量刑信息系统收集和整理大量的既往判例以供法官搜索与待裁量案件最相似的生效判例,并通过查看这些生效判例量刑因素的类型与范围、量刑因素对量刑的影响情况、量刑结论分布状况、对应判例的具体案情等信息,最终在综合法官量刑经验的基础上,作出最适合待裁量案件的量刑结论.这种参考既往量刑信息为待裁量案件提供指引的系统,较早在加拿大、澳大利亚、英国、荷兰、日本、爱尔兰、以色列等国的相关司法领域运行,并均对量刑平衡的实现颇有助益;中国司法实践采纳成文量刑指南为基础的量刑模式已有十余年,理论与实务对此褒贬不一,类案检索制度与智慧法院建设的落地,为量刑信息系统的构建提供了规范依据与技术支撑.通过建立以量刑指南为本、量刑信息系统为辅的二维体系,可以充分化解限制法官自由裁量权等弊病,同时还具有保障指南合理适用率、为法官提供借鉴量刑经验之便捷渠道、为量刑指南主管部门提供实践量刑信息三大功能.在量刑信息系统构建初期,宜将量刑评议表与生效裁判文书作为信息的基本内容;而在延展效能上,应通过量刑信息系统建立起量刑与监狱资源动态平衡的良性互动关系.

As for the railway crimes, China was declining in the period of nearly past 20 years and crimes against property accounting for a large proportion, while the drug crimes showed an upward trend. According to linear regression analysis and other empirical research methods, there were no statistically relationship between railway crimes and their railway economic and population factors,or even with the overall crime trend. According to the statistics,during the period of the year of 2004 to 2009,Chinese railway crimes began to drift away from the overall crime trend. The abnormal decline trend could not be completely explained by those external causes—the changes of railway economic or passenger flow, or the reduction of criminal jurisdiction scope of railway police. The instability of the railway police from the process of restructuring should be responsible for the abnormal data.

Responding to the appeal of severe penalty on child trafficking crime, China Criminal Law has already set heavy punishment on it in legislation. Contrasting with the legal punishment on the child trafficking crime in 100 jurisdictions, the punishment in China could also be viewed as severe penalty; in practice, the ratio of absolute severe penalty is high enough, however, after comparing the ratio of relative severe penalty among child trafficking, woman trafficking and other 11 crimes, such as larceny, crime of fraud, crime of kidnapping, a tendency of relatively lenient sentencing is found in practice. The hidden situation of child trafficking by parents could explain this tendency.

从自然属性与社会属性视角思考,死者与官员成为毁誉犯罪的两类特殊对象.在名誉的刑事保护问题上,应否将死者囊括其中,以及应否对官员特殊看待,本文通过对68个具代表性法域刑事毁誉规范的对比分析,立法中明确规定死者为毁誉犯罪之对象以及着重保护官员名誉的占一定优势,而中国刑事立法在此两个问题上均属少数派.从实然法的立场,基于亲属权益说的观点,中国刑法教义学上存在将侵害死者名誉之行为犯罪化的余地.而在官员名誉权的刑事保护问题上,在立法、理论与实务界存在三种截然不同的态度.从应然法的立场,采用实证的研究方法,最终揭示出当下中国处于将名誉财产化的市场社会阶段中,从而刑事立法上不应保护死者名誉,在官员名誉权的刑事保护问题上宜持平等保护之观点.

中国司法实践中存在量刑失衡这一观点几成定论,对于导致量刑失衡的原因,学界展开了广泛地探讨,笔者将其归纳为自由裁量权滥用类原因、立法者过错类原因与自由裁量权误用类原因三类.然而,就以往对于量刑失衡归因的研究上,更多基于逻辑分析,缺乏实证探求精神.基于此,通过采用量刑实验分析、生效刑事判例数据分析、法条文本对比分析等方法,对于前述认定的导致量刑失衡发生的原因进行实证检验,最终证否了逻辑上认定的导致量刑失衡发生的多数罪因,仅余修正处断规范粗疏这一个原因,进而衍生出对传统估堆量刑法的质疑,提倡通过引入量刑指南制度,修改法官的量刑方法,以最终克服量刑失衡.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">通过将谣言按照有无具体被害人的标准,分为两个类别,进而对兼顾法系、社会性质与地理位置因素的共22个法域下与谣言相关的全部刑事立法在该两个类别的框架下进行系统梳理,从而大致反映出世界范围内谣言的刑事规制现状。同时,将该现状与中国当前谣言刑事规制状况进行对比,进而得以映射出中国谣言刑事立法的完备与否,并可以找到我国在对公法人谣言与亵渎神明诽谤谣言问题上选择的非犯罪化进路之根据。</span>

在世界范围内,量刑失衡的克服模式可以分为传统型、指南型与信息型三种,而后两者无疑在克服量刑失衡问题上被寄予厚望.在指南型模式中,美国联邦及各州、加拿大、英国英格兰和威尔士、韩国以及新西兰的量刑指南实践及实效值得关注;在信息型模式中,加拿大四省、澳大利亚新南威尔士州、英国苏格兰的量刑信息系统的结构及实效也应加以重视.在克服量刑失衡的进路上,中国应当选择一条以指南型模式为基的渐进式进路.本文以33512份样本组成的数据库为分析对象,通过对最高人民法院量刑规范化改革进行实证评估,证明了量刑指南在中国的可行性,并就构建中国量刑指南的量刑起点与量刑情节调节基准刑的经验根基进行了实证研究.

外界对中国大陆地区在洗钱罪方面的规制状况存在着一定的非议.研究以近年来大陆地区与港澳台三地对洗钱罪起诉的案件数据为分析进路,从表象上看,大陆地区对该罪的查禁状况的确难以令人满意.然而,通过对四地洗钱罪犯罪圈之比较后发现,这一现象的产生主要是由于大陆地区现行刑事法律规制下的狭义洗钱罪之犯罪圈设置过窄.通过引入广义洗钱类犯罪的概念,拓宽大陆地区洗钱罪之犯罪圈范畴,大陆地区洗钱犯罪数据有显著提升,在所占全部刑事案件的比重绝不较港澳台地区逊色.

在非法集资问题上,存在种类繁多的法律规范文件,因此,亟待对其加以梳理,并从中总结出对非法集资监管的明确阶段及其所具有的特征;同时,随着金融创新的加剧,一些新型金融活动与非法集资的关系如何,也有待进一步厘清.

现行单纯以直观感觉将中国司法实践贴上量刑失衡的标签是学术研究的不严谨.根据量刑实验法与量刑数据比较法分析可知,中国司法实践中存在量刑失衡现象,其程度为30％左右.为兼顾形式合理性与实质合理性,我国应建立量刑指南为主,量刑信息系统为辅,二者互为促进和依托的“量刑失衡克服二元体系”.根据我国量刑改革的实践,应特别注意以下两点:一是指定适格的量刑失衡改革管理机构；二是重视量刑信息系统之录入与查询数据库的构建.

By introducing and analyzing the latest news of the exchanges of spouses organized by a associate professor,we put an emphasis on the necessity of declaring this phenomenon as the crime of Assembled Pruriency and its existence.There are three Jurisprudence Defects,that are the imbalance of value evaluation of criminal law legislature,the excess of the moral-oriented of criminal law and the improperly interfering in personal freedom,existing in the crime of Assembled Pruriency in our present criminal law,hence,we have to amend these defects.

<正>个人合作建房,又称个人集资建房、住房合作社、个人建房合作社等,虽然在各地的运营模式不尽一致,但其在整体上可以作出如下定义,即房屋的购买者不依靠开发商,自己组织起来集资建房,自行或委托完成购买地皮、成立管理机构、聘请设计院、建筑公司、监理公司、财务审计单位等工作,以此降低房屋建设成本,从而解决自身住房问题的一种互助性、非盈利性的房地产开发模式。

<正>美国公司法意义上的三角并购(Triangular Acquisitions)是一种特殊的并购类型,它以兼并公司的股票作为主要支付手段,用兼并公司的全资(控股)子公司作为并购的直接实施主体对目标公司进行兼并,从

根据不同标准,可以将犯罪过失分为不同类型,而有认识过失与无认识过失的划分是过失类型的重中之重。过失类型与刑罚轻重之间是否存在关联?学理上倾向于认为对有认识过失的刑罚应适当重于对无认识过失的刑罚,通过对101个常见过失案例的实证研究,从质上看,过失类型与刑罚轻重之间确实存在此种关联,与理论预期相符合;从量上看,这种关系的影响力度较小,在所有八类影响因素中排位相对靠后,两者之间不存在统计意义上显著性的影响关系。

If we set a narrow boundary for the definition of mouse storehouse,we can not punish it according to Article 43 and Article 199 of Securities Law of the People's Republic of China.There are flaws in the punishment to two cases of mouse storehouse by China Securities Regulatory Commission.Amendment VII to the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China distinguishes crimes of mouse storehouse from crimes of insider trading,which is groundless,since mouse storehouse belongs to the category of insider trading.Currently,the best legal solution to the problems of mouse storehouse should be the legislation of crimes of common breach of trust to control mouse storehouse and similar violation of laws.When conditions permit,the scope of inside information in Securities Law should be expanded so as to incorporate mouse storehouse into crimes of insider trading.

农民工犯罪是指具有农村户口,但又离开农村和土地,长期在城镇工作,主要以非农业生产维持生活的农村人口所实施的犯罪行为。可将其群体分为旧生代农民工与新生代农民工两大类,相应的在农民工犯罪人之中也就形成了旧生代农民工犯罪与新生代农民工犯罪。因为农民工工作环境等问题,应当减轻初犯罪农民的刑事责任,给予司法宽容。

As far as the legal nature of aggregated crimes is concerned,the aggregated consequential offense,the aggregated containing offense and the aggregated continuous offense have their independent criminal constitutions.While other aggregated offenses which don't have their independent criminal constitutions are only a kind of concept of penalty measurement.The aggregated offenses should be classified according to their legal nature and stipulation.For the accusation of aggregated offense,individual accusation shouldn't be established but accusation suggestion be adopted.