近些年,随着我国水产养殖业的快速发展,高密度养殖及渔用配合饲料的大量使用,导致池塘养殖水体的富营养化和养殖鱼脂肪大量积累(Tanamati A等, 2009).水体富营养化对养殖鱼的品质、风味和健康等也产生负面影响.脂肪过度积累对鱼类肌肉营养组成、内脏脂肪含量、体色、风味及健康等也产生负面影响,进而影响市场接受度和渔业经济效益(Johansson L 等, 2000).

为了评估青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)不同群体的生长性能,对湖南湘江(XJ)、湖北石首(SS)、江苏邗江(HJ)的青鱼采用PIT标记和网箱同池混养法,比较三个不同地理群体生长差异性.通过单因素方差分析、相关性分析、多重比较分析不同青鱼群体间生长差异性和性状间的相关性.结果显示:三个群体中,HJ群体在增重率、增长率、生长指数等表现良好.XJ群体体重增重率以及生长指数都较低,表明XJ群体生长较为缓慢.SS群体在体重增重率上与HJ群体不具有显著性差异,但在体宽和体高上SS群体生长离散程度最大.性状相关性分析中,体长、体宽、体高与体重的相关系数也均达到极显著水平.综合以上研究,HJ群体的生长性能最好,可以作为良种选育的主要对象.

试验旨在研究黑水虻替代饵料鱼粉对乌鳢生长性能、抗氧化及免疫指标的影响.选取初体重为(6.87±0.62)g的鸟鳢幼鱼135尾,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复15尾鱼.对照组乌鳢饲喂基础饵料,试验组分别使用黑水虻干虫(D1组)和黑水虻虫粉(D2组)替代基础饵料中50％的鱼粉.试验期60 d.结果 表明,与对照组相比,D1、D2组乌鳢血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高(P＜0.05);血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P＜0.05).肾脏酸性磷酸酶活性、补体C3和C4含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).D1组乌鳢的脏体比显著高于其他组(P＜0.05).研究表明,黑水虻虫粉可以增强乌鳢抗氧化能力和免疫功能,且黑水虻干虫对鸟鳢幼鱼抗氧化和免疫能力的促进作用更明显.

为检验丝兰提取物对三角鲂生长性能、饲料利用、消化酶活性及肠道结构的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0％(Y0)、0.05％(r1)、0.15％(Y2)、0.25％(Y3)、0.35％ (Y4)和0.45％(Y5)的丝兰提取物投喂试验鱼56 d,每天饱食投喂2次.研究结果表明,随着丝兰提取物添加水平的增加,三角鲂幼鱼体末体均重、增重率和特定生长率呈先上升后下降趋势.试验组Y3具有最高的增重率和最低的饵料系数.与对照组Y0相比,0.15％(Y2)、0.25％(r3)组肝脏胰蛋白酶活性和淀粉酶活性显著提高(P＜0.05).综上所述,在饲料中添加一定水平的丝兰提取物可显著促进三角鲂的生长和饲料利用并提高消化酶活性.以饵料系数作为主要指标,三角鲂幼鱼其最适添加水平为0.236％.

[Objective] To study the anticoagulation effect of different anticoagulants on peripheral blood of crucian carp.[Method] Using crucian carp cultivar "Zhongke No.3" as research object,the anticoagulation effects of five kinds of anticoagulants on peripheral blood of crucian carp were compared.The suitable kind of anticoagulant and its effective concentration for peripheral blood of crucian carp were discussed.[Result] Under these test conditions,except for L-cysteine,other four kinds of anticoagulants could prolong the blood coagulation time more than 61.43 min.The effective anticoagulation concentrations of heparin sodium,sodium citrate,potassium oxalate and EDTA were (0.80±0.17),(1.42±0.14),(1.17±0.14) and (2.33±0.58) mg/mL respectively.Under the microscope,the hemocyte morphology of peripheral blood in crucian carp treated with heparin sodium,sodium citrate,potassium oxalate and EDTA could be well maintained.[Conclusion] The research can provide references for the application of anticoagulants for peripheral blood of crucian carp.

Objective] The aim was to study LDH isozyme in different tissues of Xenocypris davidi.[Method] By using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and specific dye measures, LDH isozyme in 4 tissues (liver, kidney, eye and heart) of Xenocypris davidi was studied.[Re-sult] The results showed that the electrophoretogram of LDH isozyme patterns exhibited remarkable tissue specificities .14 LDH isozyme bands en-coded by LDH-A, LDH-B, LDH-C loci were detected from all the 4 tissues.7 bands were found in heart and kidney, 6 bands were found in eye, and 14 bands were found in liver.6 specific bands encoded by LDH-C were detected on the cathode side of PAGE hectograph within liver. According to activity of LDH isozyme in tissues, LDH-2, LDH-3 and LDH-5 were preponderantly expressing in heart, LDH-2, LDH-7 and LDH-3 were preponderantly expressing in kidney, LDH-13, LDH-9 and LDH-12 were preponderantly expressing in liver, and LDH-5, LDH-2 and LDH-7 were preponderantly expressing in eye.[Conclusion] The study provides a scientific basis for enrichment of genetic ba-sis research, establishment of genetic breeding germplasm standard and analysis of population biochemical genetic structure .

In this experiment, a large number of Expressed Sequence Tags( EST) were obtained from transcriptome se-quences of livers in Channa argus and Channa maculatus by high-throughput sequencing technology, and Simple Sequence Repeats( SSR) Information was analysed. The result showed that, 59 959 EST with 45 mb length were obtained from Channa argus, and 15428 EST-SSR were mined out by MISA, with the frequency of 25. 73%; while 44 337 EST with 27mb length were obtained from Channa maculatus, and 8 439 EST-SSR were mined out by MISA, with the frequency of 19. 03%. In the EST-SSR of C. argus and C. maculatus, nucleotide and dinucleotide repeats were the main types, while the repeats less than 16bp in length were the main types. Mean values of reads per kilobase per million (RPKM) of EST in both interrupted and compound SSR were lower than mean values of RPKM of EST in pure SSR, and in the pure EST-SSR, the longer SSR in length, the lower mean values of RPKM.

Bacterial sepsis is a serious infection for fish. In the past years, the feeding cost of Megalobrama amblycephala had been seriously affected by bacterial sepsis. However, bacterial sepsis does not extensively occur during the feeding processes of Megalobrama terminalis. Therefore, M. terminalis which is highly resisted to bacterial sepsis is increasingly favored by farmers.To study the pathogen resistance mechanism of different varieties of Megalobrama fish in response to Aeromonas hydrophila, we used label-free based proteomics technology to study the proteome change of the livers of M. terminalis and M. amblycephala infected with A. hydrophila at 0 h, 3 h, 10 h and 24 h.After identification and relative quantification, 49 and 29 proteins changed at different post-infection time points in M. terminalis and M. amblycephala, respectively. The differentially expressed proteins were deeply analyzed by gene ontology annotation and bioinformatics, and we found that, by comparing with M. amblycephala, the percentage of differentially expressed redox proteins in M. terminalis increased from 7% to 13%, and β-globin was up-regulated (1.66, 3.44 and 1.93 times increased at 3 time points). Furthermore, we found that M. terminalis may specifically induce synergistic pathogen resistance mechanism including the regulation of pentose phosphate pathway, metabolism of fatty acids, leucine metabolism pathway and over-expression of β-globin to resist the invasion of pathogens.In summary, we studied four different stages of Megalobrama liver proteome expression after A. hydrophila infection, and found different pathogen resistance signal response pathway between two fish species, which indicates the resistance mechanism of different fish species after A. hydrophila infection. The result is of great benefit to further deeply reveal the molecular mechanisms of fish pathogen interactions and the breeding of pathogen-resistant Megalobrama fish varieties.

为满足标记辅助育种的要求,通过Illumina Solexa测序平台首次开展了乌鳢和斑鳢肝脏转录组测序.结果表明:乌鳢和斑鳢样本中分别得到85 802个和52 769个转录本,大小分别为113.75 Mb和44.29 Mb,组装后分别得到59 959个和44 337个Unigene,大小分别为45 Mb和27 Mb,序列平均长度为751.99 bp和608.88 bp.基因功能注释研究共获取了26 284个和24812个特异蛋白,根据特异蛋白注释结果进行GO分析,分别有20 682和21 752条Unigene有GO注释;采用GO功能分类工具可将已注释转录物序列划分为分子功能、生物途径和细胞成分3类,为下一步开展生长等性状相关基因功能验证研究以及分子标记辅助育种等提供了丰富的序列资源.

杂交鳢“杭鳢1号”(以下简称“杂交鳢”)是乌鳢♂和斑鳢♀杂交获得的F1代,笔者单位选育的该品种2009年通过全国水产原良种委员会审定(GS-02-003-2009),该品种养殖可全程采用人工饲料投喂,更兼有生长速度快、养殖周期短、产量高、饵料系数低、病害少、效益高等优点.杂交鳢的养殖有效解决了传统乌鳢投喂冰鲜鱼模式造成的水源污染及产品质量安全问题.2012年笔者单位承担了浙江省“十二五”水产新品种选育协作攻关项目,考虑到杂交鳢F1可育,在原有基础上持续进行后代选育研究,在同一F1群体中选择性状优良的个体进行繁育、养殖和选育.

选用HL7702正常肝细胞系为靶细胞,用含不同浓度的多糖和寡糖的细胞培养液,通过MTT法进行细胞毒性检测并评价多糖和寡糖的细胞毒性.结果表明,Zymosan A、β-glucan、Laminarin和酵母细胞壁具有一定的细胞毒性,茶多糖、香菇多糖、黄芪多糖和海藻多糖等对细胞毒性较小,其中海藻多糖对细胞生长具有明显的促进作用.低聚异麦芽糖、低聚果糖、低聚木糖和水苏糖等4种寡糖在低浓度时均无毒性,在高浓度时低聚异麦芽糖具有一定的细胞毒性,而水苏糖表现出明显的剂量依赖性.

[Objective]The research aimed to provide theoretical basis for scientific application of isomaltose hypgather in the breeding of Megalobrama terminalis. [Method] Different levels of isomaltose hypgather were added in the basic feed of M. terminalis to study the growth of M. terminalis and the number and composition of intestinal beneficial bacteria. The effects of isomaltose hypgather on the intestinal microflora of M. terminalis were discussed. [Result]Adding 0. 3% and 0. 6% isomaltose hypgather in the basic feed could significantly enhance the survival rate of M. terminalis. Adding 0. 6% and 0. 9% isomaltose hypgather could significantly promote the growth of M. terminalis. Adding 0. 6% and 0. 9% isomaltose hypgather could significantly increase the amount of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in the intestine of M. terminalis and improve the polymorphism of intestinal microflora to some extent. [Conclusion] The increase of the survival rate of M. terminalis was related with improving the intestinal bacterial composition and increasing the growth of beneficial bacteria to some extents.

以壳聚糖和阿拉伯胶为囊材,采用复凝聚法制备氟苯尼考微囊,探究阿拉伯胶浓度、壳聚糖浓度、给药量、搅拌速度对微囊制备工艺的影响,通过正交试验对处方和工艺进行优化.结果表明,在优化的处方及工艺条件下,所制备的氟苯尼考微囊圆整,平均粒径为10～20μm,包封率达71.80％,载药量达47.64％.

[目的]确定苯甲酸雌二醇诱导黄颡鱼性转化的条件.[方法]分别以浮游动物和微颗粒饲料作为激素载体,研究了添加不同浓度的苯甲酸雌二醇对黄颡鱼性转化诱导过程中成活率、雌性率以及体长的影响.[结果]浮游动物与微颗粒饲料作为载体进行投喂对黄颡鱼鱼苗成活率、雌性率和体长具有较明显差异,浮游动物组成活率为43.1％ ～66.5％,而微颗粒饲料组成活率为17.1％ ～52.1％;过高的激素浓度处理会导致死亡率升高,而过低的激素浓度处理会导致雌性率大大降低;不同载体和激素处理浓度对黄颡鱼鱼苗生长均具有明显的抑制作用.[结论]以浮游动物或微颗粒饲料为载体,苯甲酸雌二醇的最适浓度分别为150 μg/L和50 mg/kg.

试验采用4×4双因子设计,设计蛋白水平25％、30％、35％及40％,脂肪水平2％、4％、6％及8％,探讨不同蛋白质、脂肪水平对三角鲂[(19.1±0.52)朗生长性能及体成分的影响.试验鱼在1.0 m×1.0 m×1.5 m的网箱中进行养殖,每天投喂3次,试验周期8周.结果表明,不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对三角鲂增重率、饲料系数、摄食率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、肝体比、脏体比及全鱼的蛋白质、脂肪、灰分含量的影响存在交互作用(P＜0.05).其中,35％蛋白水平及6％脂肪水平下,三角鲂的增重率、饲料系数、特定生长率及成活率等指标优于其它各组.40％蛋白质水平下三角鲂肝体比显著高于25％与30％水平(P＜0.05),但与35％水平之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05);不同蛋白质水平下,三角鲂脏体比无显著性差异(P＞0.05);不同脂肪水平下,三角鲂肝体比无显著性差异(P＞0.05),2％脂肪水平组的脏体比显著低于其它各组(P＜0.05),其它组之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).蛋白质和脂肪水平对三角鲂肥满度无显著性影响(P＞0.05),蛋白质水平在25％～35％之间时,三角鲂全鱼蛋白水平有升高趋势,当蛋白含量为40％时,全鱼蛋白含量却显著低于其它各组(P＜0.05).不同脂肪水平对三角鲂鱼体蛋白质、脂肪及灰分含量的影响差异显著(P＜0.05),但却无显著的规律性.综合分析以上结果,以增重率、饲料系数、特定生长率、成活率及鱼体蛋白质含量等指标为主要参考对象,本试验条件下,三角鲂鱼种的适宜蛋白质及脂肪水平分别为35％和6％左右.

The changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS ) , antioxidant of Glutathione (GSH ) and antioxidant activities of catalase (CAT ) ,glutathione reductase (GR) ,glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) , peroxidase (POD ) , and superoxide dismutase (SOD ) were monitored in serum of hybrid snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus ♀ × O .maculatus ♂ ) which fed the diets containing 0% (as control group) ,1 ‰ , 2 ‰ ,4 ‰ ,and 8 ‰ of the yeast cell walls .The serum ROS contents were found to be decrease firstly and then increase with increasing dose of yeast cell wall ,the minimal level ROS of (1 .62 ± 0 .24) nmol/mg ?protein at a yeast cell wall dose of 2 ‰ ,significantly lower than in the other groups (P< 0 .05) .The GSH content showed the same change as content of ROS at yeast cell wall dose of below or equal 4 ‰ ,the also same case in activities of CAT ,GSH-PX ,POD and SOD except the content of GR .Excessive dietary amount of yeast cell walls led to elevate the content of ROS as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes .

现今水产养殖业追求优质高产,但在人为控温、高密度集约化养殖情况下,病害频发,造成较大经济损失.常规药物因受不同施药个体、环境的影响往往无法达到预期疗效,尤其对于水产动物及其特殊的生活环境.缓释制剂以其拥有优越于常规药物的释药优势而获得广泛的研究与开发,并已开始应用于水产.本文就缓释制剂较常规制剂的优越性、水产领域的研究应用现状及展望等怍一综述,为缓释制剂更好地应用于水产提供理论基础.

<正>桑树是目前木本叶用植物中产量最高的树种之一,桑叶中含有丰富的蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物元素及天然活性物质等,可作为一种良好的饲料蛋白源。研究发现,桑叶粉中特有的多种天然活性物质具有显著的降脂、降糖、抗氧化及清除自由基等作用。在鱼类养殖过程中,长期投喂配合饲料会导

[Objective] The research aimed to study the homology and content of serum immunoglobulin in Trionyx sinensis and Ophiocephalus argus Cantor(♂)×Ophiocephalus maculatus(♀).[Method] The serum of T.sinensis and O.argus Cantor(♂)×O.maculatus(♀) was sampled to cultivate with 25 commodities secondary antibodies for Western blot and ELISA analysis.[Result] The serum of T.sinensis and O.argus Cantor(♂)×O.maculatus(♀) reacted with six kinds of secondary antibodies(rabbit anti-chicken IgM,rabbit anti-pig IgG,rabbit anti-chicken IgG,rabbit anti-rat IgM,rabbit anti-monkey IgG and goat anti-human IgG)for Western blot.The serum immunnoglobulin level of T.sinensis and O.argus Cantor(♂)×O.maculatus(♀) was determined by using ELISA kits of chicken IgG,chicken IgM,swine IgG,rat IgM,mongkey IgG and human IgG.The serum immunnoglobulin concentrations of T.sinensis and O.argus Cantor(♂)×O.maculatus(♀) were 28.5-215.4 and 24.5-201.5 μg/L respectively.[Conclusion] This study could enrich the specific immune system research of T.sinensis and O.argus Cantor(♂)×O.maculatus(♀) and it was of certain guiding significance for the healthy breeding of T.sinensis and O.argus Cantor(♂)×O.maculatus(♀).

以珠江群体斑鳢为母本,分别与钱塘江群体、微山湖群体、洞庭湖群体、鄱阳湖群体乌鳢为父本进行杂交,在繁殖性能及杂交F1生长和形态方面进行比较分析.结果表明,繁殖性能上各杂交组合间的差异主要表现在催产率方面,斑鳢与洞庭湖群体乌鳢组合催产率最高,斑鳢与微山湖群体乌鳢组合及斑鳢与鄱阳湖群体乌鳢组合催产率较低；在F1生长方面,斑鳢与微山湖群体乌鳢群体组合优势显著,而斑鳢与钱塘江群体乌鳢组合、斑鳢与洞庭湖群体乌鳢组合、斑鳢与鄱阳湖群体乌鳢组合间差异不显著.