以碳税政策为背景,针对三种零售商风险规避型双渠道闭环供应链,通过建立stacke-berg模型,探讨了碳税和零售商风险规避系数对供应链各参与方回收、定价等决策及供应链碳排放总量的影响.研究结果表明:在三种双渠道闭环供应链结构中,零售商风险规避不影响制造商的回收决策;碳税会使供应链总利润减少,但能够促使制造商回收更多的废旧产品通过再制造进行碳减排;零售商风险规避对其利润产生负影响,对制造商的利润产生正影响.第三方网络销售平台直销双渠道闭环供应链中供应链总利润最小,而在此结构下的碳排放总量最大,故在渠道选择方面应优先选择零售商直销或制造商直销的双渠道结构.

This paper develops four game-theoretic models to evaluate the impact of carbon tax policy on manufacturing and remanufacturing decisions in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer. To maximize profits, the decisions are made based on two scenarios, namely, no investment in carbon reduction technology and with investment, in the centralized and decentralized CLSC, respectively. The used products are collected for remanufacturing under three strategies, that is, no collection, partial collection, and full collection. The manufacturing and remanufacturing decisions are compared and analyzed. The results show: (1) Carbon tax can effectively promote manufacturers to invest in carbon reduction technology or remanufacture to reduce carbon emissions. However, it may demotivate manufacturers to remanufacture if a reasonable carbon tax is not designed. (2) Although a centralized model can achieve a higher total profit than a decentralized model, the carbon emission of the centralized CLSC will be higher than that of the decentralized CLSC when carbon tax is low. (3) Under the decentralized CLSC, the 'no collection' or 'full collection' decision depends only on the wholesale price between manufacturer and retailer rather than on the unit carbon saving of remanufactured products. Hence, policymakers should tailor carbon tax policy designs to different industries to promote remanufacturing such as tax reliefs, tax returns, and emissions reduction agreements. Furthermore, the government can advocate low-carbon consumptions and cultivate low-carbon preference among consumers by imposing taxes or subsidies for remanufactured products.

Considering a dual channel closed-loop supply chain composed of a manufacturer and a retailer, and the retailer establishes online direct channels, four Stackelberg game models are constructed to study the impact of carbon tax and different fairness concerns of supply chain members on the optimal strategies, such as carbon emission reduction level, recycling and pricing decisions etc. The results show that the fairness concerns of supply chain members does not affect the recycling decision of manufacturer, but increasing carbon tax will promote the manufacturer to recycle more used products to reduce carbon emissions through remanufacturing. When the retailer has fairness concern but the manufacturer ignores it, with the increase of the retailers' fairness concern, the online selling price, the retail price and the retailers' utility increase while the manufacturers' profit decreases. When the manufacturer considers retailers' fairness concern, there will be more carbon emissions in the supply chain. Manufacturer should pay attention to this fairness concern and take certain measures to prevent this behavior. Compared with fairness neutrality, whether one or both of supply chain members have fairness concerns, it will inhibit manufacturers' enthusiasm for carbon reduction investment. When both of them have fairness concerns, the higher the manufacturers' fairness concern, the lower the carbon emission reduction level is.

随着当前教育信息化的推进和网络慕课资源的日趋丰富，如何合理地利用现有的慕课资源进行课程改革是当前需要考虑的问题，本文结合石河子大学信息管理与信息系统专业的《管理信息系统》课程授课现状，提出了基于网络慕课资源的混合式教学改革，分别从教学改革思路、教学内容的知识点梳理、课堂教学安排、学生学习跟踪及考核评定等方面论述混合式教学对教与学的改变，以期达到进一步提高教学质量的目标。

在"互联网+"背景下,混合式教学已成为当前教育技术发展的新动向.如何通过多样化的教学手段,提高学生的学习积极性和主动性,培养学生自学能力和综合能力,是高校教育亟待解决的问题.文章以供应链管理课程为例,探索混合学习下教学模式设计及考核评价方式,以期提高课程教学质量,实现知识传授和能力培养的双重目标.

微课结合了线上线下的教学优势,以短小精悍的形式将知识点呈现.支架式教学因其强调学生自主选择性、开放互动性、引导探索性等优点得到了广泛的研究.基于微课的支架式教学设计实践以信息技术课程为实际落脚点,设计支架式的微课应用于教学实践,通过前期分析、支架式教学设计、支架式教学实践、教学效果调查分析这四个方面展开,一步步引导学生自主学习、协作学习,以达到提高教学效率的目的.

In this paper, we propose a novel data augmentation method to dynamically learn occluded samples via adversarial learning for person re-identification (re-ID) in sensor networks. Specifically, we design two CNN models to learn original-image features and occluded-image features, respectively. As for occluded-image features, we extract the most salient region from the attention map to obtain the meaningful occluded region. To match the CNN status, we dynamically occlude pedestrian images in each iteration and meanwhile generate training pedestrian images with high diversity. We also employ adversarial learning to improve the generalization ability of CNN model. A discriminator is introduced to distinguish original-image features and occluded-image features, and occluded-image features are optimized to confuse the discriminator. As a result, the representations for pedestrian images contain the discriminative complementary information. We conduct extensive experiments on Market1501, DukeMTMC-reID and CUHK03, and the experimental results verify that the proposed method exceeds the state-of-the-art methods by a large margin.

Coreopsis tinctoria capitula (CTC) of the Compositae family has been used traditionally to treat various diseases in China, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated the anti‐lipid peroxidation, α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory effects of CTC extracts, and analyzed its chemical composition by HPLC. Moreover, the antioxidant activity and protection effects of CTC extracts were investigated on high‐fat/high‐sugar and streptozotocin‐induced T2DM mice. In vitro study, the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and butanol extract (BE) of CTC exhibited anti‐lipid peroxidation (IC50: BHA>BE or EAE>ascorbic acid, p<0.05) and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50: BE>EAE, p<0.05). In vivo, the BE at the dose of 600 mg/kg was intragastrically given to T2DM mice, which exhibited a certain extent of repair and improvement of the levels of CAT, GSH, GSH‐PX, SOD, as well as plasma biomarkers, compared with those in the model group (p<0.05). These results demonstrated that CTC extracts have a positive effect to treat T2DM and it can be used for the treatment of T2DM in the future.

文章针对普通面授课堂和SPOC教学模式的不足,以西部地区某中学八年级《信息技术》课程为例,结合雨课堂教学模式,进行第三代课程教学模式设计,以期促进该地区中小学教学模式的革新,提高学生学习的积极性和整体的教学效果.

由于"管理信息系统"的课程对于工科专业学生来说存在理论性强、枯燥乏味的问题,为提高学生学习的积极性和主动性,对该课程开展研讨教学改革,在实践过程中收到一定的教学效果,同时也存在不足.文章对"管理信息系统"课程的研讨课教学改革进行详细分析,并提出一些建议,旨在为提高课程的教学水平提供借鉴.

为提高现阶段网络选修课的实际作用以及课堂成效,本文以石河子大学为例,通过对在校本科生进行问卷调查,分析了当今网络选修课存在的问题及原因.在此基础上借鉴了MOOC、SPOC等优秀的网络教学课程,针对教学模式、学生学习方法和教学评价设计三方面提出了相对应的改革措施,为提高网络选修课课堂质量提供理论参考.

Coreopsis tinctoria flowering tops (CTFs) is a popular health product as herbal tea or as a traditional medicinal herb that is rich in saponins and exerts substantial biological activity. In this study, an ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was utilized to extract total saponins from CTFs and optimize the extraction process by response surface methodology. Moreover, the nitric oxide and nitrite scavenging capability, and N-nitrosamine formation inhibitory activity of total saponins were evaluated. Results showed that the optimal conditions for total saponins were 37.76% (w/w) ammonium sulfate and 35.62% (w/w) ethanol in ATPS coupled with ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum yield of total saponins of 33.4 g/kg can be obtained from the CTFs raw material. The nitric oxide radical scavenging, nitrite scavenging, and N-nitrosamine inhibitory activities (SC50) were 287.92 ± 7.42, 191.63 ± 7.69, and 1787.4 ± 51.26 μg/mL, respectively. The total saponins has a certain nitric oxide and nitrite scavenging capability, and N-nitrosamine formation inhibitory activity in vitro. Given these activities, research on saponins from CTFs provides profound and lasting implications for the novel applications of C. tinctoria.

组织行为学是信息管理与信息系统专业的核心课程,是一门理论性和实践性较强的专业课.教学的最终目标是要培养学生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力.本文在总结组织行为学课程特点及教学过程存在问题的基础上,尝试将PBL(Problem-Based Learning)教学法引入课堂授课过程,以期提高学生的综合应用能力和实践能力.

本文以问卷调查方式，通过对《数据库技术及应用》的学习态度、课程设置、授课内容、讲课方法以及学习中存在的问题等方面进行调查统计，通过对148份调查问卷的统计分析，发现该课程在授课过程中存在学生动手能力弱、师生沟通少、学习效率低等问题，由此，本文提出了一系列其实可行的改进措施，如改进传统的授课方式、加强师生互动交流、因材施教提高教学效果和充分发挥微课、慕课在翻转课堂中的应用等。

In this paper, considering a two-echelon supply chain system with high carbon-emissions manufacturing process, and based on the Stackelberg game and revenue sharing contract, we established the revenue model of the manufacturer under the carbon tax policy before and after the investment in the carbon emissions reduction technologies, discussed the influence of the carbon tax and carbon emission reduction rate on the optimal decision and revenue of the supply chain, and at the end, finalized the optimal solution for the supply chain to realize its emissions reduction objective.The result found that with the increase in the carbon emissions reduction rate, the wholesaling price would decrease;though the carbon emissions reduction technology would increase the supply chain cost, it could increase the revenue for the individual supply chain parties while reducing their carbon emissions; increasing the carbon tax rate could propel the manufacturing enterprises to reduce their carbon emissions, but the excessively high carbon tax rate would lead to the rise in the overall cost of the supply chain and affect its total revenue.

随着互联网的普及和教育信息化的快速发展,ERP课程原有的教学模式已经不能适应新时期的需要.在研究传统ERP课程教学过程不足的基础上,结合信息管理与信息系统专业的特点及本人所在学院师资具体情况,在“互联网+”背景下,从应用型本科生培养的视角,对ERP课程教学理念、教学模式、教学内容和方法及师资队伍建设等方面进行深入的探讨.

China’s petrochemical industries are playing an important role in China’s economic development. However, the industries consume large amounts of energy and have become primary sources of carbon emission. In this paper, the change in carbon emissions from China’s petrochemical industries between 2000 and 2010 was quantitatively analyzed with the Log-Mean Divisia Index method, which was decomposed into economic output effect, industrial structural effect and technical effect. The results show that economic output effect is the most important factor driving carbon emission growth in China’s petrochemical industries; industrial structural effect has certain decrement effect on carbon emissions; adjustment of industrial structure by developing low-carbon emission industrial sectors may be a better choice for reducing carbon emissions; and the impact of technical effect varies considerably without showing any clear decrement effect trend over the period of year 2000–2010. The biggest challenge is how to make use of these factors to balance the relationship between economic development and carbon emissions. This study will promote a more comprehensive understanding of the inter-relationships of economic development, industrial structural shift, technical effect and carbon emissions in China’s petrochemical industries and is helpful for exploration of relevant strategies to reduce carbon emissions.

针对单制造商和单零售商组成的供应链,考虑供应链碳减排技术投资与否两种情形,构建了集中式决策、分散式决策和供应链成员协同决策的博弈模型,探讨了消费者碳足迹敏感系数、碳限额及碳减排成本系数对供应链成员最优决策及减排效果的影响.研究表明,碳交易价格与碳限额呈线性关系时,供应链及制造商的利润与碳限额并不是线性递增的关系,政府合理的制定碳限额能够促使供应链企业有效减少碳排放;当消费者支付意愿依赖于产品碳足迹时,企业可以通过投资碳减排技术在减少碳排放量的同时获取更大的利润,实现环境与经济的协调发展.制造商和零售商通过渠道协作共同决策碳减排水平时,供应链碳排放总量比分散决策情形下明显减少.

本文构建了基于基准年份GDP发展水平、历史排放水平两个指标的碳排放权分配模型,定量模拟了在实施碳交易的情境下,2020年我国石化行业碳排放权分配情况,以及碳交易对各子行业经济发展、减排水平的影响.研究表明:“均衡型”、“经济发展水平偏好型”和“历史排放水平偏好型”三种分配方案下,分别对应的石化行业总体GDP变化为-0.88％、-1.01％、-0.75％.从石化行业全局经济发展来看,“历史排放水平偏好型”碳配额分配方案对GDP总量的影响最小.

根据经管类专业学科特点及管理信息系统课程教学需求,分析了管理信息系统课程的自身特点,目前在传统教学模式下经管专业的管理信息系统课程教学中存在的问题,提出采取根据专业特点合理定位教学目标和内容,采用灵活多样的课堂教学方式,并对实验课的教学进行改革等措施,以改善管理信息系统课程的教学效果.