本试验旨在探讨日粮中添加精氨酸、谷氨酸或大豆磷脂、维生素E和酵母硒对长（白）×大（约克）二元杂种猪屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取体重在（54．4±0．15）kg的长×大二元杂阉公猪27头，随机分3组，每组设3个重复，每个重复3头。A组为对照组，喂基础日粮；B组饲粮是在基础日粮中添加0．8％精氨酸和0．60％谷氨酸；C组是在每100 kg基础日粮中添加75 g大豆卵磷脂、20 g维生素E和8 g酵母硒。试验期60 d。试验结束后从每个重复中选取1头体重相似的试验猪进行屠宰和肉品测定。结果表明：B组的平均日增重和眼肌面积均显著高于C组（P＜0．05），比A组也有增长趋势，但在统计上没有显著差异（P＞0．05），而且B、C两试验组的平均日增重和眼肌面积与A组之间均没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；3组试验猪之间的其他屠宰性能也没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；3组间的各种氨基酸、总氨基酸和总鲜味氨基酸含量没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；然而，C组背最长肌的肌苷酸含量和肉的蒸煮损失显著优于B组（P＜0．05），也有优于A组的趋势，但在统计上没达到显著差异（P＞0．05），而且B、C两组的肌苷酸含量和肉的蒸煮损失较之于A组均没有显著差异（P＞0．05）；3组间的其他肉品性状及背最长肌的其他化学组成较A组也没有显著差异（P＞0．05）。可见，日粮中添加精氨酸和谷氨酸或是大豆磷脂、维生素E和酵母硒对长×大二元杂种猪的生长速度、屠宰性能和肉品质均没有显著影响。

【Objective 】The present experiment was conducted to compare the fattening, slaughter performance,and meat quality traits between L(Large Yorkshire) ×L(Landrace) crossbred and Guike pig in order to provide references for farmer to select feeding swine breed. 【Method】The piglets with similar body weight about 55.0 kg were selected from L ×L crossbred and Guike pig as tested materials, each breed was 9 piglets. All the piglets were fed under the same daily diet and feeding conditions for two months, then three pigs in similar body weight of each breed were slaughtered to compare their fattening, slaughter performance and meat quality traits. 【Result 】The results showed that the final body weight( BW) and average daily gain( ADG) of Guike pig were 97. 67 ± 3. 06 and 0. 68 ± 0. 10 kg, re-spectively, which significantly decreased by 7.8 % and 2.5% as compared with those of L ×L crossbred(P 0.05). No significant difference in dressing percentage was found between the two kinds of pigs( P 0. 05). The carcass length,longissisum muscle( LM) area and meat percentage of L × L crossbred were 91. 66 ± 1. 15 cm, 56. 61 ± 4. 73 cm2and(68.01 ±2.63) %, respectively, which increased by 9.68 %, 89.39% and 41.42 % compared to those of Guike pig( P0.05). On the contrary, the back fat thickness and fat percentage of Guike pig were 4.02 ±0.53 cm and( 30.28 ±1. 09) %, which were 42.53 % and 52.04% higher than those of L ×L crossbred(P 0.05). There were no significant differences in main meat quality traits viz., p H, meat color, shear force and water-holding capacity, and main flavor precursor contents in LM viz., inosinic acid and flavor amino acid between the two breeds(P 0.05). The crude protein content in LM of crossbred was 10. 80 % higher than that of Guike pig( P 0. 05), while the dry matter and intramuscular fat contents of Guike pig were 56.79 % and 8.86% higher than those of the crossbred(P0.05). 【Conclusion 】Although the fattening and meat production performance of Guike pig are lower than those of L ×L crossbred,while the meat quality in flavor is better than that of L ×L crossbred.

The purpose of this trial was to investigate the effect of different diets on finishing and slaughter performances and meat quality traits of “L (Large Yorkshire) × L(Landrace)” crossbred pig .Results showed that :during the 2 months ,CP/ME ratio of group B was reduced ,the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of group B was significantly lower than those of group A (control group) and group C(DDGS instead of part of corn and soybean meal) ,but no difference was found in average daily gain (ADG) and gain feed ratio ;also no differences occurred in the carcass length ,back fat thickness ,longissisum muscle (LM ) area and dressing percentage;in addition ,no differences was found in the meat quality traits of shear force ,meat color , pH45 min ,pH24 h and cooking loss ,however ,the water‐holding capacity of meat from group C was significantly lower than that of group A .Although the contents of glutamic acid and cystine of group B was significantly lower than those of group A and group C ,no difference occurred in the contents of other amino acids ,the total amino acid and total flavor amino acid among the three groups .However ,the inosine monophosphate content of group C was lower than those of group A and B .Even though no difference was found in the contents of DM and CP in LM among the three groups of pigs ,the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) of group B and group C were increased by 45 .6% and 46 .58% ,respectirely .

本试验旨在饲粮中添加富利宝或氨基酸复合制剂,观察其对猪的生长、屠宰性能及肉品的影响。将6头长约杂种去势小公猪分为3组。第1组喂常规饲粮作对照,试验Ⅰ组饲粮是在常规饲粮中添加0.1%的富利宝,试验Ⅱ组饲粮由常规饲粮加0.36%复合氨基酸制剂构成。饲养2个月后屠宰。结果表明:试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的平均日增重比对照组分别提高17.7%和6.73%;但三个组之间的料重比没有差异;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的屠宰率分别比对照组提高2.7%和1.72%,瘦肉率也分别比对照组提高了3.5%和7.97%;两组的肉脂比也明显高于对照组;试验Ⅰ组的肌间脂肪明显高于对照组;但试验Ⅱ组的肌间脂肪和肌苷酸含量明显低于对照组。可见添加两种添加剂均可以提高猪的平均日增重和主要屠宰性能,但不能提高肌苷酸含量,氨基酸复合制剂也不能提高肌间脂肪含量。

研究旨在探讨N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对桂黄兔生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。试验选取36只平均体质量为(970±50)g的40日龄桂黄兔,按完全随机区组设计分为3个处理(对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组),每处理3个重复,每重复4只兔。对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组试兔每千克体质量每天口服NCG 0、300和600 mg。结果表明:40~54日龄,NCG显著改善桂黄兔日增质量及日采食量(P<0.05),但对料重比无显著影响(P>0.05);NCG对54~68日龄桂黄兔生长性能影响不显著(P>0.05);40~68日龄阶段,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组日增质量较对照组提高2.30和4.98 g,料重比试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组较对照组降低0.33和1.22。碱性磷酸酶(ALP),试验Ⅰ组显著高于对照组及试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05);血清总蛋白,试验Ⅱ组高于对照组及试验Ⅰ组;血清尿素氮(BUN)含量各处理组差异不显著(P>0.05);总胆固醇(TCHO),试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组及试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);三酰甘油(TG)各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),试验组含量低于对照组。由此可知,NCG可改善桂黄兔生长性能,综合血清生化指标,40~68日龄桂黄兔每天每千克体质量适合服用600 mgNCG。

探讨N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对桂黄兔生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。试验选取36只平均体重（1 650±50）g的63日龄桂黄兔,对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组桂黄兔每天分别口服N-氨甲酰谷氨酸0、300和600mg/（kg体重）。结果表明:N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对70～98日龄桂黄兔平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比的影响均不显著;对桂黄兔血清总胆固醇及白蛋白浓度影响也均不显著,但试验组较对照组有所提高;对血清甘油三酯及血清尿素氮含量影响显著。随着N-氨甲酰谷氨酸添加水平的提高,血清总蛋白浓度提高,试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组及试验Ⅰ组;血清尿素氮浓度提高,试验组与对照组相比差异显著;血清甘油三酯浓度提高,试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组。70～98日龄桂黄兔不需额外补充N-氨甲酰谷氨酸。

[Objective]The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of feeding frequency on dietary nutrient utilization and growth performance of geese.[Method]Thirty-six 21-day-old Hepu geese with similar body weight were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates.Each replicate had 6 geese (3 male and 3 female) and fed in a pen for a feeding trial for 42 days after an adaptive period of a week.The geese in control group were fed 6times daily at 8:00,10:00,12:00,14:30,17:00 and 21:00,but geese in treatment group were just fed 3 times daily at 8:00,14:30 and 21:00.All the geese were provided ad libitum access to the water and feed.The determinations of apparent digestibility of dietary nutrients,serum biochemical parameters and slaughter traits of geese were also conducted in late period of the trial.[Result]The results showed that no difference was found in average daily feed intake,average daily gain and ratio of feed/gain in early period and late period of the trial (P ＞0.05 ).The apparent digestibility of NDF and hemicelluloses in diet for treatment group was significantly better than that in diet for control group (P＜0.05).The other nutrients in treatment geese also showed a tendency of higher apparent digestibility than control diet,but no significant difference was found between the two diets through statistical analysis (P＞0.05).The serum biochemical parameters and slaughter traits of geese between the two groups had no significant difference either (P＞0.05).[Conclusion]Feeding the geese 3 times a day is feasible after geese age of 28 d in practical geese feeding industry.

试验旨在探讨后期限饲对生长肉鹅养分利用及生长性能的影响。将54羽体质量相似的21日龄合浦鹅随机分为3组,每组设3个重复,每重复6羽鹅（公母各半）,预饲1周后进行42 d的饲养试验,分前期和后期2个阶段（各21 d）;前期3组试鹅的日粮组成、供饲及饲养方式相同;后期3组日粮组成也相同,对照组自由采食,试验Ⅰ组的投料量为对照组前1 d采食量的90%;试验Ⅱ组为85%;后期同时进行消化代谢试验;试验结束时还进行血液生化指标和屠宰性能测定。结果表明:前期3组试鹅的平均日采食量、平均日增质量和料重比均无明显差异;后期试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组试鹅的实际限饲量分别为91.7%和87.5%,2组试鹅的平均日采食量明显低于对照组,试验Ⅱ组的平均日增质量和料重比也显著低于对照组,但试验Ⅰ组的平均日增质量与对照组无明显差异,而料重比明显优于对照组;试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组试鹅的日粮养分表观消化率总体优于对照组,尤其是其中的纤维性物质明显优于对照组;但3组试鹅间的屠宰性能和血液生化指标均无显著差异。由此可见,后期试鹅的供料量减少幅度低于8.3%是可行的。

通过在日粮中添加0.1％溶血大豆卵磷脂,研究其对广西三黄鸡生产性能和养分利用率的影响.试验结果表明:添加溶血大豆卵磷脂使广西三黄鸡日增质量、采食量和料肉比分别提高3.72％、9.71％和3.57％,但是这些指标差异均不显著,同时对养分利用率也没有显著提高.

[Objective]The studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of diets supplemented with Wedelia chinensis on nutrients digestion and growth performance of goose.[Method]Ninety-six 21 d Hepu geese with similar body weight were randomly selected in 4 groups and given 4 treatments of diets:concentrate + fresh elephant grass(diet 1);concentrate + fresh W.chinensis(diet 2);concentrate +10% W.chinensis powder + fresh W.chinensis(diet 3);concentrate + 22% W.chinensis powder + fresh W.chinensis(diet 4) .Each group of geese(24 geese in 1∶1 of male∶female ratio) was fed indoor in triplicate for 42 d and digestion was monitored after 7 d of adaptation to the diets.The apparent digestibility of dietary nutrients was determined and the blood physiological indices and slaughtering traits were also measured at the end of trial.[Result]The results showed lesser apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM) and energy in geese fed with diet 4 compared to those fed with diet 1,2 and 3(P0.05) .The geese fed diet 2,3 and 4 showed better apparent digestibility for fibrous materials,including acid detergent fiber(ADF) ,neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and hemi-cellulose,compared to geese fed with diet 1(P0.05) .No significant differences were observed for digestion of other nutrients among the 4 diets(P0.05) .The geese fed with diet 2 showed higher daily weight gain than those fed with diet 1,3(P0.05) and diet 4(P0.01) ,however,geese fed with diet 1 and 3 did not show significant difference amongst them(P0.05) .Also,no significant difference was observed in blood physiological indices and slaughter traits among 4 groups(P0.05) .[Conclusion]It may be concluded that W.chinensis can be used as a good feedstuff for geese when it is supplemented with diet in proper form and suitable ratio.

According to the meat rabbit fed with six groups of cross-tested dietary combined of different levels of crude fiber(10.0%,12.0%,14.0%) and cellulase(0,0.01%),the effect of that on energy utilization efficiency and growth performance was studied.The results showed that:(1)meat rabbit's growth performance of different crude fiber levels and the presence of cellulase group was no significant difference(P>0.05);(2) digestibility of crude fiber and energy of 12.0% crude fiber level group were significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05),but nutrient utilization by cellulase didn't significantly increase(P>0.05).

高温高湿条件下,将56日龄且体质量为(1 634±48)g的48只新西兰肉母兔随机分为6组,每组8只兔,一笼一兔.预饲1周后,经称体质量无明显差异后进行为期56 d的饲养和消化试验.每组肉兔对应饲以含不同粗纤维水平(10％、12％和14％)和纤维素酶水平(0和0.01％)交叉组合形成的6组日粮.试验结果表明:1)粗纤维和纤维素酶对肉兔生长性能的影响无相互作用.2)不同粗纤维水平(10％、12％和14％)肉兔日增质量分别为19.41、20.07和20.57 g,差异不明显,采食量和料重比也无明显差异,但12％粗纤维组料重比分别比10％和14％组下降10.6％和7％.3)不同纤维素酶水平(0和0.01％)肉兔日增质量分别为19.53和20.49 g,差异不明显,采食量和料重比也无明显差异,0.01％纤维素酶组料重比较不添加组下降4.2％.4)综合比较,12％粗纤维水平和0.01％纤维素酶组经济效益都得到了不同程度的提高.

Forty-eight Hepu geese after a feeding period of 28 d after birth were randomly divided into 2 groups for a feeding trial of 42 d.The diet for two groups of geese was the same.The geese in control group(CG) were fed with ad libitum but feed for geese in treatment group(TG) was restricted within 85% of amount consumed by geese in CG at a day before.The average daily gain,feed/gain ratio,apparent digestibility of nutrients in diet,serum parameters and slaughter traits of geese were determined during the trial for measuring the effects of feed restriction on nutrient digestibility and growth performance.The result showed that feed intake of TG was 80.5% of that taken by CG.The average daily gain of geese in TG was less than that of geese in CG(P0.05),but the feed/gain ratio in TG was better than CG(P0.05).The apparent di-gestibility of crude fat(EE)(6 weeks) and dry matter(DM)(9 weeks) from diet in TG was much better than that in CG(P 0.05),but not much difference was observed for the other nutrients in diet between the two groups(P 0.05).Although the live weight of geese in CG was heavier than that of geese in TG before slaughtering(P0.05),no much difference was observed in carcass yield and eviscerated yield of geese within the two groups.Even though the contents of urea-N,uric acid,low-density lipoprotein,alkaline phosphatase,glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and glutamic-oxal(o)acetic transaminase(GOT) in serum of geese from TG appeared to be more than those from CG and other serum parameters also seemed to be lower in TG,the difference for all the serum parameters of geese between tow groups was not significant(P 0.05).Therefore,when the restriction of feed intake was 19.5%,the feed conversion rate was still better than that from control.No much difference in apparent digestibility of nutrients in diet between two groups indicated that proper restriction of feed for Hepu geese not only can improve quality of meat and carcass,but also can increase benefits from feed conversion rate and profits in the geese feeding production.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different diet forms on growth performance and nutrient utilization of Hepu geese. Seventy-two Hepu geese at age of 28 d were randomly blocked into 3 diet groups (3 replicates per group and 8 geese per replicate, half male and half female). Diet A was composed of concentrate + fresh Wedelia chinensisi diet B was mash feed composed of concentrate + Wedelia chinensis powder; diet C was pelletized feed composed of concentrate + Wedelia chinensis powder. The weight ratio of concentrate and Wedelia chinensis in diet A was 1 : 2 (air-dry : fresh) in the first period (28～48 d) and 1 : 3 in the second period (49～69 d). The amount of Wedelia chinensis powder used in diets B and C was equal to the air-dry matter content of fresh Wedelia chinensis in diet A. The method of 4 mol/L HC1 AIA was used for the determination of nutrient digestibility in geese. The experiment lasted for 42 d. Results showed that the average daily concentrate intake (ADCI) was increased in the first period but no difference was found in whole period (P> 0. 05). The ADCI of geese in 3 diets in whole period was 208. 38, 207. 22 and 205. 73 g, respectively; average daily gain (ADG) was 56. 07, 62. 42 and 63. 44 g, respectively; F/G was 4. 28, 3. 32 and 3. 24, respectively. No significant difference was found on ADCI among 3 diets (P>0. 05), however, the ADG and F/G in diets B and C were significantly better than those in diet A (P<0. 05), but no significant difference occurred between diets B and C (P>0. 05). The digestibility of energy, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and hemicellulose in diets B and C were significantly better than those indiet A (P<0. 05) just except that dry matter, crude protein and P in first period and crude protein, Ca and P in second period, which were not different among 3 diets (P>0. 05); diets B and C also had better dressing percentage and percentage of abdominal fat than diet A (P<0. 05). Therefore, the feeding efficiency of diets B and C was much better than that of diet A, so the better way to use Wedelia chinensis for geese feeding should be to dry fresh Wedelia chinensis and make it into powder.

探讨用蟛蜞菊作为日粮的主要成分对鹅生长性能和养分利用率的影响。将96羽21日龄体质量相似的合浦鹅随机分为4组,每组设3个重复,每重复8羽（4公4母）鹅;分别饲喂4种不同日粮,日粮1组和日粮2组的基础精料相同,但前者青料用象草,后者用蟛蜞菊;日粮3组和日粮4组在基础精料中分别加入10%和22%的蟛蜞菊草粉,青料同用鲜蟛蜞菊。试验鹅全舍饲,预试7d后于28日龄开始进行42d的饲养试验,期间进行代谢试验;用4NHClAIA内源指示剂法测定日粮养分的消化代谢率,在试验结束时,测定试验鹅血液生化指标和屠宰性能。结果表明:日粮4组试验鹅的干物质和能量表观消化率显著低于日粮1、2和3组;但日粮2、3和4组的纤维物质（酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维和半纤维素）消化率显著高于日粮1组;其他养分消化率4组日粮间没有太大差异（P＞0.05）;日粮2组试验鹅的日增质量显著高于日粮1组、3组及日粮4组（P＜0.01）;但日粮1和3组间没有差异（P＞0.05）;4组试验鹅间的血液生化指标和屠宰性能也没有显著差异。由此可见,只要利用的形式和比例恰当,蟛蜞菊完全能作为养鹅的良好饲料。

<正>在反刍动物日粮中,粗饲料通常占40%～70%,甚至更高,即使在规模化饲养条件下,粗饲料依然是重要的饲料来源(张吉鹤,2003)。为了科学地评定粗饲料品质,卢德勋教授(2001)在继承饲料相对

试验的目的是探索用广西盛产的稻谷、木薯及亚热带牧草尤其是蟛蜞菊进行不同配比,考察各组日粮对鹅生产性能和养分利用的影响.27日龄合浦狮头鹅共96只被随机分为A、B、C、D 4个处理组:对照组(玉米饲粮+象草组)、试验Ⅰ组(稻谷替代对照组玉米饲粮+蟛蜞菊组)、试验Ⅱ组(木薯替代对照组玉米饲粮+蟛蜞菊组)、试验Ⅲ组(木薯、稻谷各替代对照组50%的玉米饲粮+蟛蜞菊组),每组3个重复,每个重复8只鹅(公母各半),进行为期44 d的饲养试验.结果表明:各组平均日增重分别为67.75、53.00、55.78和64.88 g,对照组、试验Ⅲ组与试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组间差异显著(P<0.05);在生长中期,对照组主要营养成分干物质、蛋白质、能量、粗脂肪的利用率明显比其它各组高(P<0.05);对照组、试验Ⅲ组的半净膛率、全净膛率、腹脂率与试验Ⅰ组间差异显著(P<0.05).

探索用稻谷替代日粮中玉米作为鹅的能量来源对鹅生产性能和养分利用的影响.选择96只28日龄合浦狮头鹅,随机分为4个处理组,对照组(玉米组)、试验1组(稻谷替代对照组35%的玉米)、试验2组(稻谷替代对照组55%的玉米)、试验3组(稻谷替代对照组75%的玉米),每组3个重复,每重复8只鹅(公母各半),试验期42 d.结果表明,各组平均日增质量分别为53.15、49.66、48.28和49.08 g,随着稻谷替代量的增加,增质量有下降趋势,但组间差异不显著;鹅对干物质、粗蛋白、能量及磷等养分的利用率显著下降;各试验组鹅的胴体肉用性能除了腹脂率明显下降外,其他指标无明显差异;稻谷对血清参数无显著影响;用稻谷代替玉米饲喂鹅使经济效益有不同程度的下降.

本试验目的是探索在日粮中添加不同载铜层状蒙脱石硅酸盐制剂对肉鸭生产性能的影响。试验选用10日龄肉鸭210只,随机接受七种处理饲粮,试验期36d。试验结果表明,在广西本地玉米和圆筒仓壁结块玉米组成的日粮添加载铜层状蒙脱石硅酸盐2#制剂和3#制剂均可有效改善肉鸭的生长性能(P<0.05)。因此,生产上若用以上两种玉米构成日粮时,在其中适当添加载铜层状蒙脱石硅酸盐制剂应是有效的。

目前水牛占世界养牛总数12.31%,约为16 236.20万头.我国现有水牛2 181.8万头,占全世界水牛总数13.44%,居世界第二位.