为了探讨在日粮中添加中草药对东兰乌鸡血液生化、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响,试验将480羽1日龄东兰乌鸡分成4组,每组设6个重复,每重复20羽.其中A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C、D组为试验组,分别在基础日 粮中添加0.25％、0.50％和1.00％的中草药添加剂.试验期49 d,于21,35,49日龄时分别从每组取6羽鸡抽取血液测定血液生化、免疫及抗氧化指标.结果表明:49日龄时,与A组相比,B、C、D组血液TG和TC水平均极显著降低(P＜0.01);B、C、D组21,35,49日龄血液BUN含量显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);21日龄时C、D组和49日龄时B、C组的ALB含量显著提高(P＜0.05),49日龄时B组的IgM和IL-2含量及C组的IL-2含量显著提高(P＜0.05);与A组相比,B、C、D组21,35,49日龄血液GSH含量显著或极显著提高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);21,35日龄时B、C组的T-SOD活性极显著提高(P＜0.01).说明在日粮中添加中草药可在一定程度上改善鸡蛋白质和脂类代谢水平,并显著提高鸡的抗氧化性能.

为探讨"连黄"中草药添加剂对东兰乌鸡生长性能及日粮养分代谢率的影响,试验将1日龄东兰乌鸡480羽分为4组,每组设6个重复,每个重复20羽.其中A组喂基础日粮为对照组;B、C、D组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.25％、0.50％和1.00％的"连黄"中草药添加剂,试期70 d;饲养试验结束时,从每组中抽取24羽体重相似的试验鸡,以饲养试验相同设计,继续饲喂原日粮进行代谢试验,测定养分代谢率.结果显示:除了50～70 d之外,B组在其他各阶段的平均日增重(ADG)分别比A组提高了5.00％～9.15％(P<0.05),70 d平均个体重也提高了4.86％(P<0.05);C组在36～49、1～49 d和1～70 d的ADG及70 d时平均个体重也分别高于A组5.90％、2.66％、2.68％和2.57％(P>0.05);36～49 d时A组的平均日采食量(ADFI)高于B组6.04％(P<0.01),分别高于C、D组5.12％和4.13％(P<0.05),且在1～49 d时A组高于C组2.86％(P<0.05),此外的各阶段4组试鸡之间均无明显差异(P>0.05);料重比(F/G):在22～35 d和1～70 d时B组低于A组6.32％和3.41％(P<0.05),在36～49 d和1～49 d时低于A组11.43％和7.31％(P<0.01);36～49 d时C组的F/G低于A组10.15％(P<0.05),且在1～49 d时低于A组5.29％(P<0.01),其他阶段两组间均无明显差异(P>0.05);养分代谢:本添加剂的3种不同添加量,对日粮的DM、CP、CF、NFE、CA、Ca、P、TE等养分的代谢率均有不同程度提高,其中尤以0.25％和0.50％添加量的提高程度显著.综上所述,日粮添加0.25％的"连黄"中草药添加剂可显著提高东兰乌鸡的生长性能及主要养分代谢率.

试验旨在探讨连藤中草药添加剂对广西三黄鸡血液生化、免疫及抗氧化能力的影响.480羽1日龄广西三黄鸡随机分4组,每组6个重复,每重复20羽.其中,A、B、C组为试验组,在基础日粮中添加0.1％、0.2％和0.4％连藤添加剂;D组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮.试验期70d.分别于试验21、35、49d从每组抽取6羽静脉采血,分离血清,测定生化、免疫及抗氧化指标.结果显示,连藤添加剂不同添加量对广西三黄鸡3个阶段的血清葡萄糖、甘油三酯、总蛋白、总胆固醇、尿素氮含量无显著影响(P＞0.05),但A、B组35 d白蛋白含量极显著高于D组(P＜0.01),B组49 d白蛋白含量显著高于D组(P＜0.05).A组49 d免疫球蛋白M含量显著低于D组(P＜0.05).A、B组49 d白细胞介素-2含量显著高于D组(P＜0.05).A、B、C 3组49 d总抗氧化能力极显著高于D组(P＜0.01),B组35 d总抗氧化能力显著高于D组(P＜0.05).A、B组49 d谷胱甘肽含量极显著高于D组和C组(P＜0.01).B、C组35 d总超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于D组(P＜0.05).日粮添加0.2％连藤中草药添加剂在一定程度上可以提高试鸡的免疫性能,显著提高鸡的抗氧化能力.

中草药添加剂对鸡的生长具有良好的促进效果.中草药添加剂不仅能增加鸡的采食量及转化率,还能增强机体抗氧化能力和免疫与抗病力,消除疾病及不利因素对鸡生长产生的影响,改善鸡生长性能;消除长期大量使用抗生素作为鸡促生长添加剂而对环境及人类健康造成的威胁.

将480羽1日龄鸿光黄鸡随机分为4组,每组设5个重复,每重复24羽,其中A组为对照组,只喂基础饲粮,B、C、D组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮中添加0.125％,0.250％和0.500％的苦玄参颗粒,试验期49 d;于21,35,49日龄时分别从每组随机抽取10羽进行心脏采血,分离血清进行生化及免疫等指标的测定.结果 显示:C组21日龄日均增重极显著高于A、B、D组(P＜0.01),35日龄时C组也明显高于A、B、D组(P＜0.05),但49日龄时4个组间无明显差异(P＞0.05);35日龄时C组的日均采食量显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05),其他阶段C组也有高于A组的趋势(P＞0.05);C组21日龄时饲料报酬极显著优于其他3组(P＜0.01);试验期间C组鸡死亡率比A组降低50％;饲粮添加苦玄参颗粒对试验鸡的生理生化及免疫指标均无明显影响(P＞0.05).然而,21日龄时C、D组的总抗氧化能力极显著高于A、B组(P＜0.01),35日龄时C组也显著高于A、B、D组(P＜0.05);C、D组的谷胱甘肽含量21日龄时显著高于A、B组(P＜0.05),35日龄时也极显著高于A、B组(P＜0.01);总超氧化物歧化酶C、D组在3个阶段中均有高于A、B组的趋势(P＞0.05).可见饲粮添加0.250％苦玄参颗粒能明显提高35日龄前鸡的生长性能,并显著增强抗氧化能力,降低死亡率;在3种不同添加量中,0.250％的添加量效果最好.

This trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Picriafel-tarrae Lour ex-tracts on serum biochemical indexes and immune function of Guangxi Partridge chickens.500 Guangxi Partridge chickens with 1 day old were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 20 chicks per replicate.Groups A,B and C were treatment groups and fed diets with 0.70%,0.35% and 0.175% Picriafel-tarrae Lour extracts,respectively,group D was a medical control group fed a diet with 0.01% colistin sulfate premix,and group E was control group fed basal diet.Serum samples were collected from 10 chicks in each group at 21,35 and 49 days old to analyze the biochemical and immune indexes.The results showed that compared with group E,the contents of GLU and TP were not significantly affected by the Picriafel-tarrae Lour extracts(P >0.05).However,in 2 1 and 3 5 days old,the TBILI content of groups A,B and C were extremelysignificantly or significantly reduced (P <0.0 1 ;P <0.05);At 3 5 days old,the activity ofserum AKP of groups A,B and C were extremely significantly higher than that of group E (P <0.0 1 ),and the activity of serum GOT of group C at 2 1 and 3 5 days old were significantly higherthan that of group E (P <0.05);At 49 days old,t he serum IgG content of groups A,B,C and IL-2of groups B and C were extremely significantly or significantly lower than those of group E (P <0.0 1 ;P <0.05 );At 49 days old,the T-AOC of group B was significantly higher than group E(P <0.05);The GSH content of groups A,B and C at 49 days old were significantly increasedthan group E (P <0.05 ).In conclusion,the dietary Picriafel-tarrae Lour extract could significantlydecreased the TBILI content,reduce the contents of IgG,IL-2 and IL-6 ,improve the activitiesof AKP and GOT,and the contents of T-AOC and GSH in some degree.The 0.3 5 % additiveamount had the better effects.

Intramuscular fat (IMF),an important flavor precursor of porcine meat,is closely related to pork quality traits such as pH,color,tenderness,water-holding capacity (WHC) and juiciness,and thus is one of the important factors affecting pork quality.Pork IMF content is not only associated with swine breed on heredity,but also influenced by the alteration of nutrients in diet.These may give a possibility for researchers to improve the IMF content and pork quality by their work on swine breed or heredity,and nutrition regulation in diet.Therefore,this article summarizes the effects of swine breed and nutrition regulation on IMF content briefly to provide some information for future researches.

本试验旨在探讨日粮中添加精氨酸、谷氨酸或大豆磷脂、维生素E和酵母硒对长（白）×大（约克）二元杂种猪屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取体重在（54．4±0．15）kg的长×大二元杂阉公猪27头，随机分3组，每组设3个重复，每个重复3头。A组为对照组，喂基础日粮；B组饲粮是在基础日粮中添加0．8％精氨酸和0．60％谷氨酸；C组是在每100 kg基础日粮中添加75 g大豆卵磷脂、20 g维生素E和8 g酵母硒。试验期60 d。试验结束后从每个重复中选取1头体重相似的试验猪进行屠宰和肉品测定。结果表明：B组的平均日增重和眼肌面积均显著高于C组（P＜0．05），比A组也有增长趋势，但在统计上没有显著差异（P＞0．05），而且B、C两试验组的平均日增重和眼肌面积与A组之间均没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；3组试验猪之间的其他屠宰性能也没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；3组间的各种氨基酸、总氨基酸和总鲜味氨基酸含量没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；然而，C组背最长肌的肌苷酸含量和肉的蒸煮损失显著优于B组（P＜0．05），也有优于A组的趋势，但在统计上没达到显著差异（P＞0．05），而且B、C两组的肌苷酸含量和肉的蒸煮损失较之于A组均没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；3组间的其他肉品性状及背最长肌的其他化学组成较A组也没有显著差异（P＞0．05）。可见，日粮中添加精氨酸和谷氨酸或是大豆磷脂、维生素E和酵母硒对长×大二元杂种猪的生长速度、屠宰性能和肉品质均没有显著影响。

The purpose of this trial was to investigate the effect of different diets on finishing and slaughter performances and meat quality traits of “L (Large Yorkshire) × L(Landrace)” crossbred pig .Results showed that :during the 2 months ,CP/ME ratio of group B was reduced ,the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of group B was significantly lower than those of group A (control group) and group C(DDGS instead of part of corn and soybean meal) ,but no difference was found in average daily gain (ADG) and gain feed ratio ;also no differences occurred in the carcass length ,back fat thickness ,longissisum muscle (LM ) area and dressing percentage;in addition ,no differences was found in the meat quality traits of shear force ,meat color , pH45 min ,pH24 h and cooking loss ,however ,the water‐holding capacity of meat from group C was significantly lower than that of group A .Although the contents of glutamic acid and cystine of group B was significantly lower than those of group A and group C ,no difference occurred in the contents of other amino acids ,the total amino acid and total flavor amino acid among the three groups .However ,the inosine monophosphate content of group C was lower than those of group A and B .Even though no difference was found in the contents of DM and CP in LM among the three groups of pigs ,the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) of group B and group C were increased by 45 .6% and 46 .58% ,respectirely .

Forty eight new Zealand rabbits at age of 35 d were randomly divided into 4 groups with 12 replicates of each,to study the effect of non-starch polysaccharide enzyme on performance and nutrient digestibility under hydrothermal condition.The control group was fed basal diet,and groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ were fed with basal diet added with 0.01 %,0.02 %,0.03 % non-starch polysaccharide enzyme,respectively.The result showed that:net gain,daily gain and feed efficiency of groupⅡ,Ⅲ were significantly higher than those of the control group and groupⅠ(P < 0.05);gross energy(GE),crude fibre(CF),neutral detergent fibre(NDF)and phosphorus digestibility of groupⅡ,Ⅲ were significantly higher than those of the control group(P < 0.05).It suggested that the optimum adding levels of non-starch polysaccharide enzyme was 0.02 %.

[Objective]The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of feeding frequency on dietary nutrient utilization and growth performance of geese.[Method]Thirty-six 21-day-old Hepu geese with similar body weight were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates.Each replicate had 6 geese (3 male and 3 female) and fed in a pen for a feeding trial for 42 days after an adaptive period of a week.The geese in control group were fed 6times daily at 8:00,10:00,12:00,14:30,17:00 and 21:00,but geese in treatment group were just fed 3 times daily at 8:00,14:30 and 21:00.All the geese were provided ad libitum access to the water and feed.The determinations of apparent digestibility of dietary nutrients,serum biochemical parameters and slaughter traits of geese were also conducted in late period of the trial.[Result]The results showed that no difference was found in average daily feed intake,average daily gain and ratio of feed/gain in early period and late period of the trial (P ＞0.05 ).The apparent digestibility of NDF and hemicelluloses in diet for treatment group was significantly better than that in diet for control group (P＜0.05).The other nutrients in treatment geese also showed a tendency of higher apparent digestibility than control diet,but no significant difference was found between the two diets through statistical analysis (P＞0.05).The serum biochemical parameters and slaughter traits of geese between the two groups had no significant difference either (P＞0.05).[Conclusion]Feeding the geese 3 times a day is feasible after geese age of 28 d in practical geese feeding industry.

试验旨在探讨后期限饲对生长肉鹅养分利用及生长性能的影响。将54羽体质量相似的21日龄合浦鹅随机分为3组,每组设3个重复,每重复6羽鹅（公母各半）,预饲1周后进行42 d的饲养试验,分前期和后期2个阶段（各21 d）;前期3组试鹅的日粮组成、供饲及饲养方式相同;后期3组日粮组成也相同,对照组自由采食,试验Ⅰ组的投料量为对照组前1 d采食量的90%;试验Ⅱ组为85%;后期同时进行消化代谢试验;试验结束时还进行血液生化指标和屠宰性能测定。结果表明:前期3组试鹅的平均日采食量、平均日增质量和料重比均无明显差异;后期试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组试鹅的实际限饲量分别为91.7%和87.5%,2组试鹅的平均日采食量明显低于对照组,试验Ⅱ组的平均日增质量和料重比也显著低于对照组,但试验Ⅰ组的平均日增质量与对照组无明显差异,而料重比明显优于对照组;试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组试鹅的日粮养分表观消化率总体优于对照组,尤其是其中的纤维性物质明显优于对照组;但3组试鹅间的屠宰性能和血液生化指标均无显著差异。由此可见,后期试鹅的供料量减少幅度低于8.3%是可行的。

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary arginine and alanine on meat quality,amino acid composition and antioxidant function in Huanjiang mini-pigs.Sixteen Huanjiang mini-pigs(male∶female=1∶1) with body weight of 28 to 33 kg were used and randomly assigned into 2 groups with 4 replicates per group and 2 pigs in each replicate,representing supplementation of 1.71% L-alanine(isonitrogenous control,alanine group) or 0.83% L-arginine+0.88% rice bran(arginine group).The experiment lasted for 45 d.The results showed that compared with the alanine group,the lean meat percentage in arginine group was increased(P0.05),while total fat percentage and crude fat content of longissimus dorsi were decreased(P0.05);the contents of serine,valine,leucine and isoleucine in liver of pigs in arginine group were increased(P0.05);arginine diet increased the plasma catalase activity(P0.05),while decreased the plasma malondialdehyde content(P0.05).These findings indicate that the dietary arginine with suitable level can improve meat quality by increasing lean meat percentage and antioxidant capacity and decreasing total fat percentage in Huanjiang mini-pigs.

通过在日粮中添加0.1％溶血大豆卵磷脂,研究其对广西三黄鸡生产性能和养分利用率的影响.试验结果表明:添加溶血大豆卵磷脂使广西三黄鸡日增质量、采食量和料肉比分别提高3.72％、9.71％和3.57％,但是这些指标差异均不显著,同时对养分利用率也没有显著提高.

[Objective]The studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of diets supplemented with Wedelia chinensis on nutrients digestion and growth performance of goose.[Method]Ninety-six 21 d Hepu geese with similar body weight were randomly selected in 4 groups and given 4 treatments of diets:concentrate + fresh elephant grass(diet 1);concentrate + fresh W.chinensis(diet 2);concentrate +10% W.chinensis powder + fresh W.chinensis(diet 3);concentrate + 22% W.chinensis powder + fresh W.chinensis(diet 4) .Each group of geese(24 geese in 1∶1 of male∶female ratio) was fed indoor in triplicate for 42 d and digestion was monitored after 7 d of adaptation to the diets.The apparent digestibility of dietary nutrients was determined and the blood physiological indices and slaughtering traits were also measured at the end of trial.[Result]The results showed lesser apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM) and energy in geese fed with diet 4 compared to those fed with diet 1,2 and 3(P0.05) .The geese fed diet 2,3 and 4 showed better apparent digestibility for fibrous materials,including acid detergent fiber(ADF) ,neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and hemi-cellulose,compared to geese fed with diet 1(P0.05) .No significant differences were observed for digestion of other nutrients among the 4 diets(P0.05) .The geese fed with diet 2 showed higher daily weight gain than those fed with diet 1,3(P0.05) and diet 4(P0.01) ,however,geese fed with diet 1 and 3 did not show significant difference amongst them(P0.05) .Also,no significant difference was observed in blood physiological indices and slaughter traits among 4 groups(P0.05) .[Conclusion]It may be concluded that W.chinensis can be used as a good feedstuff for geese when it is supplemented with diet in proper form and suitable ratio.

Arginine (Arg), as an important essential amino acid, presents many physiological and biochemical functions in young mammals. Deficiency of Arg often occurs in suckling piglets due to insufficient Arg in breast milk. Considering the antagonism and side-effects of exogenous Arg, the endogenous synthesis of Arg plays an important role in Arg balance in piglets. Therefore, the researches on Arg nutrition in suckling piglets focus on the regulation of endogenous synthesis of Arg. This article reviewed the synthesis pathway, synthetic sites and regulation of endogenous synthesis of Arg in piglets in order to facilitate the understanding of regulation technology of endogenous synthesis of Arg in piglet production.

According to the meat rabbit fed with six groups of cross-tested dietary combined of different levels of crude fiber(10.0%,12.0%,14.0%) and cellulase(0,0.01%),the effect of that on energy utilization efficiency and growth performance was studied.The results showed that:(1)meat rabbit's growth performance of different crude fiber levels and the presence of cellulase group was no significant difference(P>0.05);(2) digestibility of crude fiber and energy of 12.0% crude fiber level group were significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05),but nutrient utilization by cellulase didn't significantly increase(P>0.05).

高温高湿条件下,将56日龄且体质量为(1 634±48)g的48只新西兰肉母兔随机分为6组,每组8只兔,一笼一兔.预饲1周后,经称体质量无明显差异后进行为期56 d的饲养和消化试验.每组肉兔对应饲以含不同粗纤维水平(10％、12％和14％)和纤维素酶水平(0和0.01％)交叉组合形成的6组日粮.试验结果表明:1)粗纤维和纤维素酶对肉兔生长性能的影响无相互作用.2)不同粗纤维水平(10％、12％和14％)肉兔日增质量分别为19.41、20.07和20.57 g,差异不明显,采食量和料重比也无明显差异,但12％粗纤维组料重比分别比10％和14％组下降10.6％和7％.3)不同纤维素酶水平(0和0.01％)肉兔日增质量分别为19.53和20.49 g,差异不明显,采食量和料重比也无明显差异,0.01％纤维素酶组料重比较不添加组下降4.2％.4)综合比较,12％粗纤维水平和0.01％纤维素酶组经济效益都得到了不同程度的提高.