混合式教学是适应教育信息化发展需要的一种新型教学法,是在线教学与传统教学优势结合起来的一种"线上+线下"深度融合的教学法.该教学法是以学生为主体,教师为主导,可以提高学生的参与意识,提升学生的自主学习能力[1],也存在过于偏重形式上的混合学习、线上学习时间过长、学生主体作用没有得到很好的体现、个别学生课堂参与度不高、平台资源不够多元化、平台资源更新不及时、评价体系有待完善等缺点[2-4].

目的 评估饮用富氢水对化疗药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)诱导口腔粘膜溃疡的缓解效果和可能的生物学作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠连续2日腹腔注射5-FU(0.05 mg/g),第3日应用NaOH颗粒或20％乙酸接触颊部粘膜建立口腔溃疡模型,第5日给予实验大鼠饮用富氢水,于第10日处死动物取材.统计实验组大鼠存活率,观察口腔粘膜损伤情况,并使用Image J软件测量溃疡面积,ELISA法检测大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的水平,免疫组织化学法检测颊粘膜中TNF-α、IL-6和iNOS的表达.结果 饮用富氢水可提高实验组大鼠存活率;NaOH颗粒制造的溃疡,损伤面积大于注射20％乙酸造成的溃疡损伤,但饮用富氢水对溃疡损伤面积的影响差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).模型组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的含量均高于对照组,富氢水组较模型组有下降趋势但仅20％乙酸模型组IL-1β与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,余差异均无统计学意义.颊粘膜中TNF-α和IL-6在健康对照组中的表达较弱,在模型组中的阳性着色见于颊粘膜上皮细胞和炎性间质中;富氢水组的阳性着色较模型组减弱;iNOS在实验组颊粘膜中的阳性表达较少.结论 氢分子可能通过抑制氧化应激相关炎症反应,减轻5-FU诱导的大鼠口腔粘膜溃疡.

目的 探究载抗结核药物人工骨在兔椎体结核模型中的应用.方法 选用60只新西兰大白兔,颈背根部皮下注射0.1 mL的弗兰氏佐剂致敏建立兔椎体结核模型,最终取造模成功的新西兰大白兔57只,采用随机数字表法分为A、B、C 3组,各19只.A组缺损区填入载异烟肼(INH)、利福平(RFP)纳米羟基磷灰石(nHA)-硫酸钙(CSH)-壳聚糖(CTS)人工骨;B组缺损区填入不载药人工骨;C组缺损区不作处理.比较置入药物24 h、72 h、1周、2周、4周、6周、8周、10周和12周时椎体和椎旁肌中INH和RFP浓度,比较置入药物24 h和72 h后3组的lane-sandhu评分和不同时刻各组的成骨影像图.结果 病灶椎体及椎旁肌中INH释放平缓,无突释,药物置入后第8周浓度最低,不同时刻椎体内INH浓度均高于椎旁肌,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).病灶椎体及椎旁肌中RFP释放处在突释现象,药物置入后第1周浓度最大,第8周椎旁肌内浓度最低,第12周椎体内浓度最低.药物置入后24 h和8w椎体内浓度高于椎旁肌,置入后1周、2周时药物浓度低于椎旁肌,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).A组和B组置入药物24 h和72 h后的lane-sandhu评分均高于C组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);但A组和B组各时刻的lane-sandhu评分比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后4周可见A组与B组植骨界面模糊,形成一定量不规则骨痂,C组骨痂较少,透明区明亮;术后8周可见A组与B组植骨面存在大量骨痂,形成椎间骨桥,骨缺损线模糊,C组植骨界面模糊,椎间骨桥形成差,骨缺损线扩大,原有外骨痂消失,透亮区明显.结论 载INH、RFP nHA-CSH-CTS人工骨可持续、缓慢且长效的释放抗结核药物,促进骨再生,不会对成骨能力产生影响.

目的:固定义齿工艺学实验课需要每名学生至少拥有一副具有统一标准的石膏模型,石膏模型上要包含制作不同种类固定修复体所需要的预备后的基牙.目前市场上面没有能够满足口腔医学技术学生在《固定义齿工艺学》实验课所需的硅橡胶印模模具.本实验从此方面入手,进行硅橡胶印模模具设计与制作的研究,让学生在实验教学中有标准统一的、制作固定修复体所需的石膏模型可用.方法:用复模硅橡胶材料作为模具的制作材料,通过专用的金属围栏与底板,真空搅拌后灌入提前制备好的模型周围,最终制作出能够满足固定义齿工艺技术实验课使用,能灌注出统一标准石膏模型的硅橡胶模具.结论:复模硅橡胶制作出的硅橡胶印模模具在学生使用过程中,不论从弹性上还是复模的准确性上,都符合实验课的使用要求,节省了学生的宝贵课堂时间,取得了显著的教学效果.

目的 探讨氟化钠与氢化镁对大鼠牙菌斑的干预作用和可能的机理.方法 用60％高糖水饲喂法构建大鼠牙菌斑模型,将24只雄性成年Wistar大鼠随机分为4组(每组6只):对照组、MgH 2组、NaF组、NaF+MgH 2组,进行体内牙菌斑染色试验和体外牙菌斑的药敏试验,分别检测菌斑指数和抑菌圈直径.结果 菌斑染色结果显示,实验组菌斑指数明显低于对照组(P<0.05),且NaF+MgH 2组菌斑指数显著低于MgH 2组和NaF组(P<0.05).药敏试验结果表明,NaF+MgH 2组抑菌圈直径明显大于MgH 2组和NaF组(P<0.05).结论 氢化镁与氟化钠联合应用具有协同抗牙菌斑作用,比单一使用氟化钠或氢化镁效果更佳.

目的 研究Wistar大鼠口腔常在菌的种类、形态,与人类口腔常在菌种比较,探讨Wistar大鼠和人类有关菌群的差异和相似性,寻找适合人类口腔微生物和疾病研究的模型动物.方法 用60％高糖水饲喂法构建大鼠菌斑模型,提取菌斑在丰富营养培养基划线培养,革兰氏染色观察形态并进行16S rRNA基因扩增和测序.结果 经分离培养和鉴定共筛选出粪肠球菌、发酵乳杆菌、唾液链球菌3种细菌.结论 大鼠口腔微生物种类与人类相似,是较好的人类口腔微生物和疾病研究的模型动物.

Dehydration is one of the intrauterine abnormalities that could lead to fetal growth retardation and to increase the risk of a variety of adult diseases later in life. This study were to determine the impact of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) supplementation on placental angiotensin II type 1 receptor and placental oxidative stress induced by water restriction. Pregnant Wistar rat were randomly assigned to one of the three groups (n =12 per group). In control group, pure water and food were supplied ad libitum. Water restriction group and HRW group were respectively given pure water and HRW with free access to food, excepting only one hour was available for drinking from day 7 to day 17 of pregnancy. The placental damages and biomarkers of stress were detected by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and western blot, as well as serological test were performed. We demonstrated that maternal water restriction resulted in reduced urine volume and increased serum osmotic pressure, along with decreased fetus weight and crown-rump length. Although placental weight and the number of fetuses had no significant difference among groups, the placental efficiency significantly increased after the oral administration of HRW to the mothers. Meanwhile, the serological derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites decreased, a significant improvement of placental microstructure with more developed junctional zone and denser labyrinth was manifested, the upregulated expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor, nuclear factoκB, malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and down-regulation of superoxide dismutase were revealed in the placenta. Collectively, HRW administration is able to effectively attenuate placental stress induced by water restriction.

社会需求是高等学校人才培养的导向标,而课程设置能够折射人才培养的目标和途径.本文尝试从社会需求的维度出发,综合分析、借鉴国外口腔医学课程设置特色,以期为优化口腔医学课程体系提供新的思路,培养适应社会发展需要的高素质口腔医学人才.

Objective This study explored the clinical effect of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) under Mast Quadrant systemin the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods 60 patients with single segment lumbar spinal stenosis treated in our hospital from Jan 2017 to Oct 2017 were randomly divided into observation group(n=31) and control group(n=29) by random number table. The observation group was treated with TLIF under Mast Quadrant system,and the control group was treated with traditional open TLIF,the clinical efficacy of the two groups were observed,the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA)spinal function,Oswestry disability index (ODI) and pain visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate lumbar function,quality of life and pain degree. Results The clinical efficacy of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜0.05),and the excellent and good rate of clinical effect in the observation group was 64.52%;The operative time,intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization days in the observation group were(102.15 ± 20.43)min,(30.15 ± 8.22) ml and(9.03 ± 1.25)d,which were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05);The score of JOA in the observation group in 3 months and 6 months after operation were (25.48 ± 1.32) and (27.84 ± 1.16),which were significantly higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);3 and 6 months after operation,the ODI score and VAS score in the observation group were(26.54 ± 1.50) scores and(22.01 ± 1.54) scores,(1.58 ± 0.46) scores and (0.56 ± 0.23) scores,which were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The effect of TLIF under Mast Quadrant system in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis has good clinical effect,thus has the advantages such as small trauma, safe and quick recovery etc.

Requirements for an ideal scaffold include biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength and sufficient porosity and pore dimensions. Beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) has competent biocompatibility and biodegradability, but has low mechanical strength because of its porous structure. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer with elastic characteristics and good biocompatibility. In this study, β-TCP/PCL composites were prepared in different ratio and their morphology, phase content, mechanical properties, biodegradation and biocompatibility were investigated. After coating, surfaces of β-TCP scaffolds were covered with the PCL while some of the pores were partially clogged. The compression and bending strength of β-TCP scaffolds were significantly enhanced by PCL coating. The degradation rate of the scaffold in Tris buffer was reduced with higher content of the PCL coating. MTT and ALP assays showed that the osteoblast cells could proliferate and differentiate on PCL coated scaffolds as well as on bare β-TCP scaffolds. Based on the comprehensive analysis achieved in this study, it is concluded that the β-TCP/PCL composite scaffold fabricated with 40% β-TCP and 5% PCL exhibits optimum properties suitable for dental applications.

乳牙牙髓干细胞（stem cell from human exfolia-ted deciduous teeth，SHED）是由施松涛教授于2003年首次在脱落的乳牙中发现，后经 Miura 等人［1］证实，SHED 具有较强增殖和多向分化潜能。迄今为止在口腔中已分离出五种牙源性干细胞：脱落乳牙牙髓干细胞（SHED），恒牙牙髓干细胞（dental pulp stem cell，DPSC），牙囊干细胞（ dental follicle stem cell，DFSC），牙周膜干细胞（periodontal ligament stem cell，PDLSC）。而 SHED 易于操作，不存在免疫和排斥反应，在组织工程学中作为种子细胞越来越受关注。本文就乳牙牙髓干细胞的最新研究进展、临床前应用、未来前景等做一综述。

口腔医学是一门高度实践性的学科,创新精神和实践能力的培养是口腔医学教育的核心和精髓.本研究以创新教育理念为指导,结合口腔基础课程特点,探索构建以学生为本,以创新精神和创新能力培养为核心的口腔基础医学课程体系,在口腔基础课程学习阶段开展学科渗透性新教学实践,以期提高教学效果,培养实用型高级口腔人才.

目的 分析山东地区口腔医学技术本科学生专业认同情况,为口腔医学技术专业发展规划提供有效依据.方法 对泰山医学院2013级、2014级、2015级口腔医学技术本科学生就口腔医学技术专业认同问题进行问卷调查,采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行数据分析.结果 高认同组18例(P<0.05)、低认同组4例(P<0.05)和中间组;与高认同组相比,中间组及低认同组更易受外界因素影响且自觉专业匹配度较低(P<0.05);与低认同组相比,高认同组及中间组认为学校的专业投入较理想(P<0.05).结论 专业认同感较低者易受外界环境负面因素影响;专业认同感较高者的专业匹配性较好,大部分具有自主选择专业,对自身与专业适应度具有较高评价等特征;对专业投入较大可以提高学生的专业认同感.

通过构建口腔专业技能竞赛教学平台,实施"以赛促教、以赛促学、以赛促改"的新型教学模式,强化了口腔专业学生的基础知识和基本技能的培养,促进了理论与实践相结合,提高了学生的操作能力、创新能力和综合素质,同时提高了教师的教学能力.

目的：观察CT引导下经皮微创技术治疗活动期脊柱结核疗效及对患者生活质量的影响。方法将62例脊柱结核患者随机分为2组，在全身抗结核治疗的基础上对照组29例患者进行开放手术治疗，治疗组33例进行CT引导下经皮微创技术。比较2组临床疗效及术后并发症、手术时间、出血量等情况，并采用SF-36量表及JOA评分比较2组患者的生活质量。结果与对照组比较，治疗组手术时间及住院时间短、手术出血量少、并发症发病率低、椎体骨性融合速度快，及全身化疗时间短、治愈率高、复发率低（ P ＜0．05）。2组治疗后JOA评分较治疗前明显提高，且治疗组高于对照组（ P ＜0．05）。 SF-36生活量表治疗评分显示，治疗组治疗后该量表各项功能评分均较治疗前提高，且高于对照组治疗后，差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论 CT引导下经皮微创技术治疗活动期脊柱结核具有创伤小，疗效好的优势，对患者生活质量改善明显。

Objective:To study the gender characteristics and changes with aging of the length of upper lips and the width of angulus oris in Shandong to provide effective basis for treating and prognosis of prosthodontics and orthodontics. Methods:852 subjects with normal occlusion from Shandong were selected randomly. They were divided into 3 groups ac-cording to ages(18 ~ 36 years old,37 ~ 55 years old,56 ~ 74 years old)and the number of male and female in each group was 142 . These subjects,face were recorded and the images were measured in order to analysis among the groups. Results:The length of upper lips and the width of angulous oris were significantly different among the groups(P < 0. 01);the width of angulous oris was significantly different between the male and female in the same group(P < 0. 01);the length of upper lips was statistically different between the male and the female among the groups(P < 0. 05);there is positively correlated between age and all measurement items and the average value was increased with age. Conclusion:The relationship be-tween all measurement items and age is positively correlated,the length of upper lips and the width of angulous oris in-creased with age and there were gender differences at the same age.

本文从关注学生学习效能的视角出发,在充分考虑医学专升本学生的能力、需求和学生构成的基础上,改革传统教学模式,将课程学习过程分为基础学习(课堂学习的前2/3时间)、提升学习(课堂学习的后1/3时间)和拓展学习(课外学习时间)三个阶段,各教学阶段环环相扣、相互促进,使学生学习效能显著提升,有利于实现因材施教和促进个性化学习.

In this work, we examined the ovarian development and its relationship with steroid hormone receptors levels and the precocious puberty in JiNing Gray goats by using optical microscopy, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting. We found that in the ovaries of neonatal kids, high level of receptors for estrogen (ERα and ERβ) and progesterone (PR) and their mRNA were observed along with growing follicles. From 0 to 30 days of age, the weight and volume of ovaries increased significantly and the boundary between the inner and outer cortex disappeared, while the expression of ERα, ERβ and PR and their mRNA decreased sharply. When 60 days old, the animals began to ovulate; the expression of ERα, ERβ and PR and their mRNA significantly increased, and the animals reached puberty. On day 90, the animals manifested sexual maturity with biggest mature follicles 6.18mm in diameter, the expression of ERβ and PR protein and their mRNA was maintained at a high level, with decreased expression of ERα and its mRNA. Before puberty, the expression of ovarian ERα (prepubertal dominant receptor) and it's mRNA was significantly higher than that of ERβ (dominant receptor after sexual maturity). The results showed that JiNing Grey goats' ovaries had fast development and early maturation, and ERα, ERβ and PR protein and mRNA expression in the ovary had distinct specificity for time and space, which may be closely related to the strain's progenitive characteristics.