目的 解析口腔鳞状细胞癌中CDK6、E2F-1表达与临床病理参数之间的关系,探讨其临床意义.方法 应用免疫组化法检测60例口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中CDK6、E2F-1的表达情况,用χ2 检验分析二者与口腔鳞癌患者临床资料的关联,用Spearman秩相关分析二者表达的相关性.结果 (1)CDK6在高分化组和中低分化组阳性表达率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在临床分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期组的阳性表达率显著高于Ⅰ+Ⅱ期组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);淋巴结转移阳性组的表达率显著高于淋巴结转移阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).E2F-1的阳性表达在高分化组、中低分化组、临床分期Ⅰ+Ⅱ期组、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期组、淋巴结转移阳性组和阴性组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)通过Spearman秩相关分析得出CDK6与E2F-1在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达无显著相关性(rs =0.014,P＞0.05).结论 口腔鳞状细胞癌中CDK6的表达与淋巴结转移及临床分期有关,提示其参与口腔鳞癌的进展,为早期判定淋巴结转移情况及基因靶向治疗的进一步研究提供了新的思路.E2F-1的表达与口腔癌的临床病理参数无显著关联.文献报道中CDK6与E2F-1在RB细胞通路上下游均发挥重要作用,但是在本研究中并未发现二者的显著相关性.

颧眶复合体位于面中部外侧,与多块颅颌面骨相连,这些连接处多为不规则骨缝且较薄弱,受到外力冲击,易发生骨折[1].由于颧眶解剖结构的不规则性及复杂性,近年来关于此区域骨折分型的研究也较多,并且在骨折后要最大限度地恢复面形及功能是公认的较为棘手的临床问题,同时术后并发症的控制对手术成功的影响也同样重要.传统的手术对颧眶骨折复位主要取决于术者的临床经验,其对位的精确性以及术后的功能恢复都存在很大的不确定性,尤其是恢复理想的外形极为困难,而随着数字化医学的发展及3D打印技术的临床应用[2,3],对于手术精准度提高、手术时长的缩减以及并发症的减少都有着较为明显的辅助功能.本文将对颧眶复合骨折的分型、临床治疗方案等研究作一综述.

外泌体是由各种细胞分泌的直径为30～150 nm小囊泡,通过运输关键的蛋白质和遗传物质(如miRNA,mR-NA和DNA)在细胞通讯和表观遗传调控中发挥重要作用.长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一种长度超过200 个核苷酸的不编码蛋白质的RNA转录物,目前研究发现lncRNA是外泌体中包含的重要核酸分子,通过外泌体介导在肿瘤发生发展和调节肿瘤生物学功能中发挥重要作用.本文将对近年来外泌体lncRNA在鳞癌(Squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)的发生发展、早期诊断、治疗与预后等方面的作用及其应用前景进行综述,以期为后续研究提供参考.

脂肪干细胞(adipose tissue-derived stem cells,ADSCs)是间充质干细胞(marrow mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)的一个子集,可以从脂肪组织中轻松获得,并具有许多与其他MSCs相同的再生特性,ADSCs在不同诱导条件下可以向成脂细胞、成软骨细胞、成骨细胞、成神经元细胞、成血管内皮细胞等方面分化,因此自体ADSCs在再生医学和因损伤和疾病而受损的器官中具有良好的应用前景.本文就ADSCs向多种细胞分化过程中所涉及的关键信号通路及细胞因子等作一综述,以期为今后相关研究提供参考.

14-3-3蛋白普遍存在于真核细胞中,是高度保守的酸性蛋白家族,作为一种衔接蛋白参与细胞的多种调节过程,如细胞周期、代谢、细胞凋亡、疾病发生等.近年来研究发现14-3-3蛋白与多种肿瘤的发生发展相关联,可作为疾病早期诊断和治疗的新靶点.本文简述14-3-3蛋白家族在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达情况与作用.

目的 检测干细胞标记物P75NTR、SOX2在成釉细胞瘤(ameloblastoma,AM)中的表达情况,探讨AM中是否存在肿瘤干细胞及肿瘤干细胞与其生物学行为的相关关系.方法 选择28例不同分型的AM病例为研究对象;另取5例含牙囊肿、5例牙源性角化囊肿作对照.用免疫组化染色技术检测P75NTR、SOX2的表达情况,用非参数秩和检验检测P75NTR和SOX2在实性型AM和单囊型AM中的表达差异、AM与含牙囊肿及牙源性角化囊肿之间的表达差异.结果 P75NTR在实性型AM表达强度明显高于单囊型AM;在AM的表达强度明显高于含牙囊肿及牙源性角化囊肿,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);SOX2在实性型与单囊型AM、AM与含牙囊肿之间的表达无明显差异(P>0.05),AM与牙源性角化囊肿之间表达有差异(P<0.05).结论 在AM中有干细胞标志物P75NTR的表达,可能与细胞增殖及干细胞特性相关,并参与肿瘤侵袭性.SOX2在AM中表达较少,其在AM中的作用有待于进一步探讨.

目的 探讨原发性舍格伦综合征(pSS)患者唇腺及外周血B淋巴细胞中骨髓基质细胞抗原2(BST-2)的表达情况及其在pSS中的作用.方法 将2017年9月至2018年3月在内蒙古自治区人民医院接受治疗的40例pSS患者作为pSS组;将同期体检的30例健康者作为对照组.采用实时荧光定量PCR检测纳入研究者的唇腺组织及外周血B淋巴细胞中BS T-2的表达水平.免疫组织化学法检测唇腺组织内BS T-2的表达情况,并分析BST-2对淋巴细胞增殖的影响.结果 pSS组的外周血B淋巴细胞和唇腺组织中BST-2的表达水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);pSS患者唇腺组织中浸润的局灶性淋巴细胞和少数周围导管上皮内BST-2表达量较高,而在对照组中仅在导管上皮细胞内存在散在性少量表达.连续切片的pSS患者唇腺组织染色显示,pSS患者的唇腺组织内CD19染色阳性细胞和BST-2阳性细胞基本一致.结论 pSS患者唇腺组织和外周血B淋巴细胞BST-2水平明显增高;BST-2通过对腺体内B淋巴细胞的浸润及增殖,参与pSS的发病及进展.

目的:解析口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)中TGF-β信号通路的重要作用蛋白质TGF-β、Smad 2、3、7与浸润模式以及临床病理参数之间的关联.方法:采用浸润模式(Y-K分类)对45例口腔鳞状细胞癌进行分类,同时采用免疫组织化学方法检测45例OSCC中TGF-β、Smad 2、Smad 3、Smad 7的表达情况,用χ2检验分析浸润模式(Y-K分类)TGF-β、Smad 2、Smad 3、Smad 7表达以及与临床病理参数之间的相关关系.结果:(1)浸润模式Y-K 3+4组的淋巴结转移率明显高于Y-K 1+2组,浸润模式与临床分期有正相关关系,与其他临床病理参数无显著相关性;(2)TGF-β表达与浸润模式、淋巴结转移、分化度及临床分期呈正相关关系;Smad 2表达与浸润模式、淋巴结转移、临床分期呈正相关关系;Smad 3表达与淋巴结转移、分化度及临床分期呈正相关关系;Smad 7表达与各临床病理参数间未见明显相关关系.结论:(1)采用浸润模式判断OSCC淋巴结转移,具有临床应用价值;(2)口腔鳞状细胞癌中浸润模式结合TGF-β和Smad 2表达,对淋巴结转移的判断更有临床意义.

Objective:To discuss the clinical characteristics of osteochondroma of the maxillofacial and its treatment. Methods:From 2012 to 2017,10 patients with osteochondroma of the maxillofacial were treated at Stomatology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University and retrospective analysis was performed.Results:These patients’ ages were 23～62 years,with an av-erage age of 39.3years.There were 4 females and 6 males.And there were 7 cases of condylar,2 of man-dibular angle,1 cases of infraorbital margin. All the 10 patients underwent surgical treatment. The pa-tients were followed up for 6～24months after operation,and all the patients had satisfied results.Con-clusion:Osteochondroma of the maxillofacial is a rare condition,and its etiology is not yet fully defined. Clinically,CT3D imaging can determine the location and size of the tumor and guide the design of the operation.The operation is the only effective method for the treatment of maxillofacial osteochondroma.

Objective To analyze the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin in ameloblastomas and odontogenic cysts by double-im-munohistochemistry to clarify whether ameloblastomas show epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT). Methods 37 ameloblastoma cases and 5 odontogenic cysts cases were submitted to the double-immunohistochemical detection of E-cadherin and vimentin. Immuno-reactivity was evaluated using description and quantitative analysis, investigating the location and intensity of staining. The one-way ANOVA analysis was performed.Results Most of the cases showed immunoreactivity for vimentin in tumoral epithelial islands.There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of EMT immunoreactivity between ameoblastoma and odontogenic cysts. The same result was found when comparing solid and unicysticameloblastomas. Conclusion The results show no differences in the expression of EMT immunoreactivity between solid and unicysticameloblastomas,also between AM and odontogenic cysts.The EMT in ameloblastoma may be one of the origins of stromal cell,but has no correlation with the invasive biological behaviors of ameloblastoma.

转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)/Smads信号是一种具有多功能生物活性的细胞因子,调控细胞增殖、分化、迁移、凋亡、粘附、血管生成、免疫监视和存活等.在人类头颈部鳞状细胞癌中TGF-β/Smads过表达,TGF-β通过促进血管生成与炎症、诱发免疫逃逸、促进上皮-间充质转化等多种机制来促进肿瘤细胞的浸润和转移,TGF-β/Smads与癌症发生、恶性进展以及预后密切相关.本文就TGF-β/smads蛋白与恶性肿瘤的研究进展进行综述.

BRAF基因目前是成釉细胞瘤致病机制中研究最为热门的基因之一,其突变率在成釉细胞瘤检出率较高,本文将对BRAF基因在成釉细胞瘤中的最新进展进行论述,并评述BRAF基因突变的临床价值.

与口腔鳞状细胞癌分化程度相关的分子,包括P53,PTEN,Rho家族蛋白质,黏附分子CD44等,其可通过自身的表达进而影响肿瘤的发生及发展,因而对于这些分子的研究对于进一步了解肿瘤的分化程度提供了一种新的方式及平台.探索口腔鳞状细胞癌分化度相关的分子及其与肿瘤相关性的研究,将有助于阐明肿瘤的发生、发展机制,为肿瘤的靶向治疗提供依据.

转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)/Smads信号是一种具有多功能生物活性的细胞因子,调控细胞增殖、分化、迁移、凋亡、粘附、血管生成、免疫监视和存活等.在恶性肿瘤中TGF-β/Smads有过表达,TGF-β通过促进血管生成与炎症、诱发免疫逃逸、促进上皮-间充质转化等多种机制来促进肿瘤细胞的浸润和转移,TGF-β/Smads与癌症发生、恶性进展以及预后密切相关.本文就TGF-β/smads信号通路与恶性肿瘤的研究进展进行综述.

目的 检测在颌骨牙源性角化囊性瘤和根尖囊肿中RANK与RANKL表达,解析相互关联并探讨与骨破坏特性的相关性.方法 采用免疫组织化学-SP法检测分别30例颌骨牙源性角化囊性瘤和根尖囊肿中RANK、RANKL表达,用x2检验分析其与临床病理参数的关联,P＜0.05具有显著性差异,差异有统计学意义.结果 (1)免疫组织化学实验结果显示,RANK及RANKL主要表达在细胞质中,偶见细胞核着色,呈棕黄色弥漫性分布;牙源性角化囊性瘤和根尖囊肿病例中RANK的表达阳性率为53.3％(16/30)和30.5％ (9/30),RANKL阳性率为53.3％(16/30)和26.7％ (8/30).(2)与根尖囊肿相比RANK、RANKL在牙源性角化囊性瘤中呈高表达,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 (1)RANK、RANKL在牙源性角化囊性瘤及根尖囊肿均有表达.(2)RANK、RANKL表达在牙源性角化囊性瘤比较根尖囊肿呈高表达;该结果提示RANKL/RANKL/OPG信号通路在颌骨囊肿及肿瘤样病变中存在,并且可能与骨质破坏程度密切相关.

The invasion and metastasis of malignant tumor mainly rely on cancer cell replantation and growth,and multiple mechanisms of metastasis are still under study.Claudins protein is expressed in a variety of human tissues,and is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors,which is closely associated with tumor invasion and metastasis.In recent years,many scholars have conducted a number of studies on the relationship between Claudins protein and tumor,discovering that abnormal expression of Claudins protein are closely associated with tumor genesis,development and prognosis.

Objective:To explore the application value about cone-beam computed tomographic ( CBCT) in the Submandibular gland duct Sialoliths. Methods:20 subjects who has Submandibular gland duct Sialoliths underwent CBCT and ultrasound in order to detect the location of the submandibular gland duct Sialoliths and shape, size, etc. 10 cases of submandibular gland duct Sialoliths form the rules was measured,compared with preoperative CBCT measuring value. Results:20 subjects all underwent CBCT and ultrasound,CBCT in submandibular gland duct Sialoliths diagnostic rate was 100%(20/20),ultrasound submandibular gland duct Sialoliths diagnostic rate was 80%(16/20). Among them 4 cases of unknown duct Sialoliths from Sialoliths,then underwent CBCT again,one Sialoliths from submandibular gland,2 cases are muddy Sialoliths,and the last one is mini Sialoliths it’ s dimension less than 1 millimeter from the anterier of duct. 20 cases all underwent surgery,During and after operation we confirm the location shape and dimension Consistent with the results of preoperative CBCT. Measure 10 subjects which form the rules of submandibular gland duct Sialoliths,compared with preoperative CBCT measuring value,their error in 0. 5millimeter. Conclusion:The results revealed that CBCT is capable of diagnosing sialoliths. The acurate of location,demention and shape are very well. All in all it can provide reliable information for clinical treatment.

The lymph node metastasis of oral cancer cell is a multistep,consecutive and complex process involving cell separation,transfer,intrusion from microcirculation system,formation of new clone to reach target organs. The process,mode and mechanism of lymph node metastasis in oral cancer have become a hot research topic in recent years. However,the exact molecular mechanism is still unclear. The recent advances will be reviewed.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma ( OSCC ) is an oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor, which is characterized by the early local invasion and lymph node metastasis. The lymph node metastasis is one of the most serious prognosis impact factors and the metastasis of cancer is a process controlled by multiple factors. The exploration of the highly specified markers of the lymph node metastasis will improve the understanding of this cancer, which beyond any questions is a hotspot of translational medicine with vital significance. This paper will do the literature review on this research area to show the progress of molecular markers used in the study of lymph node metastasis of oral squamous carcinoma.

Objective To study the expression of β-catenin and p5 3 protein in oral squamous cell carcino-ma (OSCC) and their clinical significance .Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was applied to detect the expressions of β-catenin and p5 3 protein in 5 5 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 1 5 cases of normal oral mucous membrane .Results (1 ) Abnormal expression of β-catenin was described as reduced or absent mem-brane staining and altered cytoplasmic and/or nuclear accumulation and was detected in7 0 .9% of 5 5 cases in OS-CC .Abnormalβ-catenin expression was significantly associated with moderately or poorly differentiated carci-noma( P<0 .0 5 ) ,however ,there was no a statistically significant association with lymph node metastasis ( P>0 .0 5 ) .(2 ) The positive rate of p5 3 protein was 6 7 .6% and significantly higher than that in normal epithelium ( P<0 .0 5 ) .The expression of p5 3 protein in the clinical stage Ⅲ ,Ⅳ were significantly higher than that in clin-ical stage Ⅰ ,Ⅱ(P<0 .05 ) .(3 )There was correlation between the expression of β-catenin and the expression of p53 protein(r=0 .373 ,P<0 .05 ) .Conclusion Abnormal expression of β-catenin and overexpression of p53 protein may be individually or conjunctly involved in the course of pathogenesis and development of oral squa -mous cell carcinoma .