为检验丝兰提取物对三角鲂生长性能、饲料利用、消化酶活性及肠道结构的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0％(Y0)、0.05％(r1)、0.15％(Y2)、0.25％(Y3)、0.35％ (Y4)和0.45％(Y5)的丝兰提取物投喂试验鱼56 d,每天饱食投喂2次.研究结果表明,随着丝兰提取物添加水平的增加,三角鲂幼鱼体末体均重、增重率和特定生长率呈先上升后下降趋势.试验组Y3具有最高的增重率和最低的饵料系数.与对照组Y0相比,0.15％(Y2)、0.25％(r3)组肝脏胰蛋白酶活性和淀粉酶活性显著提高(P＜0.05).综上所述,在饲料中添加一定水平的丝兰提取物可显著促进三角鲂的生长和饲料利用并提高消化酶活性.以饵料系数作为主要指标,三角鲂幼鱼其最适添加水平为0.236％.

[Objective] To study the anticoagulation effect of different anticoagulants on peripheral blood of crucian carp.[Method] Using crucian carp cultivar "Zhongke No.3" as research object,the anticoagulation effects of five kinds of anticoagulants on peripheral blood of crucian carp were compared.The suitable kind of anticoagulant and its effective concentration for peripheral blood of crucian carp were discussed.[Result] Under these test conditions,except for L-cysteine,other four kinds of anticoagulants could prolong the blood coagulation time more than 61.43 min.The effective anticoagulation concentrations of heparin sodium,sodium citrate,potassium oxalate and EDTA were (0.80±0.17),(1.42±0.14),(1.17±0.14) and (2.33±0.58) mg/mL respectively.Under the microscope,the hemocyte morphology of peripheral blood in crucian carp treated with heparin sodium,sodium citrate,potassium oxalate and EDTA could be well maintained.[Conclusion] The research can provide references for the application of anticoagulants for peripheral blood of crucian carp.

近些年来,市场上推出了多种降低水体中亚硝态氮含量的化学药品.在实际生产中,药物有初始作用效果,3天后的作用以及更长时间的作用效果对其尤为重要.药品的初始作用效果好可以起到救急的作用,3天后的作用效果好在生产上更有意义,更长时间的作用效果好可以持续保持水体环境安全.

泥鳅肉质细嫩,营养丰富,作为滋补佳品,具有广阔的市场前景,尤其是近些年来,国际国内的泥鳅消费市场需求日益增大、销售价格连续走高,泥鳅的人工养殖也迅速升温.近几年引入杭州试养殖的台湾泥鳅,具有生长快、规格大、养殖周期短、产量高、易驯养等生产上的优势,在杭州地区取得较好的经济效益.鉴于此,2014-2015年,笔者在杭州地区进行了池塘高效养殖模式研究与示范,取得了较好的效果,现总结如下.

Objective] The aim was to study LDH isozyme in different tissues of Xenocypris davidi.[Method] By using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and specific dye measures, LDH isozyme in 4 tissues (liver, kidney, eye and heart) of Xenocypris davidi was studied.[Re-sult] The results showed that the electrophoretogram of LDH isozyme patterns exhibited remarkable tissue specificities .14 LDH isozyme bands en-coded by LDH-A, LDH-B, LDH-C loci were detected from all the 4 tissues.7 bands were found in heart and kidney, 6 bands were found in eye, and 14 bands were found in liver.6 specific bands encoded by LDH-C were detected on the cathode side of PAGE hectograph within liver. According to activity of LDH isozyme in tissues, LDH-2, LDH-3 and LDH-5 were preponderantly expressing in heart, LDH-2, LDH-7 and LDH-3 were preponderantly expressing in kidney, LDH-13, LDH-9 and LDH-12 were preponderantly expressing in liver, and LDH-5, LDH-2 and LDH-7 were preponderantly expressing in eye.[Conclusion] The study provides a scientific basis for enrichment of genetic ba-sis research, establishment of genetic breeding germplasm standard and analysis of population biochemical genetic structure .

In this experiment, a large number of Expressed Sequence Tags( EST) were obtained from transcriptome se-quences of livers in Channa argus and Channa maculatus by high-throughput sequencing technology, and Simple Sequence Repeats( SSR) Information was analysed. The result showed that, 59 959 EST with 45 mb length were obtained from Channa argus, and 15428 EST-SSR were mined out by MISA, with the frequency of 25. 73%; while 44 337 EST with 27mb length were obtained from Channa maculatus, and 8 439 EST-SSR were mined out by MISA, with the frequency of 19. 03%. In the EST-SSR of C. argus and C. maculatus, nucleotide and dinucleotide repeats were the main types, while the repeats less than 16bp in length were the main types. Mean values of reads per kilobase per million (RPKM) of EST in both interrupted and compound SSR were lower than mean values of RPKM of EST in pure SSR, and in the pure EST-SSR, the longer SSR in length, the lower mean values of RPKM.

利用RNA-Seq技术对三角鲂的肝脏进行了转录组测序,获得了大量EST序列后,利用MISA软件进行微卫星信息分析.结果表明,通过转录组测序获得三角鲂EST序列62780条,长度31.9 Mb,发现8853个SSR,出现频率为14.1％.在三角鲂EST-SSR中,重复单元以1～2碱基重复为最多,并以长度小于16 bp的短重复序列为主,间隔SSR和复合SSR的EST序列RPKM均值低于单纯型SSR的EST序列RPKM均值,且在单纯型SSR中SSR长度越长,其RPKM均值则越低.因此,对富含SSR位点的EST序列的挖掘将为开发SSR特异性标记,并应用于三角鲂生物多样性和选育提供了参考.

The acute toxicity of the four aquacultural drugs to Paramisgurnus dabryanus’fingerling [body weight (1.53 ± 0.32 g)] was tested under the hydrostatic conditions.The results showed that the LC50(24, 48 and 96 h) of copper sulfate were 1.23, 0.55 and 0.40 mg/L, respectively, and the safety concentration was 0.03 mg/L.The LC50 (24, 48 and 96 h) of PVP-I were 429.58, 396.36 and 388.47 mg/L, respectively, and the safety concentration was 101.23 mg/L.The LC50 (24, 48 and 96 h) of trichlorfon were 16.72, 7.94 and 4.80 mg/L, respectively, and the safety concentration was 0.54 mg/L.The LC50 (24, 48 and 96 h) of formaldehyde were 110.00, 96.59 and 45.45 mg/L, respectively, and the safety concentration was 22.35 mg/L.In conclusion, copper sulfate was limited to be used due to high toxicity and the safe-ty concentration was much lower than the common concentration, trichlorfon should be used cautiously in common concen-tration, PVP-I and formaldehyde could be used to control the corresponding diseases of Paramisgurnus dabryanus.

为满足标记辅助育种的要求,通过Illumina Solexa测序平台首次开展了乌鳢和斑鳢肝脏转录组测序.结果表明:乌鳢和斑鳢样本中分别得到85 802个和52 769个转录本,大小分别为113.75 Mb和44.29 Mb,组装后分别得到59 959个和44 337个Unigene,大小分别为45 Mb和27 Mb,序列平均长度为751.99 bp和608.88 bp.基因功能注释研究共获取了26 284个和24812个特异蛋白,根据特异蛋白注释结果进行GO分析,分别有20 682和21 752条Unigene有GO注释;采用GO功能分类工具可将已注释转录物序列划分为分子功能、生物途径和细胞成分3类,为下一步开展生长等性状相关基因功能验证研究以及分子标记辅助育种等提供了丰富的序列资源.

三角鲂是钱塘江流域著名的土著经济鱼类之一,具有生长快、食性广、病害少等特点,该鱼味道鲜美、营养丰富,深受人们喜爱.近年来钱塘江流域的三角鲂养殖已基本取代了团头鲂,并且在浙江省的金、衢、绍、丽等地的养殖也在不断地扩大,产业已形成一定的规模,产品也已销往外省,知名度在不断提升中.目前三角鲂的养殖方式有网箱与池塘专养、套养等.本文主要在原有相关研究和工作的基础上,针对池塘培育三角鲂的高产高效模式进行探讨.

杂交鳢“杭鳢1号”(以下简称“杂交鳢”)是乌鳢♂和斑鳢♀杂交获得的F1代,笔者单位选育的该品种2009年通过全国水产原良种委员会审定(GS-02-003-2009),该品种养殖可全程采用人工饲料投喂,更兼有生长速度快、养殖周期短、产量高、饵料系数低、病害少、效益高等优点.杂交鳢的养殖有效解决了传统乌鳢投喂冰鲜鱼模式造成的水源污染及产品质量安全问题.2012年笔者单位承担了浙江省“十二五”水产新品种选育协作攻关项目,考虑到杂交鳢F1可育,在原有基础上持续进行后代选育研究,在同一F1群体中选择性状优良的个体进行繁育、养殖和选育.

[目的]确定苯甲酸雌二醇诱导黄颡鱼性转化的条件.[方法]分别以浮游动物和微颗粒饲料作为激素载体,研究了添加不同浓度的苯甲酸雌二醇对黄颡鱼性转化诱导过程中成活率、雌性率以及体长的影响.[结果]浮游动物与微颗粒饲料作为载体进行投喂对黄颡鱼鱼苗成活率、雌性率和体长具有较明显差异,浮游动物组成活率为43.1％ ～66.5％,而微颗粒饲料组成活率为17.1％ ～52.1％;过高的激素浓度处理会导致死亡率升高,而过低的激素浓度处理会导致雌性率大大降低;不同载体和激素处理浓度对黄颡鱼鱼苗生长均具有明显的抑制作用.[结论]以浮游动物或微颗粒饲料为载体,苯甲酸雌二醇的最适浓度分别为150 μg/L和50 mg/kg.

以珠江群体斑鳢为母本,分别与钱塘江群体、微山湖群体、洞庭湖群体、鄱阳湖群体乌鳢为父本进行杂交,在繁殖性能及杂交F1生长和形态方面进行比较分析.结果表明,繁殖性能上各杂交组合间的差异主要表现在催产率方面,斑鳢与洞庭湖群体乌鳢组合催产率最高,斑鳢与微山湖群体乌鳢组合及斑鳢与鄱阳湖群体乌鳢组合催产率较低；在F1生长方面,斑鳢与微山湖群体乌鳢群体组合优势显著,而斑鳢与钱塘江群体乌鳢组合、斑鳢与洞庭湖群体乌鳢组合、斑鳢与鄱阳湖群体乌鳢组合间差异不显著.

[Objective]The research aimed to study the effects of isomaltooligosaccharide and yeast cell wall on the expression of lysozyme gene in the liver of Trionyx sinensis.[Method]A pair of degenerate primers were designed using CODEHOP program.The lysozyme gene in Trionyx sinensis was cloned by using RT-PCR.The effects of isomaltooligosaccharide and yeast cell wall on the expression quantity of lysozyme gene of Trionyx sinensis were studied by using semi-quantitive PCR.[Result]A lysozyme gene fragment with the length of 303 bp was obtained by cloning the lysozyme gene in T.sinensis and its accession number on GenBank website was HQ437284.The homology of amino acid sequences between the cloned lysozyme gene fragment and C-type lysozyme of T.sinensis with the accession number on GenBank website of Q7LZQ1.3 was 75%.The semi-quantitive analysis results showed that isomaltooligosaccharide could significantly enhanced the expression quantity of lysozyme gene in the liver of T.sinensis.But yeast cell wall had no significant effect on the expression quantity of lysozyme gene fragment in the liver of T.sinensis.[Conclusion]This study could provide theoretical basis for the scientific application of isomaltooligosaccharide and yeast cell wall in the breeding of Trionyx sinensis and the development of green additives.

通过在膨化饲料中补充添加0.1％和0.2％不同水平的有机硒,研究补充添加有机硒对杂交鳢生长及肌肉营养的影响.结果表明:补充添加有机硒对杂交鳢生长及饲料利用率无显著影响;补充添加0.2％的有机硒能够提高杂交鳢肌肉蛋白含量、降低脂肪含量并改善杂交鳢肌肉的氨基酸组成.

杂交鳢杭鳢1号和乌鳢池塘养殖水质情况对比分析结果表明,杭鳢1号养殖水体SS、COD、NH3-N含量均较乌鳢养殖水体降低,与运河本底水质较为接近;1个养殖周期内杭鳢1号相比传统乌鳢养殖换水次数减少8～10次,单位面积减少污水排放量达80%,减少总磷污染物排放达87.18%,减少总氮污染物排放达92.97%。对2个品种池塘水样的重金属检测结果发现乌鳢池塘水样铅指标较高,存在重金属超标隐患;杭鳢1号检测结果达到无公害产品产地环境标准。因此,认为杭鳢1号的养殖很好地解决了传统乌鳢养殖的面源污染问题,产生了显著的生态效益,产品质量安全得到保证。通过杭鳢1号养殖的大力推广,可提升乌鳢养殖产业,促进产业健康持续发展。