从品种选择、播种、栽培管理、病虫害防控和采收等方面阐述了唐山地区保护地春黄瓜—菜豆—冬菠菜高效种植模式栽培关键技术,对当地蔬菜生产具有一定的指导意义.

The new bean cultivar ’Bilü No.1’ was selected by the method of systematic selection from the variant strains of cultivar ’Xinlao Laishao’（the vegetable experimental field in Guye district, Tangshan）. The plants were spreading and strong growing vigor with dark green leaves, white flowers, green fresh pods, flat strips, pods length of 15-20 cm, pods width of 1.3-1.7 cm, thickness of 0.35-0.61 cm and an average of 6.8 beans per pod. The average number was 11.43 pods per hole, and the weight of single pod was 10.2-17.4 g with an average of 13.82 g. The meat was crisp and tender with less fiber and good taste. It had strong resistance to low temperature, high resistance to anthracnose and Fusarium wilt. It was suitable for cultivation in facility in early spring.

[目的]明确草莓杂交品种及其亲本遗传背景.[方法]试验筛选出10条可用于草莓杂交品种及其亲本遗传背景分析的ISSR引物,利用该组引物对12份遗传背景复杂的草莓试验材料进行遗传背景分析.[结果]亲本之间、亲本与子代之间及亲本与组培变异株之间平均遗传距离分别为0.3258、0.2607和0.1981,平均遗传相似系数分别为0.6551、0.7478和0.7672,聚类分析和多维尺度分析均表明遗传背景比较狭窄,并证明本试验中的10条ISSR引物可成为草莓遗传背景分析的有力工具.[结论]草莓遗传背景分析将为其种质创新奠定基础.

草莓,原产南美洲,多年生草本植物.其品种资源丰富,口感酸甜各异,气味香甜浓郁,深受广大消费者喜爱.草莓喜低温冷凉气候,对设施条件要求不高,且植株低矮,便于休闲采摘,市场需求量大,收益较高,已逐步成为北方地区城市周边观光农业生产的首选品种.采摘种植的品种主要包括红颜、章姬、圣诞红、小白、雪兔、白雪公主、京藏香、粉红公主等,这些品种大多风味独特、颜色诱人,但果皮较薄、果实偏软,抗病能力不足,同时冬春季节日光温室内长期低温弱光、高湿,为病害的发生提供了条件,此外,观光采摘过程中,儿童因缺乏采摘经验易对秧苗和未成熟果实造成损伤,病菌会从伤口侵入,导致灰霉病大规模发生流行.

利用草莓基因组数据鉴定出15个草莓RPW8同源基因(FaRPW8.1,FaRPW8.2-1～14),它们之间的碱基比例差异较小,但编码蛋白的相对分子量相差较大,范围为14734.20～196956.90 Da,理论等电点5.05～8.52,不稳定性指数范围39.35～53.50,脂肪族指数介于93.19～108.68之间,氨基酸组成中以亮氨酸(Leu)和赖氨酸(Lys)为主.保守结构域分析结果显示草莓RPW8同源基因含有1～4个结构域,其中RPW8为特征结构域.系统进化分析显示,FaRPW8.2-12和FaRPW8.2-13同谷子、小麦、水稻RPW8聚为一类,FaRPW8.2-3与番茄、蜜柑、橙子等RPW8基因聚为一类,其余12个草莓RPW8基因同源基因与其它物种的亲缘关系较远,单独聚为一类.研究结果可为草莓抗病育种提供理论依据.

为了充分发挥黄瓜雌性系在育种中的特殊作用,尤其是其杂交效率高、操作简单、省工省时的特性,经过多年实践,在根据气候条件安排父母本播期、父本诱雄、母本除花、田间管理、采种储藏、病虫害防治等方面,总结出一套较为完整、高效的黄瓜制种技术,为选育高产优质的黄瓜新品种、提高种子产量和品质提供了技术保障和有益经验.

为了培育出具有优良互补性状的平菇和杏鲍菇新菌株,以高产、抗杂能力强的平菇品种CCEF89和优质、适应性强的杏鲍菇品种PL7为亲本菌株,建立原生质体聚乙二醇(PEG)融合体系,得到最佳融合条件:两亲本原生质体数量按1:1混合,30％PEG 6000,0.01 mol·L-1 Ca2+,32℃水浴30 min,融合率达0.0101％ ～0.0282％.通过拮抗反应试验和Rep-PCR分子鉴定,从515个融合再生菌株中获得12个融合菌株P1～P12;出菇试验表明,P1和P5为杏鲍菇新菌株,其他为平菇新菌株.P1和P5的产量、生物学效率均显著高于其亲本菌株PL7,并且抗杂能力显著提高;与亲本菌株CCEF89相比,平菇新菌株P4、P10和P11长满培养料和形成原基的时间缩短5.5～7.3 d,第1茬平均产量提高18.0％ ～24.0％,总生物学效率提高21.00％ ～27.67％.利用原生质体融合技术培育出了具有亲本优良互补性状的平菇和杏鲍菇新菌株,为同时进行2种不同食用菌的种质资源创新和新品种选育提供了一种新途径.

平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus) “唐平26”是利用原生质体融合技术选育的优良品种.以稻草、花生秸、玉米秆为主要原料进行“唐平26”的生料栽培和熟料栽培,结果表明,无论生料栽培还是熟料栽培,花生秸的生物转化率均最高,分别为128.5％和102.1％,其次为玉米秆,生料栽培和熟料栽培的生物转化率分别为106.7％和92.3％,稻草最低,只有88.9％和78.2％.分析对木质素的降解情况,结果发现“唐平26”对花生秸的木质素降解率最高,为21.68％,其次为玉米秆,木质素降解率平均为17.55％,对稻草的木质素降解率最低,平均为15.24％.“唐平26”对花生秸的生物降解能力最强,其次为玉米秆,对稻草的生物降解能力较差.

In order to promote the product development of Pleurotus eryngii,the protoplast of strain PL7 was treated by ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS) to select the mutants with significantly increased contents of mycelial polysaccharide.The results showed that the appropriate EMS concentration and treatment time for protoplast mutagenesis were 0.20％ and 15 minutes respectively.Mutants of 22 were selected from 160 regenerating colonies by antagonistic test.After the measure of mycelial polysaccharide concentration,7 mutants exhibiting significant increase of mycelial polysaccharideconcentration were selected.After observing the growth rate of myelium,Rep-PCR analyses and mushroom cultivation,the strain D3-12 with high yield of mycelial polysaccharide was finally selected.The research provided a new pathway for germplasm innovation and novel variety selection of P.eryngii.

本研究对平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)品种‘唐平26’的20个原生质体再生菌株进行了ISSR-PCR遗传多样性分析.结果表明,10条ISSR引物共扩增出117个基因条带,其中107条为多态性条带,多态性指数达91.29％;再生菌株间遗传距离在0.043 0～0.462 4之间,菌株间遗传相似性为0.60～0.96;当遗传相似系数为0.73时,供试菌株可分为3类,第1类为再生菌株R4,第2类为再生菌株R21,第3类为亲本菌株和其他再生菌株.拮抗反应试验表明,再生菌株R4和R21与亲本菌株存在明显的拮抗反应,可能为新的基因型.研究结果表明,利用ISSR-PCR技术可检测平菇原生质体再生菌株中的遗传变异,用于平菇新品种的选育.

Effects of benzoic acid on seed germination rate,root length,root diameter,root curvature and seed viability of cucumber and pumpkin was investigated.The results showed that with the increasing of the benzoic acid concentration,seed germination rate,radicle length and seed viability declined,and Cucumis sativas decreased the most obvious,followed by cucurbita moschata,finally was cucurbita f1cifolia.The bending angle of seeds and the root diameter increased,Cucumis sativas increased the most,followed by cucurbita moschata,finally was cucurbita f1cifolia.So benzoic acid does more harmful to Cucumis sativas,then is cucurbita moschata,finally is cucurbita f1cifolia.

Trapping Hyphantriacunea by the solar insecticide lamp dropping sex pheromone at the same time in South Lake Ecological Park of Tangshan .The survey found solar insecticidal lamp had strong trapping effect on Hyphantriacunea and small effect on natural enemies .Adding sex pheromone can significantly enhance the trapping effect of solar insecticide lamp .

雌性系秋黄瓜结瓜密集,根系吸收能力差,采用"黑籽南瓜十白籽南瓜"砧木进行双砧嫁接,促使其形成庞大根系,增加根系吸收能力.采用吊落蔓器随时调整植株高度,可以避免植株早衰,增加结果时间,对提高产量具有明显效果,技术实施后在雌性系黄瓜生产中具有良好的推广应用前景,可为广大黄瓜种植户提供技术思路.

Four competitor bacteria isolates were isolated and selected from the air of seeding area around the cultivation factory of mushroom in Tangshan City, which had shown high inhibition ability to the mycelium growth of Pleurotus ostreatus.The four bacteria isolates were identified to be Staphylococcus, Bacillus brevis followed, and Pseudomonas and Bacillus subtilis.The Staphylococcus had the highest inhibition ability, then Pseudomonas and Bacillus subtilis followed, and Bacillus brevis had the lowest inhibition ability to the mycelium growth of Pleurotus ostreatus.

‘Qiufen No.1’is a F1 hybrid of Tangshan autumn cucumber bred by crossing monoecious inbred line ZY10 as female parent and ZY3 as male parent. It belonging to an infinite growth type,can bear 10.5 fruits both on main and lateral branches of one plant. Its single fruit weight is 213.4 g. The fruit is of middle-to-long shape,with big and sparse tumor-like bumps. It has short neck,and crispy flavor. The fruit has 3 ventricles, yellow flesh and small seed cavity. The commercial fruit rate is over 95%. It is tolerant to transportation and has long shelf life. Under weak light and in low temperature,its photosynthetic efficiency is high. Its resistance to cold is good. It is of early maturity and has strong fruit setting ability. Its yield at the earlier stage is high taking 40%-50%of the total yield. The propriate cultivation desity is 40 500-45 000 plants per hm2. The average yield in early spring protected field cultivation is 81.51 t.hm-2,and that in autumn open field planting is 75.99 t.hm-2. It is suitable to be cultivated in protected field in early spring,in open field in spring and autumn,and in late autumn in greenhouse.

通过对唐山市城市园林柳蓝叶甲的分布危害、形态特征、生物学特性、防治措施进行调查，掌握了其危害水平和发生规律，为有效防治柳蓝叶甲提供研究基础。

目的:分析杏鲍菇多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠的保护能力和对化疗效果的影响.方法:将小鼠随机分为6组:空白对照组(A组)、用糖对照组(B组)、肿瘤模型组(C组)、化疗组(D组)、感染用糖组(E组)和化疗用糖组(F组).其中“用糖”是指在40d的实验期间内一直腹腔注射100 mg/ (kg·d)(以体质量计,下同)杏鲍菇多糖,“感染”是指在实验第1天一次性后肢皮下注射3 mL/kg新鲜制备的含有S180肿瘤细胞的种鼠腹水;“化疗”是指小鼠接种S180细胞10d后腹腔注射5.0 mg/kg顺铂,间隔ld注射一次,共注射5次.接种20～40d时观测死亡率、体质量、白细胞数量和腹水超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)浓度.结果:杏鲍菇多糖能够显著降低S180荷瘤小鼠的死亡率,延长小鼠存活时间,增加血液内白细胞数量,增强腹水SOD和CAT的酶活性,降低MDA浓度,降低化疗对小鼠免疫能力的影响(P＜0.05).结论:杏鲍菇多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠具有极强的保护作用,并且能够降低顺铂化疗的副作用.

Taking the kidney bean seeds dried naturally and then exposed to the rain by artificial simulation as material, we studied the change rules of seed vitality and measures to minimize the loss. After being exposed to the rain, the seeds were spread out indoor and was dried by sun in outdoor after two or three days. Then we measured the seed germinability and seed emergence rate in indoor and investigated the seedling emergence rate in outdoor. The results showed that, being exposed to the artificial rain, the seed germinability and emergence rate were decreased, moreover the seedling emergence rate was reduced, with the seed germinability declined more significant. In general, it brought little loss to seed processing enterprises and farmers, as long as the seeds were dried immediately after being exposed to rain.

The isolates of 22 times subculture of Setosphaeria turcica were acquired by single conidiun seperation and culture.The growth and development of isolates were not significantly changed until 14 generations of subculture.From 14th to 22th generation of subculture,with the increase of subculturing times,the growth speed was lowered down,the conidial number and size were declining,and the pathogenicity was gradually weakened,indicating of obvious fungal degradation.However,the mycelium has a tendency to become thicker.

唐平26由唐山市农业科学研究院和唐山师范学院利用原生质体融合技术,从众多融合菌株中筛选到的一个优良菌株。通过2007-2011年的多点比较试验,该菌株菌肉肥厚、粗多糖含量高,菇形美观,口感嫩滑。唐平26出菇温度范围广,适合春季和秋冬季两季出菇,高产、高抗细菌性褐斑病,耐运输,适宜于多种原料栽培。现将其特性及栽培技术要点介绍如下:1唐平26生物学特性1.1形态特征唐平26菌盖半圆形,随着温度的升高菌盖