形式化的内容特征,在前瞻性、协同性、引导性、规范性、功能性等方面存在不足,导致培养对象的识别不准与结构失衡、政策工具效率损失、组织保障逆向失配及考评结果二维异化等问题.对此,未来政策的优化,需转变重术轻学的观念,加大对基础研究的支持和供给型政策的供应,并辅之以规范和约束;强化知识产权保护,提供保护性或兜底性需求型政策;推动政府职能由主导向引导转变.本文补充了现有相关研究对全局定量分析、中国情境考察的不足.

在市域社会治理现代化背景下,识别夜间经济发展关键影响因素及构建"近悦远来"镜像,对城市精细化治理具有重要现实意义.在城市治理视角下,结合重庆地区调研数据,应用DEMATEL方法实证检验不同因素对夜间经济发展的影响程度.研究表明:"规划布局"、"信息备案"和"准入门槛"为重要的原因要素;"形象感知"、"集聚效应"和"口碑评价"为重要的结果要素;综合考量各影响因素的中心度、原因度及因素属性确定"规划布局"、"业态组合"、"宣传推广"、"自治组织"四个因素为关键影响因素.因此城市管理者应加强宏观规划,优化微观布局,推进文旅融合,促进业态升级,加大宣传力度,倡导自治管理,从而实现夜间经济健康有序发展与城市精细化治理的融合共生.

人工智能道德主体地位的确立会撼动现代社会法律及伦理秩序.学术界对人工智能道德主体地位以意向为轴的多元主张仍存在内在张力.生成进路通过"道德知觉"、有机图式分别对道德主体中的道德来源、道德目的进行建构,以强调心智与生命在道德主体形塑过程中的不可或缺性,确立了能感入他者道德世界的公共世界之非自我中心物及时间性的存在者才有资格成为道德主体.基于认知科学的生成进路道德观继承了该进路试图在心智与生命间的解释鸿沟上取得进展的传统,与离身的精神及无意的行为进行二分,提出了整合心智与生命的"道德知觉-有机图式"的道德观,这是一种与古典进路和具身进路相区别的生成进路的人工智能道德主体考量标准.