为了解不同基因型甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)响应低温胁迫的分子机制,该研究以低温胁迫4℃处理24 h后的3个不同耐寒性甘蔗品种的叶片为材料进行Illumina HiSeqTM 2000高通量测序,构建了18个低温胁迫前后sRNA文库.结果表明:(1)共获得分属于84个家族的322个已知miRNA及预测得到110个新miRNA,并在已知miRNA中筛选出100个差异表达miRNA(61个上调,39个下调),新miRNA中筛选出37个差异表达miRNA(15个上调,22个下调).(2)利用psRNATarget、TargetFinder、Tapirhybrid软件对所获得的差异表达miRNA进行靶基因预测,得到1844个靶基因并进行GO分析揭示其主要功能类别,即分子功能、细胞组分与生物过程.(3)为验证高通量测序数据的可靠性,筛选14个miRNA及其靶基因进行qRT-PCR验证,结果显示这些miRNA均被检测发现且大多表达结果与测序结果一致.(4)鉴定出部分差异表达miRNA的靶基因,这些基因参与植物生长、发育及低温胁迫反应.综上认为,耐寒型甘蔗体内miRNA直接或间接作用靶基因实现表达调控相关代谢途径,对其重要农艺性状均起着关键的调控作用.

木瓜蛋白酶是来自于热带、亚热带水果番木瓜的蛋白酶,经固定化后可以增强其功能特性,有利于进一步开发与利用.固定化木瓜蛋白酶应用范围广泛,在多个领域中均有应用,但是同时也存在着研究水平较低、应用程度较浅的问题,因此还可以做更深入、全面的开发,将其优秀的酶学性质发挥到各个行业中.本文简述了木瓜蛋白酶的固定化方法及固定化木瓜蛋白酶在食品、医药等行业的应用,以期为木瓜蛋白酶今后的研究与利用提供参考.

牛筋草是禾本科1年生草本植物,广泛分布于温带和热带等光照充足的地区,危害豆类、薯类、蔬菜、果树等旱地作物,已经被列为世界十大恶性杂草之一.本文简述了牛筋草的生物学特性以及在我国危害作物的情况.针对由于长期使用单一农药杀灭杂草,导致防控牛筋草失效的情况,探讨了耕作防控、覆草防控、生草防控、地膜覆盖、化学防控、火焰防控技术防控牛筋草的效果、优缺点及适用情景,以期为牛筋草综合治理提供参考.

乡村振兴战略和"双循环"新发展格局下,广西的战略优势、区位优势均较为突出.热带水果产业集群作为广西农业农村现代化的主攻方向,呈现多业态发展趋势.其中,热带水果产业与生态旅游业的融合最为密切,探寻二者融合发展路径,培育农业产业新业态,在当下具有重要的理论和实践意义.首先分析了广西热带水果产业的发展现状,然后针对当前水果产业与生态旅游业融合发展的条件、成熟度、存在问题,以及现阶段的机遇展开论述.在此基础上,结合相关案例提出广西热带水果产业与生态旅游业融合发展路径及实现模式.

用23对SSR多态性引物对收集的54份油梨种质材料进行PCR扩增,利用Popgene 1.32计算遗传多样性参数,采用NTSYSpc 2.1计算种质间的遗传相似系数,并进行UPGMA聚类分析和主成分分析.结果表明,23对SSR引物共扩增出多态性位点119个,每对引物扩增的多态位点在2?10个之间,平均为5.17个,多态性位点百分比(PPL)为100％;多态性信息量(PIC)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei's基因多样性指数(H)、Shannon's信息指数(I)分别为0.33、1.321 9、0.205 9、0.335 60 54份油梨种质资源的遗传相似系数在0.59～0.97之间,在0.71处可划分为4大类群,Fuerte单独归为第Ⅰ类,Hass、Bacon为第Ⅱ类,第Ⅲ类的种质包括Yl-10、Y3-1、Y6-5、Y10-1,余下47份归为第]类,占参试材料的87.04％,主成分分析结果与聚类分析结果基本一致.

为了解不同基因型甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)响应低温胁迫的分子机制，挖掘耐寒相关的 miRNA及相关靶基因，该文以低温胁迫4 ℃处理 24 h 后的3个不同耐寒性甘蔗品种的叶片为材料进行Illumina HiSeqTM2000 高通量测序，构建18 个低温胁迫前后sRNA文库。结果表明（：1）共获得分属于84个家族的已知miRNA 322个及预测得到110个新miRNA，并在已知 miRNAs中筛选出差异表达miRNA100个(61个上调，39个下调)，新miRNA中筛选出差异表达 miRNA37(15个上调, 22 个下调)。（2）利用 psRNATarget、TargetFinder 和Tapirhybrid软件对所获得的差异表达miRNA进行靶基因预测，预测得到1844个靶基因并进行GO 分析揭示了这些靶基因的3个主要功能类别，即分子功能、细胞组分与生物过程。（3）为验证高通量测序数据的可靠性，筛选 14 个miRNA 及其靶基因进行qRT-PCR 验证，表明这些 miRNA 均被检测发现且大部表达结果与测序结果一致。（4）还鉴定出部分差异表达miRNA的靶基因，这些基因参与植物生长、发育及低温胁迫反应。综上结果表明，耐寒型甘蔗体内 miRNA 直接或者间接作用靶基因实现表达调控相关代谢途径，对其重要农艺性状均起着关键的调控作用。

探讨了根域限制下一年两收夏黑葡萄冬果不同生长势结果枝果实品质的差异.结果 表明,夏黑冬果结果枝生长势越强,枝条粗度越粗,节间长度和叶面积也越大.中等生长势结果枝上的冬果可溶性固形物、总花色苷和总单宁含量显著高于弱、强生长势结果枝上的冬果,可滴定酸含量显著低于强生长势结果枝上的冬果,中等生长势结果枝果实品质最佳.根域限制和非根域限制下一年两收夏黑葡萄冬果生产中宜培养结果枝粗度在0.8～1.0 cm的结果枝来提高果实品质.

为了评价5种常用除草剂对甘蔗新品种桂热2号的安全性,采用盆栽法培养供试靶标,选用5种甘蔗田常用除草剂的3个处理浓度测试其对甘蔗桂热2号安全性.结果 表明:敌草隆、 莠灭净和二甲四氯在供试剂量内对甘蔗桂热2号的株高和鲜重无明显抑制作用.土壤喷雾处理的草甘膦和草铵膦在推荐剂量下对桂热2号和对照品种均无抑制作用.以上结果表明,甘蔗新品种桂热2号相较于主栽品种新台糖22号对5种常用除草剂的耐受性相对较好,尤其对敌草隆、 莠灭净有很好的耐受性.2倍推荐剂量的敌草隆、 莠灭净对桂热2号均比较安全,无药害.

采用PEST分析模型分析讨论了新冠肺炎疫情在政治、经济、社会、技术等方面对广西甘蔗产业的影响.总体上看,疫情防控措施及时到位且持续时间相对较短,对广西甘蔗砍收、传播及榨糖企业生产影响不大,广西顺利完成了本榨季工作,蔗糖产量稳定.疫情在国外蔓延和国内疫情防控要求也给广西蔗糖产业造成了销售不畅、库存积压,春播计划延后和国际供给不确定等不利影响.基于对不良影响的研判,提出了相应的短期和长期措施,以促进甘蔗产业健康发展,力保国家食糖市场平稳供应.

[目的]探索广西气候条件下葡萄夏果采收后叶片光合特性变化,为葡萄栽培模式等理论研究和生产实际提供依据.[方法]以阳光玫瑰葡萄为材料,于2017年葡萄采收后75 d至开始落叶期间定时监测日平均温度、日光照时数和日平均光照度环境参数指标,同时测定第2、4、6、8、10、12和14节位叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值),分别在人工LED光源[红:蓝:白=90:5:5,1200μmol/(m2·s)]和自然光照下,利用CIRAS-3便捷式光合仪测定上述节位叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(E).[结果]葡萄采后75～110 d的日平均温度始终高于20℃、日照时数大于8.0 h、日平均光照度维持在28000.0 lx以上,各节位叶片SPAD值下降缓慢.在人工和自然光源下,总体上表现为采后110 d前高节位(第10、12和14节位)叶片的Pn、Gs和E显著高于基部(第2、4和6节位)叶片(P<0.05),各节位叶片Pn、Gs和E平缓下降;采后110 d后随各环境因子急剧下降,各节位叶片Pn、Gs、E和SPAD值也急剧下降,高、低节位间差距逐渐变小.在人工和自然光源下,随时间推移Ci不断升高,高节位叶片Ci低于基部叶片.[结论]广西南宁地区葡萄采收后4个月内温度和光照均处在较高水平,而葡萄基部叶片长期保持在较低的光合水平,不利于枝梢及叶片养分充分回流,影响第2季植株花芽分化及产量形成.因此,生产上建议去除基部叶片或采用破眠技术使葡萄休眠冬芽萌发新梢开启第2个生长周期,以充分利用桂南下半年丰富的温光资源.

[Objective]The present experiment was conducted to analyze the cultivation characteristics and fruit quali-ty of nine introduced table grape cultivars in Nanning,in order to provide reference for screening suitable table grape culti-var to cultivate in southern area of Guangxi.[Method]The phenophase and growth characteristics of nine table grape culti-vars introduced in Nanning were observed through field observation,including Guanghui,Red Barbra,Zhuosexiang,Zao-heibao,Rizamat,Goldfinger,Moldova,Yellow Italy and Lover. And fruit quality was determined and analyzed in laboratory.[Result]Among the nine introduced table grape cultivars,Yellow Italy,Guanghui,Moldova and Zhuosexiang performed better growth adaptability and bearing habit;their germination rates and bearing branch rates were above 80.0%. However, for the rest five cultivars,flower formations were difficult,and the bearing branch rates were below 60.0%. For the fruit quality,Yellow Italy showed fine comprehensive quality,with soluble solid content reaching 17.36% and total sugar content reaching 254.53 mg/mL. Guanghui exhibited big berry which was 9.99 g and uniform clusters. Zhuosexiang per-formed unique aroma. However,the soluble solid contents of Guanghui,Moldova and Zhuosexiang were low,which was around 15.00%.[Conclusion]Yellow Italy exhibits the most outstanding cultivation characters and fruit quality and can be promoted widely as medium-late maturing cultivar in southern area of Guangxi. Guanghui,Moldova and Zhuosexiang all perform good cultivation characteristics. Guanghui and Moldova can be promoted properly in southern area of Guangxi as early maturing cultivar and medium-late maturing cultivar respectively. Zhuosexiang can be planted in small scale with other main cultivars as early maturing cultivar with characteristics. Red Barbra,Zaoheibao,Rizamat,Goldfinger and Lover are not recommended for promotion and plantation in south area of Guangxi.

[Objective] To study the quality differences between summer fruits and winter fruits of Shine Muscat in Nanning Area at different pruning periods.[Method] The summer fruits of Shine Muscat pruned on February 5th and winter fruits pruned on August 20th and August 29th were taken as the test materials.The panicle weight,single grain weight,soluble solids,total sugar,titratable acid,ratio of acid to solid,and Vc were determined.Quality differences between the summer and winter fruits at different pruning periods were analyzed.[Result] Under the mode of double harvest every year,the quality of the summer fruits were superior than that of winter fruits.The soluble solids,total sugar and Vc content of summer fruits were higher than those of winter fruits.The Vc and solid acid ratio of Shine Muscat pruned on August 29th were higher than those on August 20th,and the titratable acid content was lower.[Conclusion] This research provided theoretical foundation for the enhancement of fruit quality under the mode of double harvest every year.