The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of complex organic trace elements on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, intestinal structure, and trace element deposition in Shanxia long-black finishing pigs. A total of 60 healthy Shanxia long-black finishing pigs with an average body weight of (50.95±0.19) kg were selected and randomly divided into an inorganic trace elements group (group ITM) and a complex organic trace elements group (group OTM), with three replicates per group and 10 pigs per replicate. The two groups were supplemented with 1 000 g/t of inorganic trace elements or complex organic trace elements in the basal diet, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted seven days, and the formal trial period lasted 106 days, including the early finishing phase (53 days) and the late finishing phase (53 days). The results showed that compared with the group ITM, the group OTM exhibited no significant changes in growth performance and carcass traits (P>0.05). The total muscle fiber area in the group OTM was significantly increased (P<0.05), the number and density of muscle fibers were extremely increased (P<0.01), and the muscle fiber diameter was extremely decreased (P<0.01). The villus height (VH) of the duodenum and jejunum in the group OTM was significantly increased (P<0.05). The crypt depth (CD) of the duodenum and ileum was extremely decreased (P<0.01), and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) was extremely increased (P<0.01). The jejunal CD was extremely increased (P<0.01), and the VH/CD was extremely decreased (P<0.01). During the early finishing phase, fecal iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) concentrations in the group OTM were extremely decreased (P<0.01), and zinc (Zn) content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). During the late finishing phase, fecal copper (Cu) and Zn concentrations were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and Fe content was extremely decreased (P<0.01). The muscle Fe content was significantly decreased (P<0.05), hepatic Cu content was extremely increased (P<0.01), Mn content was extremely decreased (P<0.01), and Fe content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The study shows that replacing 100% of inorganic trace elements with complex organic trace elements during the finishing period of Shanxia long-black pigs does not significantly improve growth performance or carcass traits, but effectively reduces fecal trace element excretion, improves intestinal structure and myofiber structure, and enhances the utilization efficiency of trace elements in the liver and muscle.

Passion fruit peel is a common byproduct of industrial passion fruit processing, yet it serves as a valuable source of diverse bioactive compounds and nutrients. However, limited attention has been paid in the literature to the nutritional properties and practical applications of passion fruit peel. This study aimed to examine the effect of fermented passion fruit peel (FPFP) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbiota of Lingshan broilers. A total of 400 female Lingshan broilers were randomly allocated to four groups with five replicates per group and 20 birds per replicate. The control group (CK) was fed a basal diet, while the experimental groups had 5% (L5), 10% (L10), and 15% (L15) of the basal diet replaced with FPFP. Growth performance and intestinal morphology were determined, and the cecal microbial community was analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. The results demonstrated that the 10% inclusion yielded optimal outcomes. Compared to all other groups, the 10% group exhibited significantly higher final body weight, total weight gain, and average daily gain (p < 0.05), coupled with a significantly lower feed-to-gain ratio (p < 0.05), while feed intake remained unaffected. Morphologically, the 10% group showed significantly greater duodenal villus height and higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05). Total intestinal length was also significantly increased in all FPFP-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). Although overall cecal microbial community structure (beta diversity) was not significantly altered, beneficial taxonomic shifts were observed. Specifically, the relative abundances of fibre-degrading Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and growth metabolism-associated Oscillibacter were significantly enriched in the 10 and 15% groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 10% FPFP significantly enhances broiler growth performance and feed efficiency. These benefits are likely mediated through improved intestinal absorptive architecture and a modulated cecal microbiota, supporting the potential of FPFP as a functional feed resource for sustainable poultry farming.

The escalating global "food-feed competition" and the drive for agricultural carbon neutrality have intensified the search for sustainable animal feed alternatives. Non-grain feed resources (NGFRs)—encompassing crop residues, agro-industrial co-products, and food waste—represent a vast nutrient reservoir. However, their direct application in monogastric and analogous aquatic animal diets is severely hindered by inherent physicochemical barriers, such as high lignocellulosic content, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), and biosafety risks (pathogens and mycotoxins). To unlock the nutritional value of NGFRs, biological transformation has emerged as a highly efficient paradigm. This review systematically evaluates current bioconversion strategies, transitioning from standalone microbial fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis to advanced insect-based bioconversion using the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens, BSF). Specifically, we highlight the disruptive innovation of the "multi-stage bioconversion system" multi-stage bioconversion networks. This synergistic approach not only accelerates fiber depolymerization and ensures profound detoxification but also maximizes nitrogen recovery and biomass accumulation. Furthermore, by integrating recent multi-omics data—spanning 16S rRNA sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics—this paper elucidates the underlying mechanisms by which these upcycled resources modulate the "feed-gut-muscle" axis. Bioconverted NGFRs actively remodel the host's intestinal microecology, leverage AMPs for pathogen competitive exclusion, and significantly enhance terminal meat quality through improved antioxidant capacity and optimized lipid deposition. Despite scale-up challenges, current techno-economic and life cycle assessments confirm the long-term profitability of these integrated systems. Ultimately, the multi-stage bioconversion of NGFRs stands as a vital engine for achieving sustainable bio-manufacturing, ensuring global protein security, and fostering a circular bioeconomy.

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal with sesame meal on the growth performance, meat quality, and serum biochemical indexes in Lingshan native chickens. A total of 360 healthy 76-day-old Lingshan native chickens (hens) with good physical condition were randomly divided into three groups, with six replicates per group and 20 chickens per replicate. The control group (group CON) was fed a basal diet, while experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ had 15% and 30% of the soybean meal replaced with sesame meal, respectively. The pre-test period was five days, and the formal test period was 56 days. The results showed that compared with group CON, there were no significant differences of the growth performance indexes in the experimental group Ⅰ (P>0.05). The average daily gain and final body weight in experimental group Ⅱ were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the feed-to-gain ratio was significantly increased (P<0.05). The shear force of breast muscle in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The breast muscle lightness (L*) value and yellowness (b*) value in the experimental group Ⅱ were significantly increased (P<0.05), the leg muscle pH24 h value and L* value were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the leg muscle redness (a*) value was significantly decreased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in breast muscle drip loss, a* value, and pH45 min value among the groups (P>0.05), while there were no significant differences in leg muscle shear force, pH45 min value, drip loss, and b* value (P>0.05). The diameter of breast muscle fibers in the experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was significantly reduced (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in the cross-sectional area of breast muscle fibers, leg muscle fiber diameter, and cross-sectional area among the groups (P>0.05). Serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content in the experimental group Ⅱ were significantly increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in other serum biochemical indexes between the groups (P>0.05). The study shows that the recommended replacement level of soybean meal with sesame meal in the diet of Lingshan native chickens is 15%.

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of liquid feeding fermented corn straw on the growth performance and body health of finishing pigs. A total of 80 healthy 'Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire' crossbred finishing pigs were randomly divided into two groups, with four replicates per group and ten pigs per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental group was used 5% fermented corn straw to replace an equivalent amount of corn in the basal diet. The pre-test period was seven days, and the formal test period was 77 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the growth performance and slaughter performance of the experimental group were not significantly different (P>0.05). The heart index was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and total bilirubin (TBIL) content were extremely decreased (P<0.01). Serum albumin (ALB) content and albumin-to-globulin ratio (A/G) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations were extremely increased (P<0.01). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) content was significantly increased (P<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) content were extremely decreased (P<0.01). The study indicates that liquid feeding of 5% fermented corn stalks in equal amounts to replace corn has no negative impact on the growth performance and slaughter performance of finishing pigs, and can improve the health of the body by enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions.

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of liquid feeding with fermented corn stover on the intestinal health and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 80 'Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire' crossbred finishing pigs were randomly divided into two groups, with four replicates per group and 10 pigs per replicate. Adopting liquid feeding mode, the control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental group was given an equal amount of 5% fermented corn stover as a substitute for corn in the basal diet. The pre-test period was seven days, and the formal test period was 77 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the lipase activity in the ileum in experimental group was extremely increased (P<0.01), the amylase and trypsin activities in the jejunum were significantly increased (P<0.05). The content of unsaturated fatty acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle was significantly increased (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in intestinal morphology and amino acid composition in the longissimus dorsi muscle (P>0.05). The study indicates that under liquid feeding conditions, replacing 5% of dietary corn with fermented corn stover can improve intestinal health and enhance meat quality in finishing pigs.

Hemp seed cake (HSC) (Cannabis sativa L.) is a high-quality plant-derived protein source rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). To assess the effects of HSC addition in diets on the growth and meat quality in broiler chicken, a total of 240 female three-yellow chickens (50 days of age) were randomly assigned to four groups and fed with varying levels of HSC (0% (HSC0), 5% (HSC5), 10% (HSC10), and 20% (HSC20)) for 9 weeks. As a result, the daily feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were significantly increased in the HSC20 group. Moreover, the meat quality traits, including the meat colour, water-holding capacity, intramuscular fat content, and proportion of n-3 PUFA significantly improved, and the expression of lipid synthesis genes, were increased in the HSC20 group. Meanwhile, the development of immune organs and the anti-inflammatory capabilities were enhanced in the HSC20 group. In addition, the blood lipid of chicken was reduced by improving the lipid metabolism in the HSC20 group. Therefore, adding 20% HSC in the feed had a notable effect on the growth, antioxidant and immune capabilities, blood lipid metabolism, and meat performance of the female three-yellow chickens. These findings provide significant information for improving the production performance of broiler chickens through the effective utilization of HSC.

Laying hens in the late laying period often experience reduced productivity and declining egg and meat quality, which limits breeding efficiency and resource utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of multi-component Botanical Crude Extracts (BCEs) on egg and meat quality, metabolic health, and gut microbiota in aged laying hens. A total of 4320 hens were supplemented with 0.3% BCEs for 100 days, with evaluations at 60 and 100 days. BCE supplementation significantly enhanced egg flavor by promoting aromatic and fat-soluble volatiles and reducing odorous compounds (p < 0.05). BCEs improved yolk nutrition by enriching n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and optimizing the n-6/n-3 ratio (p < 0.05). A moderate reduction in amino acids was observed, which may reduce bitterness and ammonia burden (0.05 ≤ p < 0.10, trend). In muscle, BCEs improved protein–fat distribution, increased intramuscular fat, and enhanced flavor-related metabolites, significantly improving meat quality of culled hens (p < 0.05). BCEs also reshaped gut microbiota, reducing harmful taxa and promoting short-chain fatty acid and aromatic metabolite biosynthesis (p < 0.05). Serum metabolomics revealed modulation of AMPK, calcium, and cholesterol pathways, improving antioxidant capacity and lipid regulation (p < 0.05). Correlation analyses linked beneficial bacteria and metabolites with yolk DHA levels and flavor (p < 0.05). Overall, BCEs enhanced egg and meat quality and physiological health, providing guidance for functional feed strategies in aged laying hens.

This study aimed to reveal the effects and regulatory mechanism of dietary NDF on the performance of pigs by multi-omics analysis. Results showed that 16 % dietary NDF significantly improved meat quality, increased flavor amino acid content, and reduced backfat thickness and the feed-to-gain ratio. 16S rDNA sequencing showed that 16 % NDF significantly increased the abundance of Akkermansia, Lachnoclostridium, and Ruminococcus. Transcript analysis showed that genes related to muscle development and lipid metabolism were significantly modified. Metabonomic analysis showed that 16 % NDF significantly increased amino and fatty acid related metabolites. Correlation analysis suggested that 16 % NDF treatment may alter the gut microbiota and metabolites, regulate the expression of genes related to lipid and amino metabolism, and ultimately affect the flavor and performance of pigs. This study provides a novel understanding about the effect and regulatory mechanism of NDF supplements on the finishing pigs and a relevant reference for the improvement of diet formulation.

本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质水平的全混合食叶草发酵饲粮对育肥猪生长性能、血液指标及胴体性状的影响.选取平均体重大约为80 kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交育肥猪80头,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头.对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型全混合发酵饲粮(粗蛋白质水平为16.11％),试验组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组)分别饲喂不同蛋白质水平的全混合食叶草发酵饲粮(粗蛋白质水平分别为14.13％、12.17％、10.30％).试验期42 d.结果表明:1)试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组平均日增重均极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).试验Ⅱ组平均日采食量极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P＜0.01),显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P＜0.05).试验Ⅲ组料重比极显著低于其他各组(P＜0.01).2)试验Ⅰ组中间细胞比率显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05).对照组中性粒细胞比率显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05).试验Ⅱ组红细胞计数和血红蛋白含量显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05).试验Ⅰ组红细胞压积显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).试验Ⅱ组平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组(P＜0.05).试验Ⅲ组血小板计数显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P＜0.05).试验Ⅱ组血小板平均体积显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P＜0.05).试验Ⅱ组血小板压积显著低于试验Ⅲ组(P＜0.05).3)试验Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白A含量显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05).试验Ⅰ组血清总蛋白含量显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05).试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组血清尿素氮含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).4)试验Ⅲ组瘦肉率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).综上所述,在本研究条件下,不同蛋白质水平的全混合食叶草发酵饲粮均不同程度提高了育肥猪的生长性能,其中试验Ⅲ组生长性能表现最佳,同时提高了育肥猪的瘦肉率.

芒果中含有黄酮类化合物、没食子酸等天然活性成分,具有改善动物机体肠道健康和调节动物机体免疫等生物学功能.芒果加工副产物以及芒果提取物等作为饲粮或者饲料添加剂,具有较高的潜在应用前景.文章综述芒果营养成分、香气成分、功能性成分及其在家禽生产中的研究现状,旨为芒果提取物在家禽生产中的综合利用提供参考.

试验旨在探究嗜酸乳杆菌、屎肠球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌组成的复合益生菌在不同添加量下对绍兴鸭血清生化指标、盲肠短链脂肪酸及微生物区系的影响.试验选用健康、体重相近1日龄绍兴鸭1200只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复60只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,A组在基础饲粮的基础上添加100 mg/kg复合益生菌,B组在基础饲粮的基础上添加200 mg/kg复合益生菌,C组在基础饲粮的基础上添加300 mg/kg复合益生菌.预试期3 d,正试期30 d.结果表明:与对照组相比,①各试验组的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食(ADFI)量在数值上有增加趋势(P>0.05);各试验组的料重比显著降低(P<0.05),其中B组较其他试验组相比降低比率较大,为4.2%.②各试验组血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶等指标差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组血清中免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量极显著增加(P<0.01),而血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量差异不显著(P>0.05).③各试验组盲肠中乙酸含量显著增加(P<0.05),盲肠中丙酸和丁酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05),A组盲肠异戊酸含量差异显著(P<0.05).④基于门水平,各试验组拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度均差异显著(P<0.05);基于属水平,差异菌属瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus_torques＿group)和拉氏鳞毛蕨属(Lachnoclo stridium)差异显著(P<0.05).综上所述,复合益生菌可降低绍兴鸭料重比,提高血清中IgM、IgA含量;增加盲肠中乙酸含量以及拟杆菌门和拟杆菌属的丰度,降低厚壁菌门的丰度,且在配合饲料中添加100～200 mg/kg剂量较好.

Mango contains flavonoids, gallic acid and other natural active ingredients, which has biological functions such as improving animal intestinal health and regulating animal immunity. Mango processing by-products and mango extract have a high potential application prospect as dietary or feed additives. The paper summarizes the nutritional value components, functional components and its research status in poultry production, in order to provide reference for the comprehensive utilization of mango extract in animal husbandry production.

试验旨在探究溶菌酶单体和溶菌酶多聚体对蛋鸡抗氧化、肠道形态及肠道菌群影响比较.随机选取体重、生理状态基本一致的 23 周龄 360 只蛋鸡,随机分为 3 组,每组 6 个重复,每个重复 20 只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,处理I组饲喂基础饲粮+500 mg/kg溶菌酶单体,处理Ⅱ组饲喂基础饲粮+500 mg/kg溶菌酶多聚体.预试期 7 d,正试期 49 d.结果表明:与对照组相比,溶菌酶单体组和溶菌酶多聚体组蛋鸡血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、回肠隐窝深度以及肠道厚壁菌门相对丰度显著降低,绒/隐、肠道菌群Sobs指数、Shannon指数、Ace指数以及拟杆菌门相对丰富度显著提高,溶菌酶多聚体组蛋鸡血小板总数和粒细胞数目以及十二指肠绒/隐显著显著提高,十二指肠隐窝深度显著降低;溶菌酶单体组和溶菌酶多聚体组蛋鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均有上升趋势,十二指肠、空肠、回肠的pH均有下降的趋势(P>0.05).由此可见,本试验条件下添加溶菌酶多聚体可以提高抗氧化能力,改善肠道形态,提高肠道菌群丰富度,提高机体健康.

Plant-derived exosomes (PLDEs) are small extracellular vesicles that encapsulate proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, and they are usually involved in intercellular communication and molecular transport in plants. PLDEs are widely used in the therapy of diseases due to their abundance and easy availability. The diverse roles of PLDEs, which include transportation of drugs, acting as biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases and their roles in different therapies, suggest that there is a need to fully understand all the mechanisms involved in order to provide the optimum conditions for their therapeutic use. This review summarizes the biogenesis, components and functions of PLDEs and focuses on their use as therapeutic agents in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. It also explores new ideas for novel approaches in which PLDEs could potentially help patients with inflammatory diseases in the future.

建设现代畜牧业是中国特色农业现代化发展的重要任务.面对畜牧业转型升级而人才培养跟不上时代发展的危机,综合性大学应调整人才培养模式来适应社会需求的改变.高校是人才培养、思想汇聚和科学研究的高地,肩负着科技创新、人才培养、促进经济社会发展的责任和义务.本文从畜牧行业的转型升级入手,在新农科人才的核心理念下,以"技术、项目、人才"为纽带,打造"入口协同、过程融合、出口互动"的全程培养模式,构建形如"螺栓一螺母"紧密相扣的"五有"领军型人才培养体系,通过"共创、共建、共享"的方式,校企双方以需求为导向,明确培养目标,围绕培养目标优化课程体系,开阔教育视野,完善育人方案,共建协作平台来提高企业参与育人积极性,升级知识结构以达到产业集群对人才标准的要求,加强过程监督提高培养复合型人才的能力,把关毕业论文严守人才出口,评价人才质量并反馈培养责任主体,不断完善培养模式,提高了校企双方培养人才的积极性,实现了人才培养的过程参与资源共享,进而推动畜牧业现代化的发展进程.

探讨牛至油对慢性氨氮胁迫下幼鲤各器官组织结构的保护作用,为集约化水产养殖提供参考依据.挑选450尾初始体重为(17.02±0.40)g的幼鲤,随机分为6组:L、L0、L300、L600、L900、L1200(L为对照组,养于正常水体中并饲喂基础饲料;其余5组为试验组,养于<4.87±0.21>mg/L氨氮水体中并分别饲喂添加0、300、600、900、1200 mg/kg牛至油的试验饲料),每组设3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼,养殖试验为期56 d.结果表明,添加量为900 mg/kg时,牛至油对鳃、肝、肾组织发挥的缓解作用最大;当牛至油添加量达到1200 mg/kg时,其缓解氨氮胁迫的作用降低.日粮中牛至油添加量为300、600、900 mg/kg可以显著增加肠绒毛高度;当牛至油添加量达到1200 mg/kg时,牛至油对于肠绒毛的促生长作用减弱.在试验条件下,日粮中添加900 mg/kg的牛至油能够最大程度地缓解由氨氮胁迫造成的幼鲤鳃、肝和肾组织的损伤,并且对于幼鲤肠绒毛的生长具有促进作用.

试验旨在研究添加湿态发酵饲料对三黄鸡雏鸡的影响.试验在基础日粮(F0组)中添加10％(F10组)、15％(F15组)、20％(F20组)和25％(F25组)的湿态发酵饲料,分析对育雏期三黄鸡的生长性能、免疫功能、血清抗氧化性能的影响,为湿态发酵饲料在三黄鸡育雏期的应用提供科学依据.结果表明:①随着湿态发酵饲料添加比例的提高,雏鸡平均日采食量显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05),体重、平均日增重得到改善,但差异不显著(P>0.05).②法氏囊指数、胸腺指数显著提高(P<0.05),脾脏指数提高(P>0.05);免疫球蛋白显著提高(P<0.05);F20组新城疫病毒(ND)和F25组AI-H7N9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)的抗体水平显著高于F0组(P<0.05),明显增强机体免疫性能和抗病力.③各试验组雏鸡血清抗氧化指标显著提高(P<0.05);F25组的肉鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著高于F0组(P<0.05),各组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于F0组(P<0.05).综上所述,添加湿态发酵饲料可以显著提高雏鸡抗病力和抗氧化能力,提高雏鸡对环境的适应能力,添加比例以20％效果最佳.

生物技术处理豆粕多利用益生菌发酵及酶解的作用,将豆粕中大分子物质和抗营养因子进行分解、转化.发酵后的豆粕抗营养因子含量低;富含有益菌、活性酶,提高了小分子有机酸、维生素、游离氨基酸等发酵代谢产物的含量;提高了豆粕的适口性和利用率.利用益生菌处理的发酵豆粕及利用酶处理的酶解豆粕可将豆粕中的大分子蛋白降解为小肽、氨基酸,提高豆粕的消化利用率.菌酶协同发酵豆粕,在微生物发酵的基础上添加外源蛋白酶,由于微生物和酶有较好的协同作用,大分子物质被降解得更彻底,与微生物发酵、酶解相比,缩短了发酵周期,效率更高.生物技术处理豆粕提高了豆粕利用率、畜禽健康水平、畜产品品质,并具有改善养殖环境的功能.文章综述了生物技术处理豆粕的工艺特点、营养特性、代谢产物、应用效果,并进行了总结、分析,对以豆粕为代表的植物蛋白饲料资源的开发和应用有一定的参考意义.

试验旨在探究溶菌酶单体和溶菌酶多聚体对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质以及孵化性能的影响.选取体重、生理状态基本一致的23周龄广西麻鸡蛋鸡360只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只.对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础日粮,处理1组、处理2组在基础日粮中分别添加500 g/t溶菌酶单体及500 g/t溶菌酶多聚体.预试期7d,正式试验期49d.结果显示:与对照组相比,处理2组蛋鸡的产蛋率显著提高(P＜0.05),处理1组和处理2组的蛋合格率显著提高(P＜0.05);处理2组的蛋形指数显著提高(P＜0.05),处理1组和处理2组的蛋壳强度显著提高(P＜0.05);处理1组和处理2组的受精率显著提高(P＜0.05),处理2组的受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率显著提高(P＜0.05);处理K1组和处理2组蛋鸡血清低密度脂蛋白含量显著降低(P＜0.05);处理2组蛋鸡血清免疫球蛋白M和免疫球蛋白A含量均显著提高(P＜0.05),处理1组蛋鸡血清免疫球蛋白M含量显著提高(P＜0.05).研究表明,与对照组和溶菌酶单体组相比,溶菌酶多聚体可以更有效地提高蛋鸡产蛋率,改善蛋形指数,提高蛋鸡孵化性能以及机体免疫功能.