In the face of increasingly complex environmental challenges, subnational governments play a critical role in implementing climate policies. This study investigates how intergovernmental interactions-specifically formal authority interactions and informal competitive interactions-shape the adoption of climate policies by Chinese provincial governments. Drawing on panel data from 31 provinces between 2003 and 2018, the study constructs a two-dimensional analytical framework to assess how formal authority interactions and informal competitive interactions combine to influence subnational policy adoption. Our findings indicate that formal authority interactions significantly promote provincial policy adoption, while informal competitive interactions follow an inverted "N-shaped" trajectory characterized by initial suppression, subsequent promotion, and final suppression. Overall, the impact of informal competitive interactions on policy adoption is primarily inhibitory, with limited positive effects emerging during the promotion phase. Informal competitive interactions negatively moderate the influence of formal authority interactions, leading to weakened and distorted positive effects on policy adoption. This study contributes to policy adoption theories by emphasizing the dual roles of power and competition. Moreover, by demonstrating that informal competitions can inhibit the positive effects of formal authoritative interactions on policy adoption, it also enriches scholarly understanding of the dynamics of intergovernmental competition in multilevel governance systems. Ante los desaf & iacute;os ambientales cada vez m & aacute;s complejos, los gobiernos subnacionales desempe & ntilde;an un papel fundamental en la implementaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas clim & aacute;ticas. Este estudio investiga c & oacute;mo las interacciones intergubernamentales, en concreto las interacciones entre autoridades formales y las interacciones competitivas informales, influyen en la adopci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas clim & aacute;ticas por parte de los gobiernos provinciales chinos. A partir de datos de panel de 31 provincias entre 2003 y 2018, el estudio construye un marco anal & iacute;tico bidimensional para evaluar c & oacute;mo se combinan las interacciones entre autoridades formales y las interacciones competitivas informales para influir en la adopci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas subnacionales. Nuestros hallazgos indican que las interacciones entre autoridades formales promueven significativamente la adopci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas provinciales, mientras que las interacciones competitivas informales siguen una trayectoria invertida en forma de "N", caracterizada por una supresi & oacute;n inicial, una promoci & oacute;n posterior y una supresi & oacute;n final. En general, el impacto de las interacciones competitivas informales en la adopci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas es principalmente inhibitorio, con efectos positivos limitados durante la fase de promoci & oacute;n. Las interacciones competitivas informales moderan negativamente la influencia de las interacciones entre autoridades formales, lo que resulta en efectos positivos debilitados y distorsionados en la adopci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas. Este estudio contribuye a las teor & iacute;as de adopci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas al destacar la doble funci & oacute;n del poder y la competencia. Adem & aacute;s, al demostrar que las competencias informales pueden inhibir los efectos positivos de las interacciones autoritarias formales en la adopci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas, tambi & eacute;n enriquece la comprensi & oacute;n acad & eacute;mica de la din & aacute;mica de la competencia intergubernamental en los sistemas de gobernanza multinivel. 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Research on policy entrepreneurs and policy innovation has traditionally relied on qualitative methods and case studies, focusing primarily on the role of individual entrepreneurs. However, the success of policy entrepreneurs in driving change often stems from collective efforts. Therefore, it is important to shift the focus from individual policy entrepreneurs to collective policy entrepreneurs. This paper offers an innovative approach to quantifying the contributions of policy entrepreneurs to local environmental policy innovation. Drawing on panel data spanning 31 Chinese provinces from 2009 to 2016, our study reveals that Local People's Congress (LPC) bills play a central role in driving environmental policy innovation. Additionally, while Local People's Political Consultative Conference (LPPCC) proposals alone may not significantly impact environmental policy innovation, they do exert a notable substitution effect on LPC bills. This research not only provides valuable theoretical and methodological insights into the functions of LPC and LPPCC in policy innovation but also advances our understanding of quasi-government policy entrepreneurs and the broader policy process.

To accomplish clean air and carbon peaking and neutrality goals in the new development stage, it is essential to synergize air contamination and carbon emission reduction. This research assesses the synergistic effect between air contamination and carbon emission reduction of the carbon emissions trading (CET) pilot policy in China using the difference-in-differences (DID) model. The results demonstrate that, first, this policy has a dual impact by considerably reducing both carbon emissions and PM _2. _5 emissions. Second, the pilot policy can decrease carbon emissions through ‘pollution-to-carbon’ synergistic control effect, which enables the incentive and restraint functions to be strengthened for trading carbon emissions. Nevertheless, the synergistic control effect of ‘carbon-to-pollution’ is not significant since the replacement effect produced by investment pressure. Third, the synergy between air contamination and carbon emission management in pilot areas substantially reduces pollution emissions, suggesting that a greater degree of synergistic control generates more effective incentive or restraint effect.

地方政府环境协同治理能力是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要体现.通过整合协同治理理论、目标设置理论和资源依赖理论,构建"目标—政策—资源"地方政府环境协同治理能力三维分析框架,并结合H市环境治理案例进行分析,研究发现,目标协同维度存在时间和主体两个子维度,在时间子维度上要实现长期目标与短期目标间协同,主体子维度上要加强政府内外多主体目标间协同;政策协同维度包括纵向和横向协同两个层面,在纵向上地方政府应与中央政府实现政策协同,在横向上环境政策应与经济政策及其他相关政策保持协同;资源协同维度涵盖人、财、物以及信息资源的协同,人、财、物协同提供基础支撑,信息协同提供数据支撑,从而增强协同治理能力.因此,地方政府应从制定区域协同目标、提高政策协同度和加强信息化建设等路径提升环境协同治理能力.

"公地悲剧"在当今生态环境领域屡见不鲜,协同治理作为克服"公地悲剧"的有效途径被广泛使用,但如何实现跨行政区域的全方位协同、提高协同治理效能仍需探索.为此,本文以永定河流域跨行政区域政企协同治理为例,尝试提出政企"互嵌式协同"这一创新治理模式,从"结构—制度"两个维度分析如何实现政企互嵌式协同并探索其内在机理.研究发现,互嵌式协同能有效破解政企协同治理过程中因集体行动和资源匮乏而产生的治理困境,提升跨行政区域政企协同治理效能.

低碳试点政策是实现双碳目标的一项重要制度安排,然而不同扩散模式下的低碳试点政策对改善环境质量的政策效果差异尚不明确.基于2003-2019年中国281个地级市的面板数据,将3批低碳试点政策视为准自然实验,采用渐进双重差分模型评估不同扩散模式下的低碳试点政策对改善环境质量的差异化影响效应.研究发现:第一,低碳城市建设显著降低了空气污染水平,有助于改善环境质量;第二,层级扩散模式下的低碳试点政策减污效应优于主动扩散模式;第三,层级扩散与主动扩散模式下的低碳试点政策对提升环境质量的影响效应在不同经济发展水平、不同类型的城市中表现出较为明显的异质性.研究结果为深入打好污染防治攻坚战、建设人与自然和谐共生的美丽中国提供了有益的政策启示.

Policy science went through a paradigm shift from positivism to post-positivism in the process of its vigorous development. As public policy studies refocuses on democracy, policy feedback theory has gradually emerged as one of the alternative policy process theories. The theory holds that the endogenous nature of public policy in the policy process deserves more attention, and that policy is not only the output of the political system, but also the input factor of the policy process. Existing policies have the capacity to reshape the political process and influence future policies. Policy feedback theory originates from historical institutionalism in political science. The key characteristic of the theory is to affirm the ontological status of the policy itself in the policy process and explain the approaches and mechanisms of the influence of existing policies on the policy process. The article develops a comprehensive analytical framework for the policy feedback theory based on tracing its origin, fundamental propositions, and research. It also discusses the approaches to studying policy feedback and summarizes the theory’s contributions, limitations, and potential ways to develop it, aiming to contribute to China’s public policy research.

实现"双碳"目标需要依托完善的气候政策体系,良好的气候政策是应对气候变化的有力抓手.中国气候政策扩散十分迅速,但地区不均衡性突出,这意味着气候政策扩散遵循着多元路径与多元机理.为探究中国气候政策扩散路径与机理,该研究吸收垂直影响模型、水平影响模型、内部决定模型等政策扩散理论成果,结合中国实践,提出中国气候政策扩散模型,并使用2007-2019年省级空间面板数据实证检验,研究发现:①中国气候政策扩散受到"自上而下路径"与"水平扩散路径"的影响,"自下而上路径"的影响并不存在.自上而下路径与水平扩散路径还存在共同作用,但作用方向视中央政府的干预手段与同级政府间的互动关系而定.②试点推广、地理扩散与竞争扩散构成了中国气候政策的扩散机理.中央政府通过引导性的"试点推广"驱动气候政策扩散,而非强制性的"政策压力"."地理扩散"和"竞争扩散"可以推动气候政策在同级政府间的传播.③不同扩散路径对应不同的扩散机理.自上而下路径通过"试点推广"发挥作用,而非"政策压力".气候议程顺位较低、气候政策推行的因地制宜原则是政策压力缺失的主要原因.水平扩散路径的作用机理包括"地理扩散"和"竞争扩散",地理扩散的实质是相似环境下的政策学习与模仿.该研究揭示了中国气候政策扩散的一般规律,不仅丰富了政策扩散理论,还为中国气候政策体系建设提供有益参考.此外,该研究将政策扩散的分析对象由单项政策拓展为多项同类政策,为政策扩散的研究提供新启迪.

为解释全球气候危机治理的过程与内在机制,梳理了重大气候治理事件,划分为前期治理阶段、协同共治阶段、合作受挫阶段、治理停滞阶段与谈判突破阶段,从科学、政治、政策三维视角分析全球气候危机治理的逻辑.研究发现,气候危机治理既是科学问题,也是政治问题,还是政策问题,全球气候危机治理先后经历了科学主导、政策主导、政治主导,再回归政策主导的治理历程;科学、政治与政策三种逻辑存在有规可循的产生及作用机理,既可以推动也可以阻碍全球气候治理进程.

The environment is the common property of all human beings, and all should enjoy equal rights to use the environment. Years of growth have greatly improved China's overall economic development, but the problem of environmental inequality has become prominent. Based on data from 278 prefecture-level cities, the Williamson coefficient is used to measure the environmental inequality and environmental pollution-inequality indices of 25 regions from 2003 to 2015, and the effects of the stringency of environmental policy instruments on environmental inequality are discussed. The results demonstrate that the provincial environmental inequalities in China between 2003 and 2015 declined at first and then rose, thus showing a U-shaped trend, and the heterogeneity of various pollutant emissions is substantial. The extent of public participation is negatively correlated with environmental inequality, while the stringencies of command-and-control and market-based instruments are positively correlated with environmental inequality. An inequality process may be necessary during the transformation from a high-pollution to a low-pollution state, so governments should mix a variety of environmental policy instruments to narrow or even eliminate regional environmental inequality. The findings of this study have important implications for the government to effectively choose policy instruments, improve policymaking ability, and eliminate environmental inequality.

近年来气候政策在中国快速扩散,在地方呈爆发式增长态势.为解释地方政府气候政策采纳的影响机制,本文收集2007—2018年中国31个省级行政区的面板数据,运用固定效应模型实证检验行政压力、绩效竞争和公众诉求对地方政府气候政策采纳的影响.研究发现,中央气候绩效压力、公众气候变化关注度可以推动地方政府采纳气候政策;府际气候政策绩效竞争程度与地方政府气候政策采纳数量呈现U型关系;中央经济绩效压力、府际经济绩效竞争对气候政策采纳没有明显的抑制作用;气候政策绩效的区域分化导致地方政府内部形成层次鲜明的绩效梯队.区别于事件史分析法,采用连续型指标测量政策采纳力度,对探究地方政府的政策行为具有启发意义.

中共十九届五中全会提出在2035年要广泛形成绿色生产生活方式,全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展,基本实现美丽中国建设目标.绿色发展促进共同富裕的机制是,以"两山论"为理论支撑,在政府调控与市场配置的共同作用下,绿色发展通过分工、要素分配、技术、就业与包容效应,提升收入水平、缩小贫富差距、实现共享发展,从而促进共同富裕.对2010-2018年省级数据进行测度和实证检验的结果表明:绿色发展显著促进共同富裕,这种促进作用是由要素分配、绿色技术和就业中介效应等发挥的;绿色发展产生了持续增强的共同富裕效应,且能够缩小不同地区共同富裕水平的差距.绿色产业升级引领、绿色技术应用推广、绿色共享发展将促进共同富裕.

从政策网络理论视角,运用社会网络分析方法,以中科院西安光机所为典型案例探讨促进科技成果转化政策实施的机理和网络治理的路径.研究表明,结构完整的网络关系能提升政策实施效果,良性互动的网络关系则能促进科技成果转化.因此,提出科技成果转化政策实施网络的治理路径,推动更加广泛的行动者参与政策网络;重视网络的构建,促进政策行动者之间充分交流;加强政策社群与其他网络行动者的交流;发挥专业网络在科技成果转化的中介作用.这对于提升我国科技成果转化政策实施效果以及实现科技自立自强具有重要的意义.

近年来中国生态文明建设成效显著,但不同区域的环境治理成效差异明显.为探究中国情境下区域环境的有效治理机制,本文选择珠三角大气污染治理作为案例,构建"制度-激励-行为"分析框架,从多维视角分析珠三角大气污染防治过程与环境治理逻辑.研究发现:为实现环境善治,需要完善顶层制度设计,源头控制与末端监管两手抓,形成以经济激励为基础、压力激励为补充的双重激励环境,并充分动员政府、公众与企业共同参与环境治理进程;企业缺位、社会监督力量薄弱、地方政府激励不足、治理手段单一等是影响区域环境治理难以取得成效的主要因素.珠三角大气污染治理作为区域环境治理的范例,探索与分析其治理逻辑,对完善中国区域环境治理机制具有重要意义.

第一轮"双一流"建设成效评价和第五轮学科评估正在进行,学科作为重要的评价单元必将推动高等学校内涵式发展.将生态学理论引入学科建设,为学科发展研究提供了一个新的视角,但如何建设学科生态系统和选择实践路径仍需探索.优化学科生态系统需要打造学科群、突出"高峰高原"学科发展优势和树立学科品牌.因此,各高等学校应从社会生态系统、学科内部生态系统和学科群生态系统三个层面同时发力,完善动力机制、夯实组织基础、协调学科发展和推动学科开放,建设良好的学科生态系统,以促进新工科、新文科建设,实现"双一流"建设目标.

全球气候变化愈演愈烈,造成海平面上升、极端天气事件增加和森林火灾频发等风险加剧.尽管各国为此付出诸多努力,但全球变暖趋势并未遏止,解决气候问题已刻不容缓.中国作为全球碳排放第一大国,已向国际社会承诺在2030年前实现碳排放达峰,2060年前实现碳中和.为探究中国气候政策协同机制及其效应,推动碳减排,文章提出"部门联合体"概念,认为由于部门分工专业化特性,单一部门无法有效应对复杂的气候问题,多部门间的气候政策协同势在必行.气候政策协同贯穿于政策目标制定、政策细则确定与政策实施过程之中,可以通过优化政策目标、完善政策细则、强化政策实施的方式,充分动员各部门参与应对气候变化,提升气候治理能力.研究表明,中央政府与省级政府的气候政策协同程度存在明显的层级差异,中央政府的气候政策协同程度更高,省级政府的气候政策协同还有较大提升空间.文章使用2003—2017年中国省级面板数据实证分析,发现气候政策协同可以降低碳排放,但这种影响以间接效应体现出来.气候政策协同不会对碳排放产生直接影响,而是通过四类交互效应机制发挥作用:气候政策协同与加强财政投入、推动技术创新、优化产业结构、降低能源强度等措施相配套,可以更为有效地减少碳排放.中国的气候政策协同经验对构建全球碳减排机制有重要的参考价值,文章提出,以气候政策协同的有效性为现实基础,依据"部门联合体"行为逻辑,建立全球性的气候治理协同机制,高效推进全球碳减排,减缓气候变化进程.

随着人民对“公平而有质量”高等教育需要的不断增强,高等教育发展水平的综合测度研究已成为高等教育发展的前瞻性课题.本文选择2005-2017年的省级数据,构建基于规模、公平与质量的评价指标体系,利用标准化方法与威廉逊系数方法进行了统计测度,结果显示:我国高等教育不平衡不充分发展程度有较大改善,不平衡问题改善明显大于不充分问题改善,但区域发展不平衡仍是高等教育不充分发展的主要原因;随着时间的推移,高等教育的不充分发展的结构异质性加大;高等教育质量的区域不平衡逐步演变为高等教育发展不平衡的最核心问题.本文对高等教育发展改革与政策制定提供了一定的思路与启示.

近年来,随着生活水平的不断提高,公众对于环境的要求越来越高,相应地对政府环境治理能力的要求也会越来越高.因此,提升政府环境治理能力成为大势所趋.本研究在借鉴已有学者的观点上定义了政府环境治理能力的含义,并从政府的开放、社会的参与以及影响环境治理的客观因素出发,探究了影响政府环境治理能力的因素,并在此基础上从环境治理成果和社会参与程度两方面构建了政府环境治理能力的评价体系,提出了提高政府环境治理能力的四点意见.

The internet of energy conforms to the trend of clean, electrified, networked, and intelligent urban energy systems and is a new solution for the green development of smart cities. Using air-quality-index big data from official publications for 2018 to 2019, this study performs a quasi-natural experiment to assess the impact of internet of energy demonstration projects in China. Using a difference-in-difference test, it is found that this initiative improves the air quality of pilot cities. After estimating a spatial panel regression model, we find that the spatial radiation effect of the policy indicates that the air quality around the pilot city is also improved. This study provides empirical evidence for the promotion and application of internet of energy projects.

政策科学作为一门应用性跨学科研究的新兴学科,在世界各国和各领域因其能解决社会现实问题而蓬勃发展.随着中国改革开放的不断深入,外部环境复杂多变,政策科学势必面临各种新的挑战.文章以政策科学的发展过程为研究对象,系统梳理国内外文献,归纳总结政策科学发展的三个阶段及其演进逻辑,提炼出政策科学研究范式的转换路径.同时,文章针对现阶段政策科学研究存在的问题——对民主性或科学性的盲目追求,提出今后政策科学应当促进民主与科学的融合以及跨学科研究,紧密结合中国的实际情况,创新政策科学理论与方法,推动中国政策科学的繁荣发展.