Objective To investigate the current status of ICU medical staff's beliefs and attitudes towards family visits,analyze the possible influencing factors of ICU medical staff's beliefs and attitudes,and provide a basis for the formulation of ICU visitation system.Methods In February 2023,a total of 266 medical staff in ICU in Xiamen were investigated by convenience sampling using the visiting beliefs and attitudes of medical staff questionnaire.Results A total of 266 ICU nurses visit beliefs scale averages(2.64±0.30)points,the mean attitude scale of 5.00(4.33,5.67)points.ICU visitation belief score was correlated with daily working hours,occupation,work nature,satisfaction with the current visitation system,whether to support open visits,and whether to believe that increasing the number of visits,with statistical significance(P<0.05).ICU visitation attitude score was related to daily working hours,work nature,whether to support open visits,and whether to believe that increasing the number of visits,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that daily working hours,occupation,work nature,satisfaction with the current visitation system,whether to support open visits,and whether it is beneficial to increase the number of visits were the influencing factors of ICU visitation belief(P<0.05).Daily working hours,whether to support open visits,and whether to believe that increasing the number of visits were the influencing factors of ICU visitation attitude(P<0.05).In the open-ended questions,most of the medical staff had a negative attitude towards visits,and some medical staff suggested setting the appropriate visit frequency according to the patient's condition.Conclusion ICU medical staff have a positive attitude and a medium level of visitation belief.Daily working hours,occupation,nature of work,satisfaction with the current visitation system,whether to support open visits,and whether to believe that increasing the number of visits is beneficial to patients are the influencing factors of ICU medical staff's beliefs and attitudes about visits.

目的 汉化退休规划过程量表,并检验其信效度,为我国老年前期人群退休规划测评提供工具.方法 基于Brislin翻译模式,对退休规划过程量表进行汉化和跨文化调适,方便抽样选取 598 名老年前期人群进行问卷调查,对结果进行信度和效度分析.结果 中文版退休规划过程量表包含 4 个维度,39个条目,总量表的Cronbach α系数为 0.982、奇偶分半信度为 0.915、重测信度为 0.865.总量表的内容效度指数为 0.980,探索性因子分析提取了 4个公因子,累积方差贡献率为 74.387％;验证性因子分析显示各拟合指标均达标.各维度与量表总分的相关性为 0.816～0.930.结论 中文版退休规划过程量表具有良好的信度和效度,可作为我国老年前期人群退休规划的评估工具.

目的 探讨一种医疗挂滴用辅助装置在重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)患者有创监测中的应用.方法 选取2022 年 1-4 月入住厦门大学附属第一医院ICU病房进行有创监测的 73 例患者,按随机分配法分为两组.对照组 36 例常规使用压力传感器输液端连接加压输液袋,试验组 37 例在对照组基础上加用医疗挂滴用辅助装置固定.比较两组压力传感器输液端脱落率、动脉导管回血率、堵塞率、更换传感器频率,有创导管拔除率、重新置管率、耗费时间等.结果 试验组脱落率低于对照组,导管回血率、更换压力传感器频率及额外耗费时间均较对照组少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 医疗挂滴用辅助装置应用于ICU患者有创监测,可降低压力传感器输液端脱落率,减少并发症的发生,减少耗材浪费及护理人员的工作量,促进护理质量的提高.

目的:探讨薯蓣粥对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞自噬功能及胰岛素抵抗(IR)的影响,为阐明薯蓣粥的降糖机制及推广应用提供科学依据.方法:将48只SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠按随机数表法分为空白组8只(普通饲料喂养)和造模组40只(高脂高糖饲料喂养).6周后,造模组腹腔注射链脲佐菌素.以连续非同日2次空腹血糖(FBG)≥11.1 mmol/L为糖尿病大鼠成模标准.32只成模大鼠随机分为模型组、薯蓣粥组(薯蓣粥)、联合治疗组(薯蓣粥和二甲双胍)、二甲双胍组(二甲双胍),每组8只.灌胃干预6周后检测大鼠FBG、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)的变化,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).HE染色观察胰岛β细胞腺形态结构;Western blot检测AMPK、LC3-Ⅱ、p62蛋白表达.结果:HE染色结果显示:薯蓣粥组、联合治疗组以及二甲双胍组胰岛β细胞形态结构较模型组有不同程度的改善.与空白组比较,模型组大鼠FBG、TC、LDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR水平显著升高(P＜0.01),AMPK、LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达显著下降(P＜0.05),p62蛋白表达显著增加(P＜0.05).与模型组比较,薯蓣粥组、联合治疗组、二甲双胍组FBG、TC、LDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR水平显著下降(P＜0.01),AMPK、LC3蛋白表达显著升高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);薯蓣粥组LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达显著升高(P＜0.01);薯蓣粥组与二甲双胍组p62蛋白表达显著下降(P＜0.05).结论:薯蓣粥能调节糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢,改善其IR及胰岛β细胞功能,其机制可能与薯蓣粥以AMPK为作用靶点,激活胰岛β细胞自噬有关.

目的:分析护理本科生深度学习能力与学习动力的相关性,为提升护理本科生深度学习能力提供依据.方法:采用整群抽样法,利用大学生深度学习量表和护理专业学生学习动力评定量表对460 名二年级、三年级护理本科生进行调查.结果:护理本科生深度学习得分为(101.68±12.45)分、学习动力得分为(121.71±16.53)分,两者总分呈正相关(r=0.642,P<0.05).多元逐步回归分析显示,学习动力和学习自信心是护理本科生深度学习的主要影响因素(调整R2=0.43,P<0.001).结论:护理本科生深度学习能力处于中等水平,帮助护理本科生设定学习目标及执行计划,充分激发其学习动力,树立学习自信,有助于其深度学习能力的提高.

Introduction: This study aimed to synthesise the best available evidence on the safety and efficacy of using moxibustion and/or acupuncture to manage cancer-related insomnia (CRI). Methods: The PRISMA framework guided the review. Nine databases were searched from its inception to July 2020, published in English or Chinese. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of moxibustion and or acupuncture for the treatment of CRI were selected for inclusion. Methodological quality was assessed using the method suggested by the Cochrane collaboration. The Cochrane Review Manager was used to conduct a meta-analysis. Results: Fourteen RCTs met the eligibility criteria. Twelve RCTs used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score as continuous data and a meta-analysis showed positive effects of moxibustion and or acupuncture ( n = 997, mean difference (MD) = −1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −2.75 to −0.94, p < 0.01). Five RCTs using continuous data and a meta-analysis in these studies also showed significant difference between two groups ( n = 358, risk ratio (RR) = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.26–0.80, I 2 = 39%). Conclusion: The meta-analyses demonstrated that moxibustion and or acupuncture showed a positive effect in managing CRI. Such modalities could be considered an add-on option in the current CRI management regimen.

Objective: To explore the effect of yam gruel on intestinal permeability in T2DM rats. Methods: 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group (n=8) and model group (n=27). The rats in the blank group were given normal diet, and the model group were fed with high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to prepare T2DM rat model. After modeling, the rats were randomly divided into model group, yam gruel group and metformin group. The blank group and model group were given 5 mL normal saline, the yam gruel group was given 5 mL yam gruel, and the metformin group was given 5 mL metformin. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured every week. After the intervention, the histological morphology of colon was observed, and the protein expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, Occludin and ZO-1 in colon tissue, and the expression of Zonulin, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and fins in serum were detected. HOMA-IR was calculated. Results: In the model group, the intestinal villi were incomplete and sparsely spaced, accompanied by neutrophil exudation. The above situation in yam gruel group and metformin group was better than that in the model group. In the model group, the protein expression of TNF-α and IL-6 increased (P<0.05), the protein expression of Occludin and ZO-1 decreased (P<0.05), the expression of Zonulin, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and FINS increased (P<0.05), FBG and HOMA-IR increased (P<0.05). In the yam gruel group, the protein expression of TNF-α and IL-6 decreased (P<0.05), the protein expression of Occludin and ZO-1 increased (P<0.05), the expression of Zonulin, LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and FINS decreased (P<0.05), FBG and HOMA-IR decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Yam gruel could reduce the intestinal permeability of T2DM rats, and then reduce the systemic inflammatory response, alleviate insulin resistance and improve blood glucose.

目的:探讨薯蓣粥对2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）大鼠肠道微生物、短链脂肪酸（shortchain fatty acids,SCFAs）血糖、胰岛素分泌的影响。方法:将60只SPF级Wister大鼠随机抽取10只为空白组,剩余50只腹部注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）制作T2DM模型,成模后大鼠随机分为模型组、薯蓣粥组、二甲双胍组、联合组;空白组和模型组每日用生理盐水灌胃5 mL,薯蓣粥组每日用薯蓣粥灌胃5 mL,二甲双胍组每日用二甲双胍水溶液灌胃,联合组用薯蓣粥+二甲双胍灌胃,共干预6周;干预期间每周检测大鼠空腹血糖（FBG）,干预后检测大鼠肠道菌群构成以及FBG、空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平、粪便内SCFAs的含量。结果:与空白组相比,模型组大鼠空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素含量、胰岛素抵抗指数均升高（P＜0.05）,粪便中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量,以及OTUs（Operational Taxonomic Units）、Chao1指数、Shannon指数明显降低（P＜0.05）,厚壁菌门、疣微菌门、颤螺菌、阿克曼氏菌、梭菌的相对丰度降低（P＜0.05）,变形菌门相对丰度增加（P＜0.05）。干预4周,薯蓣粥组大鼠空腹血糖出现明显降低（P＜0.05）。干预结束后薯蓣粥组大鼠的空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素含量、胰岛素抵抗指数均低于模型组（P＜0.01）,空腹胰岛素含量、胰岛素抵抗指数与二甲双胍组、联合组相比没有统计学差异（P＞0.05）。薯蓣粥组与模型组相比,粪便中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸的含量均升高（P＜0.01）;OTUs指数升高,厚壁菌门、疣微菌门、阿克曼氏菌、梭菌的相对丰度升高,变形菌门的相对丰度降低（P＜0.05）。结论:薯蓣粥可能通过改善T2DM大鼠肠道微生物失调,增加SCFAs含量,从而改善胰岛素抵抗,降低血糖。

目的 了解社区中老年居民对中医护理技术接受情况.方法 以技术接受模型为理论框架,自行设计社区中老年居民中医护理技术接受情况调查表,便利抽取社区中老年居民进行调查.结果 541名社区中老年居民中医护理技术接受情况的条目均分为(3.55±0.45)分,使用顾虑维度的得分最低,为(2.98±0.60)分,感知有用性维度的得分最高,为(4.08±0.64)分;不同年龄、文化程度、居住地、是否接受过中医护理技术的社区中老年居民对中医护理技术接受情况的得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 社区中老年居民对于中医护理技术的认可度和接受程度较好,但存在使用顾虑和使用难度.社区应积极改进工作,为社区居民提供便利、优质的中医护理技术服务.

目的 观察薯蓣粥对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)大鼠磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,PEPCK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(glucose-6-phosphatase,G6Pase)、肿瘤坏死因子-o(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,1L-6)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)和脂联素(adiponectin,APN)等与肝脏糖异生相关指标的变化,从肝脏糖异生角度探讨薯蓣粥的降糖机制,为薯蓣粥的临床应用提供科学依据.方法 60只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白组10只和造模组50只.造模组采用高糖高脂饲料联合腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)制备T2DM大鼠模型,将造模成功的40只大鼠随机分为模型组、薯蓣粥组、二甲双胍组和联合治疗组,各组10只.每组给予相应药物连续灌胃给药6周后,全自动生化分析仪检测空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG);ELISA检测血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP和APN含量;RT-qPCR检测PEPCK和G6Pase基因(mRNA)表达;免疫组化检测PEPCK和G6Pase蛋白表达.结果 与空白组比较,模型组大鼠FBG显著升高(P＜0.01);血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平上升,APN水平下降(P＜0.01);肝组织PEPCK、G6Pase mRNA及蛋白表达均增加(P＜0.01).与模型组比较,薯蓣粥组、二甲双胍组和联合治疗组FBG显著降低(P＜0.01);血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平下降,APN水平上升(P＜0.05);肝组织PEPCK、G6Pase mRNA及蛋白表达均减少(P＜0.01);且联合治疗组较薯蓣粥组应用效果更优(P＜0.05).结论 薯蓣粥能够降低T2DM大鼠FBG水平,其作用机制可能与下调T2DM大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平和上调APN水平,进而减少肝组织PEPCK、G6Pase mRNA及蛋白的表达,减弱肝脏糖异生有关.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between research ability and research motivation of postgraduate nursing students in traditional Chinese medicine colleges and identify other factors that may have an impact on the research ability of postgraduate nursing students. Design: A cross-sectional electronic survey was used to collect data from 191 postgraduate nursing students. Methods: A total of 191 postgraduate nursing students from seven traditional Chinese medicine colleges were investigated from October to November 2020 using self-rated scales for research ability and research motivation. The relationship between the variables affecting the research ability of postgraduate nursing students in traditional Chinese medicine colleges was determined. Results: There was a positive correlation between the score of self-rated research ability and research motivation among 191 postgraduate nursing students in traditional Chinese medicine colleges. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that grade, research motivation, age and active participation in class discussions were the main factors affecting the self-rated research ability. Conclusion: The self-rated research ability of postgraduate nursing students in traditional Chinese medicine colleges is positively correlated with research motivation. According to the research motivation orientation, adopting targeted training methods and establishing correct professional understanding may improve the research ability of postgraduate nursing students.

目的 分析、了解社区老年前期人群个人层面养老准备的内涵与特点,为构建城市养老模式提供依据.方法 对10名年龄50～59岁的社区居民进行半结构式访谈,用Colaizzi分析法对访谈资料进行分析、归纳.结果 共析出7个主题:(1)越临近退休,养老准备的想法越强烈;(2)不愿给子女添麻烦,准备进行自我养老;(3)增加收入、减少开支,自主进行养老金积累;(4)自主进行健康管理,延缓身心衰老;(5)强烈的学习需求,渴望获取预防保健知识;(6)加强亲友关系维护,渴望回报支持;(7)帮助子女照顾孙辈,减少潜在养老负担.结论 城市社区老年前期人群的养老准备具有主动选择自我养老方式,提前储蓄经济、健康、情感等养老资源的特点,提示城市社区具有提升自我养老能力的良好条件以及构建自我养老模式的群众基础.

探讨护理文献评价课程的教学效果,为其他院校开设该课程、提升护理学专业硕士研究生科研素养提供参考.

目的:分析颈动脉狭窄支架植入术患者术前焦虑、抑郁情绪与社会支持的相关性,为临床护理人员提供针对性的心理干预提供依据.方法:采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和社会支持评定量表,对福州市某三甲医院72例颈动脉狭窄拟行支架植入术的患者进行术前调查.结果:颈动脉狭窄支架植入术患者术前焦虑情绪得分为(12.86±3.89)分;抑郁情绪得分为(11.83±3.97)分;社会支持得分为(31.24±7.20)分.术前焦虑、抑郁情绪得分均与社会支持得分呈负相关(r=-0.55、-0.30,P<0.05).多元回归分析显示,社会支持水平可以负向预测颈动脉狭窄支架植入术患者的术前焦虑、抑郁情绪(P<0.05).结论:颈动脉狭窄支架植入术患者术前存在轻度的焦虑、抑郁情绪,社会支持水平可以作为颈动脉狭窄支架植入术患者术前焦虑、抑郁的保护因素.

细胞焦亡、铁死亡是区别于传统细胞凋亡、坏死、自噬的两种新型细胞程序性死亡方式,两者具有不同的生物学特征,对骨关节炎软骨基质稳态的调控方式、作用特点亦有区别.通过细胞焦亡、铁死亡对骨关节炎软骨基质稳态的影响及可能作用途径进行初步探讨,为进一步防治骨关节炎开辟新方向.

目的 了解中医院校护理学硕士研究生科研能力、护理研究自我效能现状并探究中医院校护理学硕士研究生科研能力的影响因素.方法 采用一般资料问卷、护理人员科研能力自评量表和护理研究自我效能量表对我国7所中医院校的191名护理学硕士研究生进行调查.结果 中医院校护理学硕士研究生科研能力总分为(66.74±17.20)分、护理研究自我效能得分为(131.10±24.94)分.年龄、年级、护理研究自我效能是中医院校护理学硕士研究生科研能力的影响因素.结论 中医院校护理学硕士研究生科研能力与护理研究自我效能均有待提高,提示在中医院校护理学硕士研究生培养过程中,应增强研究生的护理研究自我效能,并根据研究生具体情况采取针对性或个性化培养方式,促进其科研能力的提升.

There is increasing evidence of the linkage between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gut microbiota. Based on our previous studies, we investigated the hypoglycemic mechanisms of yam gruel to provide a scientific basis for its popularization and application. Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and T2DM model groups. Rats in the model group were stimulated by a high-sugar/high-fat diet combined with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to induce T2DM. The T2DM rats were further subdivided randomly into three groups: (1) DM, (2) DM + yam gruel, and (3) DM + metformin. After 4 weeks of intervention, the changes in gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid), the expression of G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and fasted blood glucose (FBG) levels were observed. Yam gruel intervention elevated the abundance of probiotic bacteria and increased the expression of SCFAs, GPR43 receptor, GLP-1, and PYY. It also reduced FBG levels. We conclude that yam gruel can lower FBG by promoting the growth of probiotic bacteria, increasing the content of SCFAs, and enhancing the expression of GPR43 receptor to increase the content of GLP-1 and PYY in serum.

目的 调查高等中医院校护理学专业硕士研究生护理研究自我效能现状,分析影响因素.方法 便利抽取7所高等中医院校护理学专业硕士研究生191人进行护理研究自我效能问卷调查.结果护理学专业硕士研究生护理研究自我效能得分为(131.10±24.94)分,处于中等水平.年级、年龄、是否每周参加课外活动、科研动机进入回归方程(R2=0.272,调整R2=0.256,P<0.001).结论 高等中医院校护理学专业硕士研究生护理研究自我效能水平有待提高,且受多种因素影响.提示高等中医院校护理研究生教育中应采取多种方法,以提高研究生护理研究自我效能水平.

[摘要] 目的:从肠道菌群-短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)探讨薯蓣粥对糖尿病合并脑卒中大鼠糖脂代谢的影响。 方法:选择 SPF 级 wistar 大鼠,使用腹部注射 STZ、Zea Longa 线栓法制作糖尿病合并缺血性脑卒中模型,成模后随机分为模型组、薯蓣粥 组;另取一组为假手术组(不做尼龙单丝插入,其余造模过程均相同)。 模型组、假手术组予 0. 9%氯化钠注射液 5 ml 灌胃,薯 蓣粥组以薯蓣粥 5 ml 灌胃,共 4 周。 干预后每周检测大鼠空腹血糖(FBG),干预结束后检测大鼠血糖、血脂 4 项[三酰甘油 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)]、脂联素(ADNP)、SCFAs 水平肠道菌 群多样性及物种丰度。 结果:TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、ADNP、SCFAs 各指标,假手术组、薯蓣粥组与模型组比较,差异均有统计 学意义(P<0. 05 或 P<0. 01)。 干预第 3、4 周薯蓣粥组与模型组 FBG 比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。 模型组的 OUTs 数量、Chaol 指数、Shannon 指数均低于假手术组,但 Chaol 指数、Shannou 指数均高于薯蓣粥组,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义 (P<0. 05 或 P<0. 01)。 薯蓣粥组中,Clostridiales、Ruminococcaceae、Prevotella、LachnosPiraceae 等能够促进 SCFAs 产生的菌属 较模型组增多。 结论:薯蓣粥可通过调控肠道菌群,增加 SCFAs,从而改善糖尿病合并脑卒中大鼠的糖脂代谢。 [关键词] 糖尿病合并脑卒中;薯蓣粥;糖脂代谢;肠道菌群;实验研究 [中图分类号]R285. 5 [文献标识码]A DOI:10. 16808 / j. cnki. issn1003-7705. 2020. 11. 068

Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is closely related to hyperglycemia and gut microbiota imbalance, while gut microbiota contributes to the regulation of brain function through the gut-brain axis. Previous studies in patients with diabetes have found that 'yam gruel' is a classic medicated diet made from Dioscorea polystachya, increases the content of Bifidobacterium, regulates oxidative stress, and reduces fasting blood glucose levels. The research reported here investigated the effects of 'yam gruel' on the cognitive function of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and explored the mechanism underlying the role of the gut-brain axis in this process. 'Yam gruel' was shown to improve cognitive function as indicated by increased relative content of probiotic bacteria, and short-chain fatty acids in the intestinal tract and cerebral cortex reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory response and promotion of the expression of neurotransmitters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Thus, it is concluded that 'yam gruel' has a protective effect on cognitive function via a mechanism related to the gut-brain axis.