随着粤港澳大湾区的发展,民办高校护理学专业应进一步深化改革,确定人才培养目标,注重职业认同感的培养,进行理论教学和实践教学的变革,优化教学评价体系,加强师资队伍的建设,为大湾区输送具有较高健康素养水平和临床核心胜任力的护理人才.

目的 了解广州高校学生电子健康素养的现状,为提高高校学生电子健康素养提供理论依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法 ,对广州市5所高校1282名学生开展电子健康素养的调查.结果 广州高校学生电子健康素养平均得分为(27.23±4.72)分.不同性别、生源地、是否为独生子女等方面的电子健康素养得分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).多元线性回归分析发现,父亲目前健康状况、生源地、自评个人健康状况、是否为独生子女、对健康的态度和父亲的文化程度是电子健康素养的主要影响因素(P<0.05).结论 广州高校学生的电子健康素养水平较低,提示健康教育工作者需要运用适当干预措施提高学生的电子健康素养水平.

《预防医学》是以"环境—人群—健康"为模式,以人群为研究对象,以预防为主要思想指导,在医学生专业课程体系中起着重要作用.文章以《预防医学》课程为例,考核遵循公平、公正、公开的原则,运用口试考核法增强学生自主学习的能力,引导并提高学生思辨能力和综合表达能力.实践表明这种考核方式得到学生的好评,有利于提高学生的批判性思维和综合表达能力.

随着智能手机的日益普及和"互联网+教育"理念的推广,催生一批新的现代化教学手段,移动教学法是高等教育与"互联网+"结合的产物.为全面推进预防医学教学改革,充分利用移动教学法促进预防医学的教学,打造"以学生为中心"的智慧课堂,学习预防医学基础知识和基本技能,提高学生应对突发公共卫生事件的能力,最大限度地提高学生自主学习能力,提高学习效率.

目的 了解实习护生对新型冠状病毒肺炎突发公共卫生事件的风险认知及应急能力,为提升实习护生应急水平提供参考.方法 采用方便抽样的方法,运用一般资料问卷、突发公共卫生事件公众风险认知量表和护生突发公共卫生事件应急能力量表,对77名在新冠肺炎定点医院实习的护生进行调查.结果 实习护生对突发公共卫生事件风险认知得分和应急能力得分分别为(3.59±0.50)分和(3.25±0.47)分,均处于中等水平.不同性别和实习科室是突发公共卫生事件风险认知的主要影响因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);不同实习科室是应急能力的影响因素(P＜0.01).结论 实习护生对突发公共卫生事件相关知识和应急能力有待提高,教学医院和高校应采取不同的培训方式,提高其应对突发公共卫生事件的能力.

目的 对电子烟使用情况及态度量表进行汉化,筛选条目并构建新的中文版量表,测量其信效度.方法 构建课题组并对英文版的电子烟使用情况及态度量表进行翻译、回译、文化调适.于2019年9-11月采取方便抽样的方法抽取广州市5所高校共607名大学生进行调查,评价量表的信效度.结果 经过严格的标准筛选条目,利用因子分析方法对量表各成分进行分析.总量表的Cronbach'sα系数为0.801,各维度Cronbach's仅系数为0.431 ～0.874,重测信度为0.859.因子分析共提取8个公因子,累积方差贡献率为69.281％.结论 电子烟使用情况及态度量表中文版有较好的信度和效度,可以作为评估工具.

随着护理职业的国际化趋势日益显著,越来越多医学院校希望培养具有国际视野、竞争能力强的国际化护理人才.护理专业英语的教学策略相对缺乏或有限.在充分利用外教资源的前提下,但又限于学生英语基础不足以完全听懂纯外语课堂情况下,该研究以广东省某独立学院护理专业英语会话(Professional Nursing Communication)课程为例,采用一名美国护理教授授课为主,一名中国教师进行语言和文化辅助的合作教学模式,通过四学期的行动研究,在备课、授课、课外拓展、评价方式等方面不断改进,充分发挥双方优势,探索专业英语教学中中外教师合作教学模式.

目的 探讨编织技术微创治疗鸡胸的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2018年12月收治的51例鸡胸患者的临床资料,其中男47例、女4例,年龄9～29(13.7±2.9)岁,均行胸腔镜直视下置入穿插走行于皮下、肋间、胸骨的矫形钢板微创治疗,置入钢板数量依胸壁畸形程度而定.术后2年取出钢板.结果 51例均顺利完成手术,钢板置入手术时间(63.9±15.8) min,出血量(19.8±8.8)mL,术后住院时间(4.6±1.6)d;并发症有2例肋间动脉损伤,4例气胸,3例胸腔积液,1例皮肤破裂,29例术后第1d中度疼痛(疼痛数字评价量表评分4～6分),无因不可耐受的不适而取出钢板者.37例于术后2年取出钢板,术后住院时间(1.4±0.5)d,常规随访33(1～48)个月,矫形效果评价22例优秀,9例良好,胸廓外形得到明显改善;5例一般,1例差;未发现置入钢板对患者生长发育存在不良影响.结论 编织技术微创治疗鸡胸安全、可行、有效,胸廓修复效果满意.

目的 探讨在护理科研教学过程中应用TBL教学模式对本科护生科研能力的效果.方法 采用自愿原则组成TBL学习小组,按照护理科研流程将TBL教学模式贯穿于我院大三本科护生护理科研教学全过程,通过问卷评价TBL教学模式对护生科研能力的作用.结果 学生课程期末考试成绩和总成绩呈正态分布,总成绩80分以上者占92.17％,优秀率达6.41％.课后教学效果反馈表明,96.80％的学生认可TBL教学模式.学生各项科研能力得分和总分均较开展教学前显著提高(P<0.01),科研水平较干预前明显提高(P<0.05),TBL教学模式可以显著提高学生的科研兴趣、胜任科研工作的自信度和科研活动的参与度(P<0.05).结论 TBL教学模式引导学生渐进式掌握和实践护理科研课程内容,有利于调动学生平时学习的积极性、主动性和协作性,激发学生科研兴趣,全面提高了学生的综合素质.

目的:了解本学院不同实习医院本科护生临床实习满意度的状况.方法:采用问卷调查法对7所三级甲等综合医院实习的120名本科护生进行临床实习满意度调查.结果:7家实习医院总体评分结果显示,总体带教满意度为(4.19±0.76)分,3个维度从高到低依次为临床带教为(20.74±3.21)分、教学环境(19.16±3.60)分,教学管理为(16.34±2.71)分;不同科室满意度评分分别为内科(17.73±2.26)分、外科(17.64±2.22)分、妇产科(17.31±2.35)分、儿科(16.96±2.55)分.结论:各实习医院均能满足学生的实习需求,但应重视护理实践教学环境,加强教学管理,以提高实习效果,稳定护生的职业稳定性.

目的 靶向程序性死亡分子1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-1)通路的肿瘤免疫治疗在多种类型肿瘤中取得了卓越的临床疗效,包括非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung carcinoma,NSCLC).本研究关注2种靶向结合PD-1受体的单克隆抗体Pembrolizumab和Nivolumab一线治疗在我国晚期NSCLC患者中的疗效.方法 2例未接受过任何治疗的确诊为晚期鳞状NSCLC患者,患者甲给予Pembrolizumab 100mg/3w、患者乙给予Nivolumab 2 mg/(kg·2 w),均静脉注射,定期评估疗效.结果 经2周期治疗后,2例患者肺部肿瘤均达部分缓解(partial response,PR),呼吸系统症状及炎症好转;患者甲最终因肺癌脑转移于免疫治疗第3周期后死亡.患者乙治疗期间肺部原发病灶逐渐缩小,疗效评价PR;拟行第4周期治疗时发现脑部多发转移瘤,拟行第5周期时脑部多发转移瘤较前略有增大,疗效评价稳定(stable disease,SD),迄今仍在维持治疗.治疗期间,2例患者肿瘤标志物CA125均显著下降.治疗期间未观察到不良反应.结论 初步研究显示PD-1抑制剂治疗晚期NSCLC原发病灶疗效显著,安全性好,血清CA125浓度可作为一个评价疗效的观察指标.但PD-1抑制剂对控制脑部转移灶的疗效需要进一步研究.由于本研究入组人数较少,此结论尚需得到进一步的论证.

目的 通过将翻转课堂的教学模式应用于临床营养学的教学中,探讨该模式的可行性及效果.方法 选取某高校护理学院护理专业2013级至2016级学生共1301人为研究对象,采用理论考核以及问卷调查方法进行效果评价.结果 应用该模式教学后,学生的理论考核成绩有所提高(P<0.05).绝大多数学生认为,翻转课堂模式有助于增强学习主动性,提高自主学习能力、实操能力、学习兴趣.结论 与传统教学方法比较,翻转课堂教学模式能激发学生对学习的兴趣,学习效果更好.

作业是教学的重要环节.合理的作业布置可以使教学效果倍增.然而,多年来,英语作业的布置形式单一,多为背诵单词、完成练习等.以护理专业英语会话课程为例,探讨作业布置的多样形式,以期更好地促进专业英语的教学效果提升,同时也为其他英语课程的作业布置一定启发.

对数字化医院在我国护理教育领域中应用所取得的成果和瓶颈进行探讨，重点阐述本院数字化医院护理教学平台的构建设想，包括综合课程改革、信息化平台建设、教师队伍培养、相关制度的建立。

在传统的实践教学中，临床技能训练主要在医院患者身上进行。随着招生规模的不断扩大和医患关系日趋紧张，护理学生临床实践机会越来越少，并且在临床环境中呈现焦虑状态[1-2]。模拟教学作为一种具有实践性、动态性、交互性、协作性的教学策略，已逐渐成为临床医学教学改革中具有广泛前景的教育模式。医学模拟以模拟临床实际情况为前提，利用模拟技术设计并创造出模拟患者和模拟临床场景，代替真实患者进行临床教学和实践，以尽可能贴近临床真实环境和更符合医学伦理学的方式进行医学教学，为医学生提供了更多主动学习的机会，且具有安全、无医疗风险、可以反复应用等优点。临床模拟已应用于临床护士教育多年，但由于花费昂贵、资源短缺、需要较高的指导老师/学生比等原因，使其应用受限。而以计算机技术为基础的虚拟现实模拟（virtual reality simulation, VRS ）技术，作为一种新的护理教育策略，能够更好的满足新时代护理教育挑战。笔者从VRS技术及其在护理教育中的应用进行综述，以供参考。

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Abnormal expression of miRNAs occurs frequently in human tumors. Despite the fact that reduced expression of miR-128 has been observed in glioma tissues and cells, the role of miR-128 in tumors has not been fully characterized. In the present study, cell adhesion assays indicated that overexpression of miR-128 can promote cell-cell adhesion. Target site prediction algorithms indicated that miR-128 binds the 3'-untranslated regions of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor (Eph)B1 and EphB2 mRNAs. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-128 binds and regulates EphB1 and EphB2 mRNAs. Overexpression of EphB2 reduced the ability of miR-128 to promote cell-cell adhesion. The wound-healing assay indicated that miR-128 significantly inhibited cell migration via EphB2. This study revealed the novel functions of miR-128 in cell-cell adhesion and cell migration in glioma cells through the regulation of EphB2, and identified EphB1 and EphB2 as novel miR-128 targets.

Previously, we identified the genetic variant −241 (−/G) (rs11453459) in the PP2A-Aα gene (PPP2R1A) promoter and demonstrated that this variant influences the DNA-binding affinity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In this study, we further confirmed that the transcriptional activity of PPP2R1A may be regulated by NF-κB through the functional genetic variant −241 (−/G). Moreover, we also demonstrated that the methylation status of CpG islands in the promoter of PPP2R1A influences the activity of this gene promoter. Few studies have examined the role of this −241 (−/G) variant in genetic or epigenetic regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To investigate whether this functional variant in the PPP2R1A promoter is associated with the risk of HCC and confirm the function of the −241 (−/G) variant in the HCC population, we conducted a case-control study involving 251 HCC cases and 252 cancer-free controls from a Han population in southern China. Compared with the −241 (−−) homozygote, the heterozygous −241 (−G) genotype (adjusted OR  = 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI)  = 0.17–0.58, P<0.001) and the −241 (−G)/(GG) genotypes (adjusted OR  = 0.38, 95% CI  = 0.22–0.67, P  = 0.001) were both significantly associated with a reduced risk of HCC. Stratification analysis indicated that the protective role of −241 (−G) was more pronounced in individuals who were ≤ 40 years of age, female and HBV-negative. Our data suggest that the transcriptional activity of PPP2R1A is regulated by NF-κB through the −241 (−/G) variant and by the methylation of the promoter region. Moreover, the functional −241 (−/G) variant in the PPP2R1A promoter contributes to the decreased risk of HCC. These findings contribute novel information regarding the gene transcription of PPP2R1A regulated by the polymorphism and methylation in the promoter region through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in hepatocarcinogenesis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate effects of the sesquiterpene lactones(SLs) compound on the induced outcomes of cancer stem cells(CSCs) in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) cells with different levels of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2).METHODS:The background levels of COX-2 mRNA and COX-2 protein were determined by the real time PCR(qRT-PCR) and Western blot in CNEIL and CNE2L cell lines.After treated with different doses of parthenolide(PN),proliferation of cells was determined by MTT assay,the transcription levels of COX-2,ABCG2, BMI1,OCT4 mRNA were determined by qRT-PCR,the relative content of side population(SP) cells was examined by flow cytometry,and the self-renewal and differentiation proliferation of stem-like cells were measured by colony formation assay.RESULTS:The background levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in CNE1L compared with CNE2L cells(P0.05).Compared with control group,in PN-treated group the proliferation inhibition rate was increased in dose-dependent(10-100μmol/L for 24 h) manner(P0.05).The mRNA level of stemness relative genes,including COX-2,ABCG2,BMI1 mRNA was increased in CNEIL cells,but COX-2 mRNA was decreased in CNE2L cells,while the level of OCT4 mRNA was reduced in both cell lines.The SP inhibition rate(%) was also increased with dose-dependent pattern(2.5-40μmol/L for 24 h)(P0.05),and the colony formation was significantly lower(0.25- 1.5μmol/L for 72 h)(P0.05).All the results above were statistically different between CNE1L and CNE2L (P0.05),with effects in CNE1L cell more remarkable.CONCLUSION:There were significantly different effects of PN on the inhibition of CSCs function in different NPC cells.The varied expression of COX-2 between cell lines may be related to the susceptibility.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of protein phosphatase 2A(PP2A)-B56γsubunit (encoded by PPP2R5C gene) overexpression on cadmiun-induced gene transcription and DNA damage in human normal liver L02 cells.METHODS:Cell models were established via stable transfection with overexpression PPP2R5C(L02- 2R5Cc) and null vector pBabe-puro(L02-pBabe).QRT-PCR was used to detect the effects of cadmium and TNFαon PPP2R5C and MT1B mRNA expression.SCGE assay was adopted to evaluate their genotoxicity.The 3×2 factorial analysis experiment was aimed to explore the type of their combined effects.RESULTS:The levels of total and exogenous (PPP2R5C-FLAG) PPP2R5C mRNA were markedly elevated in L02-2R5Cc cells compared with L02-pBabe cells,and reduced by treatments with cadmium and TNFα(P0.05).The level of MTIB mRNA was induced by cadmium but reduced by TNFαand PPP2R5C overexpression(P0.05).Factorial ANOVA analysis revealed that,in terms of the mRNA levels of PPP2R5C and PPP2R5C-FLAG,synergistic enhanced effects were showed between PPP2R5C overexpression and cadmium treatment,also PPP2R5C overexpression and TNFαtreatment(P0.05).While on MT1B mRNA expression,there was antagonistic effect between PPP2R5C overexpression and cadmium as well as between cadmium and TNFα,but synergistic inhibitory effect between PPP2R5C overexpression and TNFα(P0.05).DNA damage was significantly induced by cadmium(P0.05),but not detected by TNFαnor PPP2R5C overexpression(P 0.05).Further factorial analysis suggested synergistic effects were found between cadmium and TNFα,but antagonistic effect between cadmium and PPP2R5C overexpression(P0.05).No interaction was noted between PPP2R5C overexpression and TNFα(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Cadmium suppressed PPP2R5C gene transcription and significantly induced DNA damage.PP2A-B56γoverexpression repressed the genotoxicity induced by cadmium,which was enhanced in the presence of inflammatory factor.

Serine-threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a trimeric holoenzyme that plays an integral role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The substrate specificity and (sub)cellular localization of the PP2A holoenzymes are highly regulated by interaction with a family of regulatory B subunits (PP2A-Bs). The regulatory subunit PP2A-B/PR55δ (PP2A-Bδ) is involving in the dephosphorylation of PP2A substrates and is crucial for controlling entry into and exit from mitosis. The molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of expression of PP2A-Bδ gene (PPP2R2D) remain largely unknown. To explore genetic variations in the 5′-flanking region of PPP2R2D gene as well as their frequent haplotypes in the Han Chinese population and determine whether such variations have an impact on transcriptional activity, DNA samples were collected from 70 healthy Chinese donors and sequenced for identifying genetic variants in the 5′-flanking region of PPP2R2D. Four genetic variants were identified in the 1836 bp 5′-flanking region of PPP2R2D. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns and haplotype profiles were constructed for the genetic variants. Using serially truncated human PPP2R2D promoter luciferase constructs, we found that a 601 bp (−540 nt to +61 nt) fragment constitutes the core promoter region. The subcloning of individual 5′-flanking fragment revealed the existence of three haplotypes in the distal promoter of PPP2R2D. The luciferase reporter assay showed that different haplotypes exhibited distinct promoter activities. The EMSA revealed that the −462 G>A variant influences DNA-protein interactions involving the nuclear factor 1 (NF1). In vitro reporter gene assay indicated that cotransfection of NF1/B expression plasmid could positively regulate the activity of PPP2R2D proximal promoter. Introduction of exogenous NF1/B expression plasmid further confirmed that the NF1 involves in the regulation of PPP2R2D gene expression. Our findings suggest that functional genetic variants and their haplotypes in the 5′-flanking region of PPP2R2D are critical for transcriptional regulation of PP2A-Bδ.