Objective:To comprehensively collect the clinical research evidence of Wuqinxi, and provide reference for the future clinical research.Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Database, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of each database to March 31, 2021. After screening and extracting, SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the basic characteristics, sample size, control and intervention measures, outcomes.Results:Totally 230 studies were included, of which 58.26% (134/230) were randomized controlled trial. The top 6 diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, cervical pain, low back pain, diabetes and knee osteoarthritis. Common outcome included four items of blood lipid tests, blood glucose, immunological indicators and the evaluation of disease-related symptoms, such as pain, sleep and range of motion. The median frequency of Wuqinxi was once a day, 45 minutes each time, 5 days a week and lasted for 3 months. 94.78% (218/230) of the studies reported positive results. The safety and compliance of Wuqinxi intervention were good.Conclusions:The number of clinical studies on Wuqinxi is significantly less than Baduanjin and Taijiquan. It is necessary to formulate the report specification of intervention measures for Wuqinxi, so as to report the intervention plan of Wuqinxi more clearly and transparently.

目的:分析大肠癌患者家庭照顾者在患者术后、化疗中期、化疗结束及化疗结束后3个月各时段照顾负担的水平变化情况.方法:本研究采用纵向研究设计,通过便利抽样在北京市、内蒙古自治区、河北省、河南省、江苏省的7家三级甲等医院,对185名大肠癌患者家庭照顾者在4个时间点采用一般自我效能量表、社会支持量表、照顾者照顾能力量表、简易应对方式量表及照顾者反应评估量表进行问卷调查.结果:大肠癌患者家庭照顾者普遍存在照顾负担,对照顾者影响较大的是"时间安排受打扰"和"经济问题"两个维度;照顾负担在随访期间先升后降,在化疗中期较为严重.增加照顾负担的因素为与患者同住、分担照顾患者人数少,照顾者一般自我效能、社会支持、照顾能力欠缺,较少采用积极应对和较多采用消极应对.结论:大肠癌患者家庭照顾者照顾负担随时间先上升后下降.临床医护人员应重点提高照顾者的自我效能、社会支持、照顾能力和促进其采取积极的应对方式.

Pressure injury is a common problem faced by global health care institutions, which seriously threatens the lives and health of patients. The treatment and care of pressure injuries need people in multiple professional fields to work together. This article interprets the assessment and planning part of the clinical practice guideline for the third edition of " Assessment and Management of Pressure Injuries for the Interprofessional Team" developed by the Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Canada. This article aims at helping the interprofessional team conduct accurate, comprehensive, and full-process assessments of patients with pressure injuries, formulate a reasonable diagnosis and treatment plan, and providing a basis for the implementation of correct treatment measures, so as to promote the improvement and healing of pressure injuries.

目的:系统评价耳穴贴压对胃癌病人术后胃肠功能恢复的干预效果.方法:计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据知识服务平台(WanFang Data)、中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、CINAHL(EBSCO Host)和Cochrane临床对照实验中心注册数据库(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,CENTRAL)中关于耳穴贴压对胃癌病人术后胃肠功能恢复的随机对照试验及半随机对照试验.检索时间为建库至2020年5月31日.依据文献纳入及排除标准进行筛查、提取资料,利用Cochrane手册5.1.0推荐的随机对照试验偏倚风险评估工具评价文献质量,采用RevMan 5.2软件进行Meta分析.结果:最终纳入12项研究,包括1370例研究对象.Meta分析结果显示,术前对干预组病人采用耳穴贴压,肛门首次排气时间短于对照组接受常规护理的病人[MD=-34.52,95％CI(-48.24,-20.81),P<0.00001],术后干预组肛门首次排气时间短于对照组病人[MD=-11.92,95％CI(-14.39,-9.44),P<0.00001],术前干预组首次排便时间短于对照组病人[MD=-34.98,95％CI(-47.69,-22.26),P<0.00001],术后干预组首次排便时间短于对照组病人[MD=-10.62,95％CI(-15.86,-5.37),P<0.0001],术后干预组肠鸣音恢复时间短于对照组病人[MD=-7.58,95％CI(-10.25,-4.92),P<0.00001],术后干预组腹胀消失时间短于对照组病人[MD=-3.46,95％CI(-4.76,-2.16),P<0.00001].结论:现有证据表明,耳穴贴压能够有效改善胃癌病人术后的胃肠功能情况.由于本研究评价指标间存在异质性,因此,需要更多临床多中心、大样本、高质量的研究进一步评价耳穴贴压对胃癌术后病人胃肠功能恢复的综合效果.

目的:评价与总结国内外癌症幸存者体力活动相关的最佳证据.方法:系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、Cochrane Library、Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、Springer、ProQuest、美国国立指南库、加拿大医学协会临床实践指南、新西兰指南协作组、国际指南网络、英国国家医疗保健优化研究所、苏格兰校际指南网络、安大略注册护士协会、澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心、澳大利亚运动与体育科学协会、中国抗癌协会等国内外数据库、指南网站以及专业协会网站中关于癌症幸存者体力活动的所有指南、证据总结、推荐实践、专家共识及系统评价,检索时限为建库至2019年12月31日.由3名研究者对文献质量进行评价和证据提取.结果:共纳入10篇文献,包括2部指南、1篇证据总结、1篇专家共识、6篇系统评价.从体力活动的益处,体力活动前评估,体力活动总量,体力活动方式、强度、频率与时间,体力活动的安全性及增加体力活动依从性的策略6方面汇总证据,最终总结10条最佳证据.结论:癌症幸存者体力活动的证据较为全面,医疗机构和临床医务人员可结合机构环境,将证据进行转化和应用,开展体力活动实践,制定癌症幸存者体力活动方案,提高癌症幸存者体力活动水平,以改善其生命质量.

The elderly group is a special group of people. More and more studies have found that the related diseases of the elderly may be closely related to the age of intestine. The microbiota in the intestinal microecology participates in body's defense, immunity, nutrition, metabolism, cancer suppression as well as anti-aging. Once age-related diseases occur, the stability and abundance of intestinal microbiota is bound to be disturbed. This article reviews the relationship between intestinal microbiota and age-related diseases so as to provide new ideas and directions for the treatment and nursing care of elderly diseases.

目的:系统总结大肠癌患者家庭照顾者照顾负担的情况及相关因素.方法:参照Cochrane协作网工作手册,检索PubMed、EMbase、CINAHL、the Cochrane Library、Springer、Web of Science、中国知网期刊数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库(WanFang Data)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)和百度学术从建库至2019年3月31日发表的文献,纳入有关大肠癌患者家庭照顾者照顾负担现状的研究,由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、质量评价和资料提取.以美国卫生保健质量和研究机构对于描述性论文的质量评价标准为参照,评价文献质量后系统总结纳入研究的基本情况.结果:纳入10篇研究.依据照顾者适应模型及癌症家庭照顾模型,可将相关因素分为患者特征和照顾者特征.其中主要相关因素包括患者的一般情况、疾病情况、生活质量、自我护理能力、肠道功能以及照顾者的一般情况、社会支持、应对方式和生活质量.结论:大肠癌患者家庭照顾者照顾负担的相关因素较多.纳入文献均为描述性研究,因果论证效能较低,期待更多纵向研究提供高质量证据.

Objective:To carry out content analysis of clinical practice guideline recommendations related to physical activity in survivors of colorectal cancer at home and abroad so as to provide a reference for formulating a standardized and personalized physical activity plan for survivors of colorectal cancer.Methods:Clinical practice guidelines related to physical activity in survivors of colorectal cancer were retrieved in Chinese-English databases, guideline websites and professional society websites by computer from 1st, January 2009 to 1st, July 2019. Guideline recommendations were extracted, translated, classified and analyzed on content with the method of content analysis.Results:A total of 7 clinical practice guidelines were included and 26 recommendations on physical activity of survivors of colorectal cancer were extracted. A total of 8-item content on physical activity were analyzed including the safety and benefits of physical activity, assessment before physical activity, amount of physical activity, way of physical activity, intensity, frequency and duration of physical activity, attention of physical activity, contraindications of physical activity and incremental strategy of physical activity.Conclusions:There are many recommendations on the way, amount, frequency, intensity and attention of physical activity. There are inconsistencies between recommendation mentioned frequency and clinical importance, and consistencies between partial recommendations and domestic practice content, and the recom mendations are more diversified than domestic practice content. We should carry out localization for the high level of foreign guideline to explore the evidences suitable for physical activity in survivors of colorectal cancer in China.

This article comparatively analyzed the Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries：Clinical Practice Guideline issued by the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel（NPIAP），European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel（EPUAP），and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance（PPPIA） in 2019 and the Assessment and Management of Pressure Injuries for the Interprofessional Team（Third Edition）issued by Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario（RNAO）in 2016，in order to provide the references for the standardized management of pressure injuries in China.

目的 探讨预防肠造口旁疝临床实践指南推荐意见,为临床预防肠造口旁疝提供循证证据.方法 检索国内外指南网站及数据库,并使用AGREEⅡ手册评价预防肠造口旁疝临床实践指南,对指南进行翻译和回译和提取,形成预防造口旁疝的推荐意见,由8名不同领域的专家按照指南推荐分类原则并结合内容分析法进行归类,经专家论证会后将推荐意见整合.结果 共纳入3篇质量为A级的国外预防肠造口旁疝的临床实践指南,共计提取预防造口旁疝相关推荐意见47条,根据指南推荐分类原则及专家论证会,最终汇总整合出18条推荐意见.结论 纳入的3篇A级指南更新时间较新,汇总整合推荐意见内容较为全面,各试点病房可根据自身的情况进行本土化研究,以规范护理行为,提高护理质量,有效预防患者造口旁疝的形成.

目的 通过对国内外文献回顾,针对我国高仿真情景模拟教学设计存在的问题进行阐述,并提出相应的对策.方法复习国内外文献,分析我国高仿真情景模拟教学设计的模式、存在的不足并提出对策.结果我国高仿真情景模拟在实施过程中存在教师、学生和实验室准备不足,情景的仿真程度不够,高仿真模拟系统利用不足,情景模拟实施时间不够,教学评价方法不统一,缺乏对能力的评价等问题.并提出相应对策,包括:教学目标和参与者需求是教学组织设计的基础,教师、学生和案例的充分准备,学生事先熟悉情景病例有助于提高教学效率,保证高仿真模拟的真实,统一情景模拟教学的评价标准和方法.结论虽然我国护理高仿真情景教学还存一些不足,但在未来的护理教学和实践应用中仍具有很大潜力,必将是促进护理教育发展、引领护理教学改革的一个重要发展方向.