We develop a theoretical model to analyze the impact of economic openness and financial bias (i.e., open sector bias and urban area bias) on the urban–rural income gap. Our theoretical model puts forth three propositions, which we empirically test using a dynamic panel data model. We use data from 30 provinces in China spanning from 2004 to 2017 for our empirical analysis. Our results reveal a U‐shaped relationship between the urban–rural income gap and the level of regional economic openness. We also find an inverted U‐shaped relationship between the urban–rural income gap and the open sector bias of regional financial development. Moreover, our analysis indicates a positive relationship between the urban–rural income gap and urban area bias in regional financial development. These three propositions hold true for both nominal and real measures of the income gap.

国际贸易学课程是国际经济与贸易专业的专业基础课程,主要培养掌握经济学基本原理和国际贸易基本理论、基本知识,通晓最新的国际贸易业务运作方式与基本操作技能,能够无障碍进行英语交流,具有国际视野、创新和开拓精神的应用型国际经贸人才.文章从课程思政教育的案例教学路径、课程思政教育素材、课程思政教育目标三个方面,探讨课程思政元素如何融入国际贸易学课程,以引导学生形成和巩固"四个正确认识".

This paper uses spatial econometric and the threshold effect models to study the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China’s energy conservation and emissions reduction. We use provincial-level data on pollutants (CO2, wastewater emission, exhaust emission, and waste emission) available from 2001 to 2015. Results indicated that FDI not only promotes China’s “energy conservation,” but also improves China’s CO2 emission efficiency and environmental efficiency. We find that export-oriented foreign companies can significantly improve China’s energy efficiency and water quality. FDI enhances energy efficiency through eco-oriented technological progress and water quality, air quality through production-oriented technological progress. We also find that the impact of FDI on China’s energy conservation and emission reduction has significant threshold effects. Our findings contradict the often believed “pollution haven hypothesis.”

文章利用2008—2018年75个国家的面板数据,构建扩展后的贸易引力模型,实证分析中国自主创新和进口国知识产权保护对中国高技术产品出口的影响.研究发现:总体而言,进口国知识产权保护与中国自主创新均积极推动中国高技术产品出口;考虑交互效应后,交互效应显著地抑制中国高技术产品出口.分组而言,不同收入水平的分组回归结果存在显著的差异,在高收入、中高收入分组中,进口国知识产权保护和中国自主创新能够促进中国高技术产品出口,这在中低、低收入分组中并不显著,但二者交互项始终抑制中国高技术产品出口.因此,中国在提升自主创新能力的同时应积极参与国际知识产权的制定,选择适当的贸易伙伴国,促进中国高技术产品出口稳步增长.

基于我国2000—2019年省级面板数据,从"三重"开放视角运用空间面板计量模型和门槛面板模型,研究经济开放对我国城乡收入差距的影响.研究结果显示:经济开放与城乡收入差距存在显著的空间相关性,经济开放能够显著缩小本地区及其邻近地区的城乡收入差距,但存在显著的阶段性特征与区域差异;经济开放对城乡收入差距存在单一经济发展水平的门槛效应,伴随经济发展水平跨越门槛值,经济开放对城乡收入差距的作用效应由扩大变为缩小;经济开放对城乡收入差距存在单一地方财政支出水平的门槛效应,伴随地方财政支出水平跨越门槛值,经济开放缩小城乡收入差距的作用效应趋于下降.

We develop a theoretical model of the impact of economic openness and government efficiency on urbanization. The theoretical model is supplemented with the Malmquist-Luenberger index of Super-slack-based measure with undesirable outputs and dynamic panel data model. The empirical models use data collected from 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2017. Results indicate that improvement in the level of trade openness in an urban area can increase the urban population. The improvement in government efficiency in an urban area can also increase the urban population. Regional trade openness can effectively promote regional migration. Trade openness has a mediation effect between government efficiency and migration. We also find that trade openness favors female rather than male migration to urban areas.

就业是民族地区经济发展和社会稳定的出发点和落脚点.文章通过构建面板数据模型,研究产业结构调整、金融发展与新疆南疆三地州就业的关系,研究发现:随着经济社会的发展,城镇化进程的推进,新疆南疆三地州城镇就业和农村就业水平逐步提高,但区域收入差距的扩大使区域内劳动力向区域外转移,工业化的推进抑制了农村就业水平的提升;金融效率的提升、金融规模的扩大抑制了农村就业,但促进了城镇就业;市场化进程的推进促进了农村就业水平的提升,但抑制了城镇就业,同时政府对就业的推动作用是显著的;非农产业比重的提高拉动了城镇和农村就业,但产业结构转换速度的提高抑制了区域就业.

本文在分析《宏观经济学》课程本科教学中要注意"开章明义"、"高屋建瓴"、"按部就班"、"循序渐进"、"双中心、两手抓"、"脚踏实地"、"宏观经济学的科学性"等七个方面问题基础上,提出要保证充足教学时间、开设中级宏观经济学课程、由教师选择合适的教学方式、"顶天立地"讲授、优化课程考核方式以更好地讲授《宏观经济学》课程.

Groundwater resource is an important part of the basin water resources and the lifeblood of the ecological environment in arid area. The groundwater resources in the Tarim River Basinhadsomeproblems such as manage-ment segmentation, lack of co-ordination between the surface water and groundwater, and out of control in the groundwater resources development and utilization. The excessive exploitation of groundwater resources resulted in a series of ecological and environmental problems such as drying up parts of the river, and dropping the water level. According to these problems, this paper put forward some management countermeasures, including improving laws and regulations system for groundwater resources management in river basin,perfecting the management system for headstream and mainstream groundwater resources, establishing the integrated scheduling model of underground reservoir and surface water,and constructing the integrated management mode of the basin groundwater and surface water resources, so as to promote the sustainable development in the Tarim River Basin.

构建面板数据模型研究经济开放、金融发展对西部地区就业结构的影响,研究发现:经济开放、金融发展规模与结构促进了区域就业产业结构优化;金融资源配置效率的提高抑制了区域就业产业结构优化;国际贸易、金融发展效率的提高促进了非正规就业规模的扩大;经济开放、金融发展引起的技术进步抑制了区域就业结构的优化.

新疆的贫困问题不仅是一项经济社会课题,更是一项事关西北边疆安全与稳定的政治课题.该问题的有效解决很大程度上取决于新疆农村地区扶贫资金的使用效率.基于新疆农村居民家庭人均纯收入分组数据,采用SVAR模型及脉冲响应函数,测算了1988-2012年新疆农村地区的FGT贫困指数,分析扶贫资金投入对新疆农村地区的减贫作用.结果表明,新疆农村地区贫困程度波动明显,2012年新疆农村贫困广度为13.9％、贫困深度为6.7％、贫困强度为7.4％;贫困人口"被脱贫"现象仍然存在,贫困标准有待进一步提高;新疆农村Gini系数已达0.49,收入分配状况不容乐观;扶贫资金的投入对降低新疆农村地区贫困广度和贫困深度作用较为明显,而对贫困强度的改善作用比较微弱.今后扶贫工作中,更加注重精准扶贫和最贫困人口状况是提高扶贫资金减贫效果的关键所在.

准公共物品容易导致管理分割,分割的准公共物品又导致利益博弈,而解决准公共物品的分割问题与利益博弈,在学术上具有一定的难度.塔里木河流域流线长、跨区广,造成分割利益主体博弈下的水资源管理失灵、分割管理与多头需求、地下水资源的公共池塘效应等管理困境.文章尝试从流域水权的界定与总量控制体系构建、宏观统筹管理机制的建立与完善、流域水权激励与利益协调机制建设、流域市场调节机制建设等方面提出塔里木河流域水资源统筹协调管理的思路与解决途径,以期为流域可持续发展提供参考.

新疆重点生态功能区经济社会发展相对落后并且生态环境脆弱,是影响国家生态安全、经济安全、边疆安全及全面、协调、可持续发展的特殊地区.文章在分析新疆重点生态功能区及生态补偿状况的基础上,构建面板数据模型实证分析新疆重点生态功能区生态补偿经济效应.研究发现:生态补偿对新疆重点生态功能区经济发展虽在一定程度有促进作用,促进了居民收入的增加,但影响不显著,重点生态功能区转移支付和退牧还草补偿可以增加居民收入,退耕还林生态补偿导致居民收入减少,生态补偿“组合体”、重点生态功能区转移支付、退耕还林补偿、退牧还草补偿的“城镇”效应挤占“农村”效应.因此,需建立生态补偿主体的多元化、生态补偿方式的多样化格局以及加快产业结构调整,才能更好地促进新疆产业发展与生态平衡的双赢.

Based on the perspective of self development main subject,we construct the self-development capability index to measure the self-development capability from 2006 to 2010 of 12 provinces,cities and autonomous regions in western,establish panel data model to analysis influence factors of western region self-development capability.The results obtained are as follows: self-development capability of 12 provinces,cities and autonomous regions in western presents pour "U" change trend,and the coordination of government,enterprises,family and overall region is poor;industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization can improve western region self-development capability,but the improvement of marketization level in a certain extent can inhibit the improvement of western region self-development capability;Urbanization will prevent the enhancement of government and family self-development capability,while the improvement of marketization can will improve government self-development capability,but restrain enterprise self-development capability and regional learning innovation ability that Foreign direct investment can strengthen.Finally we put forward countermeasures based on the analysis conclusion.

From the perspective of overall system synergy,we integrate different production process efficiency of integrated industry system,construct measure model of ecological efficiency of industrial system to measure it in western area from 2005 to 2010,and empirically analyse its influencing factors.The results showed that ecological efficiency of industrial system in western region has showed the inverted "U" type trend,the gap among different provinces is gradually widening,and the cooperativity of different production process is not good.Secondly,the increase of capital investment and advances in technology will promote the efficiency of clean production,but the change of industrial structure and the improvement of marketization will reduce the clean production efficiency.Thirdly,the effect on ecological environment of FDI shows in terms of"energy conservation",rather than the "emission reduction".Finally,the effects on ecological efficiency of industry system from structure factors are more important than effects of system factors.

<正>新疆正处于大开发、大建设的跨越式发展时期,生态环境保护与建设和脱贫解困的矛盾日益凸显。新疆区域生态功能重要性及生态环境条件差别较大,决定了必须实施有差异的生态补偿政策。根据区域经济发展和生态环境状况,确定生态补偿优先序,分区规划,探索分类补偿政策,建立健全生态补偿机制,建设"美丽新疆",是"稳疆兴疆,富民固边"战略目标和"生态立区

To speed up economic development pattern transformation is a profound transformation of economic and social areas in China.The economic development pattern transformation of ethnic areas in the western is of great significance for building a well-off society and realizing the regional coordinated development.Based on actual situation and intension of the economic development pattern transformation,we construct evaluation index system of economic development pattern transformation of ethnic areas in the western.We use the index system to evaluate the degree of development pattern transformation of ethnic areas in the western——"five areas and three provinces",and finally put forward the path selection to speed up economic development pattern transformation of ethnic regions in the western on the calculated result.

<正>改革开放以来,我国吸引外商直接投资的规模逐步扩大,利用外资的质量不断提高,引资政策也发生了明显的转变。国家大力引导外资投向新兴产业及西部欠发达地区。在新形势下,新疆要结合自身特点,建立具有新疆特色的引资发展战略,促进本地区产业结构优化升级,推动区域经济的发展,进而实现跨越式发展和长治

加快转变经济发展方式是我国经济社会领域的一场深刻变革,西部地区经济发展方式的转变对我国全面建设小康社会和实现区域协调发展具有重要的意义.文章立足于西部地区经济社会发展实际,基于西部地区经济发展方式转变的内涵,构建西部地区经济发展方式转变测评指标体系,并以新疆为例,运用指标体系测评新疆经济发展方式转变的程度,最后基于测算结果提出加快新疆经济发展方式转变的路径.