该文分别从种质资源品种丰富,水牛资源基础数量庞大,肉牛种业发展处于初级阶段3个方面介绍了广西肉牛种业的现状,简述了发展广西肉牛种业存在基础母牛存栏不足,水牛资源利用不充分,规模养殖场有待完善等问题,提出了整合科研技术力量,加强良种繁育体系建设,持续加大基础母牛扶持力度,引导各地建设适度规模养殖场,建立牛只遗传信息档案管理,规范牛只交易转移标准对策,以期为广西肉牛种业发展提供参考.

使用3种不同的微生物发酵方式发酵玉米秸秆、甘蔗尾叶,并对发酵后基础营养指标以及氨基酸组成进行测定与分析.结果表明:(1)不同试验组发酵玉米秸秆后粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量分别为5.46％ ～6.38％、0.92％ ～0.99％、37.30％ ～37.81％、56.58％ ～57.90％;甘蔗尾叶发酵后分别为8.05％ ～9.97％、1.32％ ～1.51％、40.16％ ～42.67％、59.19％ ～66.76％.(2)2种外源发酵菌剂对玉米秸秆、甘蔗尾叶关键营养指标如粗蛋白质、纤维等有一定的改善,其中自筛菌剂更适合于玉米秸秆以及甘蔗尾叶的发酵.(3)2种外源菌剂的发酵参与,一般情况下均可以提高发酵青绿饲料资源的TAA、EAA、NEAA总量,但对青绿饲料的EAA/TAA以及EAA/NEAA有一定的消极影响.(4)不同的微生物发酵玉米秸秆以及甘蔗尾叶其第一限制氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,而第二限制氨基酸则因为青绿饲料本身、菌种、参照模式的不同而可能是苏氨酸、赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸等.

为了研究微贮与自然发酵两种不同青贮方法对木薯杆青贮发酵品质的影响,试验以新鲜木薯杆为原料,分为微贮组与自然发酵组,每组设3个重复(每个重复3 kg新鲜木薯杆).试验分两个阶段进行,第一阶段有氧发酵,自然发酵组(木薯杆+无菌水)、微贮组(木薯杆+米曲霉XMS01菌液+无菌水)有氧发酵48 h;第二阶段无氧青贮,自然发酵组样品喷洒无菌水,微贮组喷洒植物乳杆菌XMS02菌液+植物乳杆菌XMS03菌液+无菌水,均用专用带阀薄膜发酵饲料袋打包密封.60 d后测定各组青贮常规营养成分含量、pH值、挥发性脂肪酸含量.结果 表明:微贮组粗蛋白含量显著高于自然发酵组,差异显著(P＜0.05);微贮组木质素、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维略低于自然发酵组但差异不显著(P＞0.05).微贮组纤维素酶活力显著高于自然发酵组(P＜0.05).微贮组氢氰酸含量与自然发酵组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05),两组氢氰酸含量均低于青贮前鲜样木薯杆.微贮组乳酸含量显著高于自然发酵组,与自然发酵组相比提高了20.85％(P＜0.05);丙酸、丁酸含量均低于自然发酵组,差异不显著(P＞0.05).说明添加米曲霉(XMS01)、植物乳杆菌(XMS02)、植物乳杆菌(XMS03)能提高木薯杆青贮的粗蛋白含量和酶活力,降低中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量,提高木薯杆青贮的品质.

[目的]为了有效合理地开发桑枝叶在饲料行业中的应用价值,并在生产中推广应用.[方法]试验以新鲜的桑枝叶为原料,对不同微生物组合青贮桑枝叶的发酵品质进行研究,试验分3个组,自然发酵组(对照组)、自备菌剂微贮组(试验组Ⅰ)、商品菌剂微贮组(试验组Ⅱ),每组设3个重复.30 d后测定各组青贮常规营养成分含量、pH、挥发性脂肪酸含量.[结果]结果表明,与对照组相比试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ的CP含量差异显著(P＜0.05);NDF和ADF含量均显著降低(P＜0.05);与对照组pH相比,试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ均有降低,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);试验组乳酸含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);试验组乙酸含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);试验组丙酸、丁酸含量与对照组相比差异不显著(P＞0.05);试验组中氨态氮含量均有所降低,差异不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]最终得出,添加米曲霉(XMS01)、植物乳杆菌(XMS02)、植物乳杆菌(XMS03)、枯草芽孢杆菌等可提高桑枝叶青贮CP、乳酸和丁酸的含量,显著降低NDF和ADF含量,改善桑枝叶青贮的品质.

2016年秋冬两季和2017年春夏两季分别人工采集15头娟姗牛(Jersey)和30头水牛(Bubalus arnee)的生乳,并使用子吸收光谱仪对生乳中Pb、Cd、Cr重金属元素进行检测统计.结果 表明:(1)2016年水牛生乳及娟姗牛生乳中Pb元素的含量均值分别为0.039 mg/kg、0.044 mg/kg,接近国标限值0.050 mg/kg,其他季节批次乳样Pb元素含量较低.(2)所有季节生乳样品中Cd元素含量保持较低水平.(3)2017年水牛生乳及娟姗牛生乳中Cr元素含量分别0.262 mg/kg和0.228 mg/kg,接近国标限值0.300 mg/kg,其他季节批次Cr元素含量都很低.(4)不同季节的同一品种奶畜生乳,以及相同季节不同品种奶畜的生乳在Pb、Cd、Cr元素含量上具有显著性差异.

[目的]分析南丹牛的Y染色体遗传多样性及父系起源.[方法]用PCR扩增、测序及生物信息学方法进行分析.[结果]通过对25头南丹牛的Y—SNPs和Y-STRs分析,发现南丹牛仅包含瘤牛Y3单倍型组,细分为Y3-88-156和Y3-90-156两种单倍型,单倍型频率分别为92％和8％,南丹牛的Y染色体单倍型多样度为0.1533±0.0915.[结论]南丹牛是瘤牛父系起源,其遗传基础很稳定.

使用原子荧光光度计对广西南宁兴宁区水牛和娟姗牛生乳、水源、饲料中As和Hg元素进行检测与统计分析.结果 表明:(1)两个牛场不同季节的生乳和饲料中As和Hg元素含量存在显著性差异,但均未超过国标限定值,无安全风险.(2)水牛场与娟珊牛场使用相同的水源,不同季节As含量均非常低,且含量水平非常接近,Hg元素均未被检出,对本地区牛奶生乳中As及Hg含量影响较小.(3)饲料中As及Hg元素含量与生乳中As及Hg元素含量的相关性分析表明,生乳中As元素含量与精饲料中As元素含量有一定的相关性,而Hg元素与精饲料中Hg元素含量有显著相关性(p＜0.05).精饲料的批次及产地变化可能是水牛及娟珊牛生乳As及Hg元素含量在不同季节存在的差异性的主要原因.

The nutritional value,effective energy value,aflatoxin B1,heavy metals and other basic data of 17 kinds of non-grain feed resources in guangxi region were determined.The results showed that the average contents of main nutrients of 17 kinds of non-grain feed wereas follow:dry matter89.64%,crude protein 8.24%,crude fat 2.46%,crude fiber 30.7%,neutral detergent fiber61.73%,acid detergent fiber 43.71%,crude ash 7.93%,calcium0.6%,phosphorus 0.24%.The comprehensive net energy from high to low was mulberry branch,elephant grass silage,elephant grass,sugarcane tail leaf silage,corn stalks si-lage,banana stem and leaf,dry lotus root residue,sugarcane tail leaf,corn straw,sweet potato vine,cassava residue,peanut vine, rice straw,rice bran,beer residue,cassava sticks and Momordica grosvenori dregs.The contents of heavy metals in 17 kinds of non-grain feed were all within the allowable range.Lead content was 0.688 0 mg,cadmium content was 0.231 4 mg,chromium content was 1.568 8 mg.The test results of aflatoxin B1were at 27.65~0.07 μg,which was also in the allowable range.

[目的]为从分子水平上探究涠洲牛的遗传多样性、群体遗传结构及父系起源.[方法]本研究利用PCR测序及生物信息学方法,对28头涠洲公牛的2个Y-SNPs标记(UTY-19和ZFY-10)及2个Y-STRs标记(INRA189和BM861)进行多态性检测.[结果]发现28头涠洲牛全部为Y3单倍型组,根据Y-SNPs标记的核苷酸变异及Y-STRs标记的等位基因大小确定单倍型(Y-SNP-INRA189-BM861),结果显示28头涠洲牛有Y3-88-156和Y3-90-156两种单倍型,单倍型频率分别为89.29％和10.71％,说明涠洲牛只有1个瘤牛Y3父系起源.Y染色体单倍型多样度为0.1984±0.0924,表明涠洲牛的父系遗传多样性较低.[结论]涠洲牛属于瘤牛父系起源,遗传基础十分稳定.

为了研究不同添加剂量的米曲霉培养物对玉米秸秆青贮营养成分的影响,试验将收割后的新鲜玉米秸秆(含水量19％)切至2～3 cm,随机分为4组,对照组不添加米曲霉培养物,1,2,3组分别在玉米秸秆中添加1％、2％、3％的米曲霉培养物,避光室内青贮40 d.测定水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、木质素、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量,同时对其进行感官评定.结果表明:干物质含量3组显著高于对照组和1,2组(P＜0.05);粗蛋白含量1,2,3组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),1,2,3组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);粗脂肪含量随着米曲霉培养物添加量的增加呈升高趋势,且1,2,3组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);木质素含量3组显著低于1,2组,与对照组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05),但3组含量最低;对照组上层发生少量霉变.从气味、色泽上看,3个试验组无霉变情况,青贮所得的分值相对较高,均达到一级水平.说明不同添加剂量的米曲霉培养物均能改善玉米秸秆青贮后的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量,其中以3％的添加量效果最好.

Intramuscular fat (IMF),an important flavor precursor of porcine meat,is closely related to pork quality traits such as pH,color,tenderness,water-holding capacity (WHC) and juiciness,and thus is one of the important factors affecting pork quality.Pork IMF content is not only associated with swine breed on heredity,but also influenced by the alteration of nutrients in diet.These may give a possibility for researchers to improve the IMF content and pork quality by their work on swine breed or heredity,and nutrition regulation in diet.Therefore,this article summarizes the effects of swine breed and nutrition regulation on IMF content briefly to provide some information for future researches.

试验设计为单因子3个水平，采用经产泌乳盛期娟姗奶牛24头，随机分成3组，分别饲喂3个水平的过瘤胃脂肪粉日粮：A（基础日粮）、B（日粮添加150克过瘤胃脂肪）、C（日粮添加200克过瘤胃脂肪），观测奶牛体重、日均乳量、乳脂率。结果：A组试验前后体重差异不显著（P>0.05），B组、C组试验前后差异极显著（P<0.01），试后A组与C组差异极显著（P<0.01）、B组与A组差异显著（P<0.05），C组和B组差异不显著（P>0.05））；A、B、C 3组的日泌乳量差异不显著（P>0.05），添加组乳量有上升的趋势；日粮添加过瘤胃脂肪，乳脂率均有所提高，C组与A组乳脂差异显著（P<0.05），C组与B组、A组与B组差异不显著（P>0.05）。

研究旨在探讨日粮添加富利宝和谷氨酸对大约克×长白二元杂种猪肥育与屠宰性能及肉品质的影响.选取体重约51 kg的“大×长”二元杂12头,随机分2组,每组设3个重复,每个重复2头,对照组喂常规(对照)日粮,试验组日粮是在对照日粮的基础上添加0.1％富利宝和0.6％ L-谷氨酸.试验期共62d,试验结束后,从每个重复中选取1头体重相似的试验猪进行屠宰和肉品测定.结果表明:两组试验猪的肥育性能无显著差异(P＞0.05);但试验组猪背膘厚显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),相反,对照组眼肌面积、肉色和系水力显著高于试验组(P＜0.05);试验组猪眼肌的谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、苏氨酸、脯氨酸、缬氨酸和精氨酸含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),其总氨基酸和总鲜味氨基酸含量也分别较对照组提高了5.85％(P＜0.05)和6.87％ (P＜0.05);此外,眼肌的肌内脂肪也由对照组的5.11±0.24％提高到8.86±0.52％(P＜0.05).由此可见:日粮添加富利宝和谷氨酸虽然未能提高“大×长”二元杂种猪的肥育和屠宰性能,但可显著提高肌肉总氨基酸、总鲜味氨基酸和肌内脂肪的含量,从而改善其肉质.

为研究不同添加剂量的米曲霉培养物对桂闽引象草青贮营养成分的影响，本试验共设计了4个处理组：T1组添加1％米曲霉培养物，T2组添加2％米曲霉培养物，T3组添加3％米曲霉培养物，对照组不添加。避光室内青贮40 d。试验结果表明：T3组干物质（DM ）含量高于 T1、T2和对照组，差异显著（P＜0．05）；试验中桂闽引象草青贮后与青贮前相比粗蛋白（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）含量均有所提高，T 1、T 2、T 3组比对照组分别提高：48．3％、56．6％，45．1％、29．7％，42．7％、3．5％；T1处理组木质素（ADL）、酸性和中性洗涤纤维含量低于其它三组。结论：不同添加剂量的米曲霉培养物均能改善桂闽引象草的营养价值，其中以添加1％的效果最好。

从奶山羊养殖基地抽选18头泌乳期接近、体况良好、无明显产奶量差异的成年关中奶山羊,随机分为A、B、C三组,每组6头,分别饲喂不同组成的日粮,考察其对奶山羊产奶性能的影响.A组为精料+鲜象草,B组为精料+花生秸秆+鲜象草,C组为精料+花生秸秆+玉米青贮.预饲期7d,试验期4周.试验结果:A、B、C三组羊日均产奶量分别为1.52、1.55、1.44 kg/头,差异不显著(P＞0.05),日均饲料成本分别为4.85、5.92、5.69元/头,各组羊日均利润分别为24.83、24.46、22.49元/头.经过综合比较,A组是试验组中最具经济价值的饲养方式.

为研究不同剂量木聚糖酶和葡聚糖酶对桑树青贮营养价值的影响,本试验共设计了3个试验组和1个对照组,即:T1:桑枝+ 100 mg/kg木聚糖酶+100 mg/kg葡聚糖酶;T2:桑枝+200 mg/kg木聚糖酶+200mg/kg葡聚糖酶;T3:桑枝+300mg/kg木聚糖酶+300mg/kg葡聚糖酶;对照组:桑枝.桑枝粉碎经酶处理后室内青贮40 d.结果表明:T2组与对照组相比,干物质比对照组提高了0.61％;T2组CP含量高于T1、T3和对照组,差异显著(P＜0.05),T2组比对照组提高了1.96％;T2组粗脂肪比对照组提高了6.39％;T2组木质素(ADL)比对照组降低12.19％;3个试验组酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量均低于对照组.结论:添加不同剂量木聚糖酶和葡聚糖酶均能改善桑枝的营养价值,并以T2组即桑枝+200mg/kg木聚糖酶+200mg/kg葡聚糖酶效果最好.

本试验旨在探讨日粮中添加精氨酸、谷氨酸或大豆磷脂、维生素E和酵母硒对长（白）×大（约克）二元杂种猪屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取体重在（54．4±0．15）kg的长×大二元杂阉公猪27头，随机分3组，每组设3个重复，每个重复3头。A组为对照组，喂基础日粮；B组饲粮是在基础日粮中添加0．8％精氨酸和0．60％谷氨酸；C组是在每100 kg基础日粮中添加75 g大豆卵磷脂、20 g维生素E和8 g酵母硒。试验期60 d。试验结束后从每个重复中选取1头体重相似的试验猪进行屠宰和肉品测定。结果表明：B组的平均日增重和眼肌面积均显著高于C组（P＜0．05），比A组也有增长趋势，但在统计上没有显著差异（P＞0．05），而且B、C两试验组的平均日增重和眼肌面积与A组之间均没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；3组试验猪之间的其他屠宰性能也没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；3组间的各种氨基酸、总氨基酸和总鲜味氨基酸含量没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；然而，C组背最长肌的肌苷酸含量和肉的蒸煮损失显著优于B组（P＜0．05），也有优于A组的趋势，但在统计上没达到显著差异（P＞0．05），而且B、C两组的肌苷酸含量和肉的蒸煮损失较之于A组均没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；3组间的其他肉品性状及背最长肌的其他化学组成较A组也没有显著差异（P＞0．05）。可见，日粮中添加精氨酸和谷氨酸或是大豆磷脂、维生素E和酵母硒对长×大二元杂种猪的生长速度、屠宰性能和肉品质均没有显著影响。

【Objective 】The present experiment was conducted to compare the fattening, slaughter performance,and meat quality traits between L(Large Yorkshire) ×L(Landrace) crossbred and Guike pig in order to provide references for farmer to select feeding swine breed. 【Method】The piglets with similar body weight about 55.0 kg were selected from L ×L crossbred and Guike pig as tested materials, each breed was 9 piglets. All the piglets were fed under the same daily diet and feeding conditions for two months, then three pigs in similar body weight of each breed were slaughtered to compare their fattening, slaughter performance and meat quality traits. 【Result 】The results showed that the final body weight( BW) and average daily gain( ADG) of Guike pig were 97. 67 ± 3. 06 and 0. 68 ± 0. 10 kg, re-spectively, which significantly decreased by 7.8 % and 2.5% as compared with those of L ×L crossbred(P 0.05). No significant difference in dressing percentage was found between the two kinds of pigs( P 0. 05). The carcass length,longissisum muscle( LM) area and meat percentage of L × L crossbred were 91. 66 ± 1. 15 cm, 56. 61 ± 4. 73 cm2and(68.01 ±2.63) %, respectively, which increased by 9.68 %, 89.39% and 41.42 % compared to those of Guike pig( P0.05). On the contrary, the back fat thickness and fat percentage of Guike pig were 4.02 ±0.53 cm and( 30.28 ±1. 09) %, which were 42.53 % and 52.04% higher than those of L ×L crossbred(P 0.05). There were no significant differences in main meat quality traits viz., p H, meat color, shear force and water-holding capacity, and main flavor precursor contents in LM viz., inosinic acid and flavor amino acid between the two breeds(P 0.05). The crude protein content in LM of crossbred was 10. 80 % higher than that of Guike pig( P 0. 05), while the dry matter and intramuscular fat contents of Guike pig were 56.79 % and 8.86% higher than those of the crossbred(P0.05). 【Conclusion 】Although the fattening and meat production performance of Guike pig are lower than those of L ×L crossbred,while the meat quality in flavor is better than that of L ×L crossbred.

The purpose of this trial was to investigate the effect of different diets on finishing and slaughter performances and meat quality traits of “L (Large Yorkshire) × L(Landrace)” crossbred pig .Results showed that :during the 2 months ,CP/ME ratio of group B was reduced ,the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of group B was significantly lower than those of group A (control group) and group C(DDGS instead of part of corn and soybean meal) ,but no difference was found in average daily gain (ADG) and gain feed ratio ;also no differences occurred in the carcass length ,back fat thickness ,longissisum muscle (LM ) area and dressing percentage;in addition ,no differences was found in the meat quality traits of shear force ,meat color , pH45 min ,pH24 h and cooking loss ,however ,the water‐holding capacity of meat from group C was significantly lower than that of group A .Although the contents of glutamic acid and cystine of group B was significantly lower than those of group A and group C ,no difference occurred in the contents of other amino acids ,the total amino acid and total flavor amino acid among the three groups .However ,the inosine monophosphate content of group C was lower than those of group A and B .Even though no difference was found in the contents of DM and CP in LM among the three groups of pigs ,the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) of group B and group C were increased by 45 .6% and 46 .58% ,respectirely .

本文研究了以娟姗鲜牛奶作为主要原料,配以一定比例的红枣汁,经巴氏杀菌后,冷却到43℃,接种、灌装、发酵、入库、冷藏,制成一种既营养又保健的凝固型酸奶。通过试验,最终确定产品配方为:娟姗鲜牛奶+2%红枣汁+TY393与TTX1按5∶1配比(接种量按0.005%);发酵温度为43℃,发酵时间为6 h。