Objective To examine smoking prevalence among administrators working in 91 universities with the implementation of tobacco control capacity building project and to evaluate the impact of the tobacco control project on the students of the universities.Methods During March and April 2015,telephone interviews on tobacco smoking behavior was conducted among presidents,vice-presidents for scientific research management and office manager from 91 universities with tobacco control capacity building project implemented between 2008 and 2013.Chi-square test was adopeted to compare smoking rate.Results The interviews were successfully completed in 89 colleges and the overall response rate of the 267 participants was 97.8％.Among the participants,the overall smoking rate was 24.5％ and of the smokers,44.07％ were presidents in the universities surveyed.There were no significant differences in smoking prevalence rate among the participants from universities with tobacco control project implemented in different years (x2 =3.644,P =0.162) and among the participants with different job titles (x2 =2.925,P =0.232).Conclusion The prevalence rate of smoking is high among administrators of the universities with tobacco control capacity building project in China,especially among presidents of the universities,and the situation should be concerned for the promotion of tobaccofree college campus in China.

Aim:To investigate the status and influencing factors of college students and analyze their attitudes to to -bacco smoking ,and thus provide basis for better tobacco control deployment in colleges and universities .Methods:Cluster sampling was used to select samples .Questionnaire survey was conducted by stratified cluster random sampling among 1 129 students which were enrolled from 2008 to 2011 and from liberal arts ,science and engineering and medical school .Results:Overall smoking rate was 8.56%,but the smoking rates of students from different majors were significantly different (χ2 =41.820,P<0.001),while students from department of physical education had the highest smoking rate .Smoking rate of the male was higher than that of the female (χ2 =93.600,P<0.001).Smoking rate of students of physical education depart-ment was higher than that of the students of non physical education department (χ2 =64.270,P<0.001).The results of lo-gistic regression analysis of smoking behaviors suggested that the factors:gender,profession,mother's occupation from indus-try,or commerce or agriculture,monthly consumption,poor and very poor health,drunkenness were related with smoking [OR (95%CI)=0.061(0.022-0.168),5.097(1.219-21.316),0.310(0.105-0.919),1.002(1.001-1.004),0.005 (0.000-0.761),1.760(1.365-2.268)].51.54% of student smokers′consumption were “equal to or greater than 1 but less than 5 per day”.16.49%of student smokers might have tobacco addiction .18.55%of student smokers didn't real-ize that smoke might do harm to the health of others .Conclusion:Smoking is still popular in colleges and universities .There are some mistaken ideas that should be corrected .Effective health education program should be carried out among focus groups.

Aim: To evaluate the validity and reliability of Tobacco Control Among Students of Public Health Questionnaire. Methods: A total of 112 undergraduates majored in public health were surveyed using the questionnaire. The split-half reliability was calculated using Spearman-Brown formula, and Cronbach's α coefficient was used to evaluate internal consistency reliability; Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between items and their subordinate fields to evaluate the content validity, and factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity of the questionnaire. Results: The split-half reliability was 0.887, α coefficients of 3 dimensions and total questionnaire were 0.824,0.820,0.635,and 0.821, respectively. The correlation coefficients of scores of the items with its subordinate dimensionality were 0.529-0.847,and those with the total scores were 0.328-0.699. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the three common factors were 60.64%,and the communality of 64.29% items after extraction of common factor was greater than 0.50. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the questionnaire is well.

OBJECTIVE:To study the relationship of per-capita tobacco consumption and lung cancer mortality in Henan province, and to provide evidence for policy development on tobacco control and reduction of lung cancer mortality.METHODS:Data regarding lung cancer mortality and per-capita tobacco consumption among household residents from 1992 to 2011, was collected from published almanacs in Henan and Henan Tumor Institutes. Trend Method was used to analyze the development of lung cancer in Henan province and the trend of per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household. 'Spearman rank correlation' was used to analyze the correlation between per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household from 1992 to 2001 and the lung cancer mortality rates from 2002 to 2011, with the lag time unite as 10 years in this study. Cure Estimation was used to fit the model regarding the relationship between per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household and lung cancer.RESULTS:Lung cancer mortality among those permanent residents in Henan province increased from 14.75/100 000 in 1992 to 27.00/100 000 in 2011, with an increase of 83.05%. Both the trend of per-capita tobacco consumption among the permanent residents and the lung cancer mortality were uprising, with the tobacco consumption showing a lag effect to the lung cancer mortality. Correlation coefficient between the per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household from 1992 to 2001 and the lung cancer mortality from 2002 to 2011 was rs = 0.770, P = 0.009 < 0.05, with statistically significant difference. Along with the uprising trend of lung cancer mortality, the per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household was also parallelly rising with the equation of relevance between per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household in Henna province and lung cancer as ŷ = 2.60 x(0.46) (F = 576.483) and the R(2) was 0.667.CONCLUSION:Per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household in Henan province appeared a factor that influencing the lung cancer mortality and an association between the per-capita tobacco consumption of residents in the household and lung cancer was noticed. Tobacco consumption had a lag trend to the mortality of lung cancer.

Objective The explore cognition and tobacco control ability of public health students before and after the curriculum being carried out,and to provide reference for cultivating professional public health persons.Methods The research based on the program Building advocacy capacity for tobacco control among the public health workforce in China.A standardized assessment questionnaire,provided by the program,was used to evaluate undergraduate students of level 2009 who were in the Public Health Department.The different types of data were respectively analyzed by using Ridit analysis and Chi-square test.Results Tobacco control curriculum intervention significantly improved public health students' advocacy attitude and interest.The curriculum did not impact the intention to persuade others smoking,and to determine no-smoking all of life.There was a significant difference in the aspects of banning smoking in public places,conducting tobacco control activities as a volunteer and public policy decision about tobacco control.There was no significant difference including to persuade others smoking and to determine no-smoking all of life.Conclusion This study has significantly changed the students' cognition and has improved the advocacy behavioral capacity,and provided sufficient evidence for the following tobacco control curriculums.

目的了解郑州市吸烟人群戒烟意愿和戒烟尝试的现状。方法应用流行病学现况调查方法,采用多阶段与规模成正比的容量比例抽样方法获得调查对象,在调查员的帮助下,吸烟人群自填问卷的方式调查。结果本次调查的394名吸烟者中,有戒烟意愿的人数为173人,占44.8%;有过戒烟尝试的人数为159,占40.5%。不同人口学特征的吸烟人群的戒烟尝试和戒烟意愿无明显不同;单因素分析发现:家中有吸烟限制(χ2=13.084,P=0.001)、工作单位有限制吸烟规定(χ2=29.904,P=0.000)、单位室内张贴禁烟标识(χ2=22.407,P=0.000)均会促使吸烟者产生戒烟意愿,而工作单位有限制吸烟规定(χ2=13.214,P=0.001)、单位室内张贴禁烟标识(χ2=18.958,P=0.000)、个人压力过大(χ2=13.511,P=0.000)的吸烟者有更多的尝试戒烟。结论通过家人督促,家中限制吸烟、单位限制吸烟、张贴禁烟标识等方式,可以很好地提高郑州市吸烟者戒烟意愿和戒烟尝试的产生,亦可鼓励吸烟者多次尝试戒烟,以提高戒烟率。

目的 了解郑州市65岁以上老年群体的日常生活自理能力与健康现状,为政府及相关部门有针对性地制定高龄老年人卫生服务体系提供依据.方法 通过现场问卷调查方式,对郑州市社区和养老院老年人群进行整群抽样,获取日常生活能力功能、照顾来源、养老意愿以及人口学等资料.结果 多数老年人自我感觉身体健康状况为一般,12.3%老年人认为身体差;71.2%老年人当生活不能自理时选择家庭养老方式养老,有20.7%的老年人需要子女赡养维持生活;35.5%的老年人生活有依赖性;慢性病患病率94.0%,其中老年痴呆患病率6.8%;影响老年人ADL下降的主要危险因素是老年痴呆、听力或视力障碍、糖尿病和心脑血管疾病.结论 ADL普遍下降,近1/3的老年人生活能力丧失,患病率高于全人群,老年人群的医学护理问题亟待解决.应加强对中老年人早期预防和健康教育,积极完善老年人卫生资源分配,建议为老年服务部门立法规范服务行为,加大政府投入力度和干预,促进社会进步文明和谐发展.

人口年龄结构是一定时间的各年龄人口占总人口的比例[1].人口年龄结构及其变化不仅反映以往人口自身和经济状况,同时决定未来人口发展趋势和社会经济发展,具有重要的社会经济意义.

[目的]探讨放射医务人员知觉压力及相关因素对健康的影响.[方法]采用一般健康量表、中文版知觉压力量表、艾森克人格问卷量表中文版、工作倦怠调查表,对728名放射医务人员进行调查.[结果]不同年龄、不同婚姻状况的放射医务工作人员之间的压力总分差异有统计学意义(F=2.975,P=0.036;F=3.519,P=0.030);直接接触射线的工作人员压力总分高于间接接他者(t=3.170,P＜0.001);不同职称之问的工作人员压力总分有统计学意义(F=6.513,P＜0.001).放射工作人员的知觉压力分值和一般健康量表总分存在正相关(r=0.414,P＜0.01);多重线性回归显示,知觉压力、神经质、情绪耗竭3个变量对健康均有影响作用(P＜0.05).[结论]放射医务人员的知觉压力水平可影响其健康状况,应对他们进行有效的健康教育,减轻压力,促进身心健康.

目的:了解七年制医学生主要的压力来源及应对方式,为减轻压力、改善其应对方式提供参考。方法:采用整群抽样问卷调查的方式,对河南某高校在校七年制医学生学生展开有关压力来源与应对方式的调查。结果:该人群压力主要来源为学习压力(41.3%),经济压力(12.71%);主要应对方式为反思自我调整(36.4%),运动一下(21.5%),找朋友倾诉(20.4%)。结论:七学制医学生压力源广泛,大部分七年制医学生应对方式较积极。

目的了解临床医学专业七年制低年级学生就业压力和对医学新动态的关注情况,及其对未来就业方向和影响就业竞争力因素的认知情况,并提出相关建议供七年制医学生、医学院校及教育部门参考。方法以问卷调查形式收集河南省某高校临床医学专业七年制1～3年级819名医学生就业认知的相关信息。结果低年级医学生中,11.7%有就业压力,9.3%关注医学新动态,37.8%想关注医学新动态却无渠道,10.6%就业方向不明确,医学生对影响就业竞争力因素的认知不全面。结论医学生、学校及教育部门应采取相应措施,使七年制医学生及早关注医学新动态并明确就业方向,根据市场需求培养核心竞争力。

This article is to analyze the influencing factor of apparent information asymmetry in medical dispute game.Based on game theory,it analyzed the prevalence of the apparent degree of information asymmetry of the medical malpractice appraisal cases that had been accepted by a local of Medical Association of Henan Province.The information of most of these cases in medical dispute game was not symmetrical.The situation of the information symmetry of basic medical institutions was better than the tertiary hospitals.The rate of medical malpractice could be improved by enhancing apparent degree of information asymmetry.

Objective To explore interaction effect between stress reaction and job burnout,personality,self-esteem in radiological medical personnel with path analysis.Methods 728 radiological medical personnels were investigated with Maslach burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS),Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and Self-esteem Scale.Results Multiple regression and path analysis revealed that there were statistically significant relation between stress reaction and job burnout,Personality and self-esteem.Conclusion Psychological stress is a complicated and multiple interaction of psychological stress related factors.

Objective To examine the applicability of Chinese perceived stress scales questionnaire(CPSS)for the radiological medical personnel.Methods The radiological medical personnel were examined by CPSS and Chinese health questionnaire(CHQ),the reliability and validity of the data were analyzed with CPSS.Validation of the Screening Questionnaire was analyzed,using Relative Operating Characteristic(ROC) method.Results CPSS was found to have good validity and reliability among this study sample.Cronbach' alpha coefficient was 0.843 to CPSS in the sample,two factors were extracted from the CPSS,including feeling out of control and strained.The total score of CPSS had positive correlation with the total score of CHQ(r=0.414,P0.05).The area under ROC was 0.697(95%CI:0.653-0.740),the dividing value selected was 24/25.The overall prevalence of health risk stress(HRS) was 39.84%,the difference between male(40.25%) and female(39.04%) was not statistically significant.Conclusion CPSS can be used to study the stress and health in the radiological medical personnel.

目的 分析I 990～2008年郑州市细菌性痢疾流行病学特征,为防控细菌性痢疾提供科学依据.方法 采用描述流行病学分析方法.结果 1990～2008年郑州市细菌性痢疾发病率最高为1 28.25/10万,最低为36.96/10万.呈逐年下降趋势;细菌性痢疾发病有明显季节性,发病高峰为7～8份;市区发病率明显高于县(市)区;5岁以下儿童发病最多.近几年F4c为郑州市优势菌型,志贺菌对萘啶酸、四环素、氨苄西林、利福平和复方新诺明耐药率较高.结论 养成良好的个人卫生习惯,做好夏秋季疫情控制,合理使用抗生素,能有效控制细菌性痢疾发病和传播.

Objective To explore the relations between occupational stress and adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) and serum concentration of cortisol(COR) in radiological medical personnel.Methods The data of stress,burnout,coping style,social support were measured by professional questioners.ACTH and COR were tested after that.Results The levels of ACTH and COR were higher than those of the ordinary model in radiological medical personnel(P0.05).Pearson correlations analysis showed that there were significant differences between ACTH,COR and passive reply,the total score of support,the score of objective support,the score of subjective support,utilization of support(P0.05).Conclusion ACTH and COR are related to job tiredness,coping strategies and social support.Professional stress may affect the radiological medical personnel.

工作满意度是指员工对工作本身及工作环境所感受到的一种态度或看法,是员工对其全部工作角色的情感反应[1].因此,工作满意度含有较强的主观成分.同时工作满意度又是动态的,它会随着时间、地点、人和事物的关系变化而发生变化.

Objective This study was to apply the Quasi-likelihood under the Independence model Criterion(QIC) technique to the Generalized Estimating Equation(GEE) analysis of longitudinal data in medical research.Methods QIC technique was used to select the best working correlation and best model.Stata 10 software was used for this analysis.This method was applied to an example in clinical.Results After comparison of different working correlation structures,the exchangeable correlation structure has the smallest QIC value and thus was selected as the best correlation structure.Based on the exchangeable correlation structure,the model with covariates central,group and age has the smallest QIC value and thus was identified as the best GEE model.Conclusion This is the first study in China of applying the QIC technique to analyse longitudinal data using GEE in Stata software.The QIC technique can be used for identifying the best working correlation structure and the best GEE model.However,there are many covariates in the model the times of comparison of different models increase dramatically.Further simplification of calculation program is needed.

文献资料表明,城市贫困人群生存质量低于普通人群[1-3].影响城市贫困人群生存质量的因素很多,各个城市和地区的特点也不尽相同.

BackgroundCCN family, comprising six members (Cyr61, CTGF, Nov, WISP-1, WISP-2, WISP-3), is involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. Several studies have shown that expression of Cyr61, CTGF, and WISP-1 affects the tumorigenic potential of lung cancer cells in vitro. However, the correlation of expression of CCN family proteins and clinical features of lung cancer remains unknown.Methodology and Principal FindingsIn the present work, we quantified the mRNA levels of Cyr61, CTGF, and WISP-1 in samples from 60 primary lung cancers and their matched normal lung tissues by quantitative real-time PCR assay. Downregulation of the Cyr61 and CTGF genes and upregulation of the WISP-1 gene were found in primary lung cancers compared to the paired normal lung tissues. Immunohistochemistry analysis also disclosed a similar expression pattern of Cyr61, CTGF, and WISP-1 protein in paired lung cancer tissues. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between expression of either Cyr61 or CTGF with tumor stage, tumor histology, metastasis, smoking, and family history at diagnosis. A significant correlation also existed between WISP-1 expression with tumor histology, and patient age. Moreover, expression levels of Cyr61 and CTGF correlated with survival of the lung-cancer patients.ConclusionsOur results suggest that Cyr61, CTGF, and WISP-1 might be implicated in the development and progression of primary lung cancers, and their levels might serve as valuable prognostic markers, as well as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.