Objective To examine the effect of short-term oversea exchange programs (SOEP) on medical humanities education.Methods The data is collected through study reports,questionnaires and interviews of 51 students majored in clinical medicine in Peking University Health Science Center who participated in SOEP in 2017.The data is analyzed by Nvivo 10 and SPSS 18.0 software.Results Totally 92.2％ (47/51) of the students believe SOEP has positive effect on medical humanities education.The medical humanities education effects of SOEP are mainly shown in the following four aspects:enhance patientcentered service concept [88.2％ (45/51)];improve students' communication skills,including skills to communicate effectively and equally with the patient [82.4％ (42/51)];deepen understanding of medical purposes,ethical issues,and health laws etc.[70.6％ (36/51)];consolidate students' spirit to pursuit medical development and human health and happiness [82.4％ (42/51)].Analysis of study reports and interviews showed that SOEP let students understand different medical culture and medical humanity concept,deepen their awareness of patient-centered care;improve their communication skills while facing the challenge of new environment;start thinking seriously about medical purposes,professional morals,ethics,and health laws etc.;learn faith and principles from oversea senior doctors,and strengthen their pursuit of medicine.Conclusions SOEP played a positive role in developing medical students' humanity and educating comprehensive medical talents.

Objective Peking University Health Science Center,together with Keio University,King's College London and Karolinska Institutet developed a cooperative medical research summer school.It integrates the education methods of lectures,lab rotations and visits etc.,which forms a special model.This study aims to analyze and evaluate the effect,prospect and space for further improvement of the summer school.Methods Program documents review and evaluation,interview and questionnaire survey to teachers as well as students who engaged in such program.Results The sum mer school enhances the research cooperation and communication among faculties and students from participating universities;it is highly appraised by participating teachers and students;students are particularly satisfied in the following aspects:gain knowledge and skills in cross-cultural communication,develop global health knowledge,gain knowledge and skills in research,and also enhance the sense of commitment in research.Conclusions The research summer school can improve the postgrad uate education standard,promote scientific cooperation,and improve students' research capacity.However,there are still some space for further improvement,such as improve the recruitment process;enhance the platform support;strengthen the evaluation,feedback and follow up system;further develop the program in depth and breadth.

Objective To compare the models of receiving overseas exchange students for shortterm clinical rotation in China and other countries,exam Peking University Health Science Center (PUHSC)'s program for receiving oversea exchange students for short-term clinical rotation by using international experiences as a reference,and put forward improving approaches.Methods The data is collected through examination of work-related documents and interview of relevant people;the data is then used to compare the similarities and differences between the models of receiving exchange students for short term clinical rotation in PUHSC and its 22 oversea partner universities.Results PUHSC's program for receiving oversea exchange students for short-term clinical rotation made a good achievement overall,but there are still issues related to program scale,teaching arrangement,application process,program administration,evaluation and accreditation,accommodation arrangement,health and safety etc.PUHSC can learn from international experiences and improve the program through strategies such as set up clinical rotation blocks or terms,clarify application requirements and regulations,establish online application system,include exchange students in the university's students and staffs administration system,improve evaluation and accreditation system,provide more humanistic care,request and exam immunization and health insurance documents so as to strengthen safety management.Conclusions Receiving oversea exchange students for short-term clinical rotation is an important component of medical education internationalization,PUHSC can improve the quality and scale of the program by referencing international experiences.

Objective Examine and evaluate the influences and effects of Short-term Overseas Exchange Program (SOEP) on the medical students' global health capacity development.Methods This study collected data through interview and questionnaire of students participated in SOEP,and review of their exchange reports.The quantitative data was analyzed by using the SPSS 17.0 software.Results SOEP is a useful practice of global health capacity development of medicals students,the effects of which are shown in the following aspects:1.Learn and compare different medical education models; 2.Learn and compare different health care systems and models; 3.Cultivate students' global perspective; 4.Understand the different medical culture and medical humanistic philosophy; 5.Promote personal and career development.Conclusions SOEP has fundamental positive effects on the global health conception and capacities development of medical students.Therefore,SOEP should be promoted,and developed in a healthy,orderly and sustainable manner.

Objective To introduce the new model and management experience of receiving overseas exchange students for short-term clinical clerkship, evaluate the effect of this clerkship on students’ personal growth and career development, find out the existing problems in this program and put forward improving approaches. Methods The data is collected through examination of work-related documents, questionnaires and interviews; the data is then analyzed by using Nvivo10 and SPSS18 software. Results PUHSC adopted the supervision and students volunteer assistance system for receiving overseas exchange students to do clinical clerkships, which solves the problem of language barrier, study guidance, daily life challenge etc quite well. The visiting students are general happy with the program, and think it plays a positive role in areas such as developing their global view and guiding students’ personal growth etc. However, there are still some problems in the program management. Conclusions Receiving oversea exchange students for short-term clinical clerkship in China is an important part of the internationalization of medical education. It is worthy to exam the program, and take effective measures to address the existing issues in order to keep the sustainable development of this program. The improving measures may include: setting up a database of exchange students, long-term funding support, establishing strict applying procedure and management system, providing effective support etc.

本文概述了2000年以来北京大学医学部各类本科生短期境外交流项目的情况,分析了项目对培养医学生全球视角所产生的积极作用.对比国际相关经验,指出项目存在的不足之处并提出改进方案,期望对医学生全球卫生能力建设的研究及项目管理者有借鉴意义.

Overseas exchange of medical students,also called overseas clinical electives,is an inevitable trend of the internationalization of medical education,one of the most important ways to develop capacity in problem-solving for global health as well as a necessary complement to medical education.This paper outlines the meaningful role played by the electives in becoming better clinicians based on the student feedbacks worldwide.It analyses the status quo and existing problems in the implementation of the electives in accordance with the experiences of Peking University Health Science Center.It presents some corresponding approaches to the problems.It aims to help the sustainable development of the electives.

This paper outlines the background of the initiation of MD-PhD Program as well as the evaluation of such program abroad.It analyses the prospects and existing problems of the combined MD-PhD program in China based on the experiences of Peking University Health Science Center.It aims to provide some suggestions for medical education reform in China and some advice for medical students with the ambition to be the nation' s future medical leaders.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate and analyze the occupational hazards of ultraviolet radiation, protective measures and related factors for typical symptoms among workers in electric welding, and to provide basic information for revision of the occupational standards of UV.METHODS:Questionnaires and physical examinations were used in this investigation. A total of 828 workers from four vehicle manufacturers in Beijing and Guangdong Province were selected. Corresponding analyses were conducted with SPSS 16.0 statistic software.RESULTS:The top three injuries of faces and hands were burning tingling (48.7% & 41.3%), itch of skin (39% & 34.9%) and pigmentation (31.9% & 24.5%).The major injuries of eyes were ophthalmodynia (61.5%) , photophobia and tearing (61.4%), and blurred vision (50.2%). The incidences of facial and hands burning tingling, hands flushing, hands macula and papula were significantly different between the welders and auxiliary workers (P<0.05). The differences of facial and hands burning tingling, flushing, facial disesthesia and anaesthesia, symptoms and signs of eyes were significant in different working years groups (P<0.05). The top three usages of protective measures were welding masks (87.2%), gloves (84.3%) and glasses (65.9%). Except for UV cut cream, the usages of other protective equipments in the auxiliary workers were significantly lower than those in the welders (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged exposure to arc welding, using argon arc welding and CO(2) gas shielded arc welding, not wearing welding masks, and not using UV cut cream was significantly associated with the increased risk of face burning tingling, and the ORs were 3.894 (6 h to 8 h), 2.665 (4 h to 6 h), 2.052, 1.765, 1.759, 1.833, respectively; working years might be a protective factor, and the OR was 0.440, respectively.CONCLUSION:The study suggested that the UV radiation produced during welding operations not only caused harm to welders, but also to the auxiliary workers. Protection should be strengthened,for example, wearing welding masks, glasses, etc. Meanwhile automatic welding machines should be adopted by the factories to reduce the exposure time for workers.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the interactive effect of job task and psychosocial factors on the outcomes of musculoskeletal disorders.METHODS:653 workers from different type of manufacturing industries and administration office recruited in a cross-sectional epidemiological survey. The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) was applied to assess the ergonomic load of job task, Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) for identifying psychological characteristics, and Nordic Standardized Questionnaire for investigating outcomes of WMSDs.RESULTS:The prevalence of WMSD in shoulder, upper back, lower back and hand/wrist were significantly different under a variety of combined job task and psychosocial characteristics (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The more physical and psychological loads, the higher prevalence of WMSDs were revealed. By using multivariate analyses, a potential interactive effect was found in terms of the WMSDs symptoms in hand/wrist, shoulder, upper back and lower back after adjusted by work year, age, and gender.CONCLUSIONS:Higher physical load and greater psychosocial risk are more frequent self-reported symptoms of WMSDs than those of lower exposures. Ergonomic intervention strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of WMSDs should not only be focused on control of physical work factors but also psychosocial risks of relevance.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate and analyze present conditions of the assembling line illumination in our country, and to set the recommended values of illuminance standard.METHODS:Questionnaires and field surveys were used in this investigation. A total of 752 workers from seven factories in textile, shoes and electronics industries were selected for the questionnaire survey and site measurement, and corresponding analyses made with SPSS 13.0 statistic software.RESULTS:Uniformity of illumination, definition in working face, general satisfactory degrees, asthenopia were significantly correlated with each other. Assembly line illuminances for five different visual characteristics were recommended in this paper. The illuminances were 500-1 000-1 500 lx, 300-500-1 000 lx, 200-300-750 lx, 100-300-500 lx, 50-100-200 lx, respectively.CONCLUSION:Present conditions of the assembling line illumination are less than satisfactory, uniformity of illumination is on the low side, and there is no assembling line illuminance standard for general satisfactory degrees and asthenopia of workers. The related work should be further improved.