The morphofunctional features of the ovaries were evaluated in rats with functional ovarian cysts model treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist. Administration of the antagonist significantly ( p =0.009) reduced the number of cysts and the growth of follicles in the ovaries. The obtained results attest to a possibility of successful treatment of functional ovarian cysts with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist.

Secondary corneal dystrophy is a group of diseases characterized by an inflammatory–dystrophic process in the cornea of the eye. This pathology is accompanied by a pronounced pain syndrome and leads to an irreversible decrease in vision, up to complete blindness. To date, many aspects of pathomorphological changes of the cornea in secondary dystrophies remain insufficiently studied due to the impossibility of conducting an intravital study of the cornea tissue. The article presents a case of morphological analysis of a tissue fragment of a pathologically altered cornea in secondary posttraumatic corneal dystrophy. Destructive changes in corneal tissue revealed during light microscopy indicate the presence of signs of fibrinoid swelling in the shell stroma with gross disorganization of the base substance and neovascularization. The study made it possible to correlate the data of pathomorphological changes and the clinical picture, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the chosen method of treatment of this pathology (intrastromal injection of a suspension of autologous mononuclear leukocytes of blood into the stroma of the damaged cornea).

We studied the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), androgen receptor (AR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the ovaries under the conditions of the modeling and subsequent treatment of functional ovarian cysts with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (ant-GnRH). The intensity of IGF-1, LHR, and AR expression in the generative elements of rat ovaries changed under conditions of functional ovarian cysts simulation, as well as during treatment with ant-GnRH. In both experimental groups, the expression levels of the studied markers in preantral follicles and epithelial lining of cysts were found to be related to the number of growing follicles and cysts. A divergence of LHR and AR expression indices and a more pronounced decrease in the number of cystic cavities were observed in the group receiving ant-GnRH. These changes demonstrate a positive effect of ant-GnRH on intra-ovarian regulatory factors and a therapeutic effect in functional ovarian cysts.

Introduction. Oxidative stress is a non-specific pathogenetic link in inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa, which has a destructive effect on its structure and function. In this regard, natural antioxidants such as (p-tyrosol) are of great interest to researchers. The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of p-tyrosol on the morphofunctional changes in the microcirculatory during experimental stomatitis. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on 72 Wistar rats with experimental stomatitis. The animals were divided into four groups, each including 18 subjects: the control (intact rats; group 1 with the burn and no treatment (group 2), with the burn and subsequent administration of p-tyrosol (group 3), and with the burn and subsequent administration of Lidocaine + Chamomile flower extract (group 4). Results. The animals of group 3 had the smallest values of the altered vessels, the precapillary diffusion index and the Kernogan index on days 3, 7, and 12. On the contrary, the numerical density of the unchanged arterioles, venules, and capillaries was the greatest. VEGF expression was detected in group 3 on days 7 and 12, and in group 4, on day 12, thus indicating a more intense angiogenesis. Conclusion. On the background of p-tyrosol administration, there is an increased blood supply in the treated area due to the following factors: a growing density of unchanged microvessels, the germination of the ves-sels in the treated area, and induced angiogenesis.

The liver is a complex metabolic organ that, through the regulation of energy metabolism, maintains the homeostasis of the whole organism. Aim : To establish the morphological changes in hepatocytes and the expression of endothelial vascular factor in a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (HCHFD) depending on age. Material and Methods . A histological study of the liver was carried out in four groups of male Wistar rats: 1 st group – 5-month-old animals on a standard diet; 2 nd group – 5-month-old animals on HCHFD for 90 days (from 2 months of age); 3 rd group – 18-month-old animals on a standard diet; 4 th group – 18-month-old animals on HCHFD for 90 days (from 15 months of age). Using morphometric methods, the specific volumes (%) of unchanged and binuclear hepatocytes, sinusoidal capillaries, inflammatory infiltrates, and foci of fibrosis in the liver were determined. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endothelial cells and hepatocytes was evaluated by immunohistochemical method. The concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides was determined by the enzymatic colorimetric method in the blood serum and in the liver. Results . A morphological study revealed a significant expansion of sinusoidal capillaries in groups 2 and 4. A statistically significant increase in the specific volume of hepatocytes with vacuolar inclusions, binuclear hepatocytes, fibrous foci and small inflammatory infiltrates was detected in the 4 th group. VEGF expression increased in hepatocytes of groups 2 and 4. Biochemical study found an increase in the concentration of triglycerides in the rats’ liver of the 4 th group. Thus, HCHFD, despite the pronounced signs of regeneration, increased age-related changes in the liver of old rats.

The increase in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders associated with longevity actualizes the study of the effect of high-calorie diets on heart aging. Aim : the experimental study of the effect of a high-carbohydrate hig -fat diet on the myocardium in young and old age. Material and Methods . A morphological study of the myocardium was carried out in four groups of male Wistar rats: group 1 - 150-day-old animals were kept on a standard diet; 2nd - 150 days, kept at a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (HCHFD) for 90 days (from 60 days of age); 3rd - 540 days old, kept on a standard diet; 4th - 540 days old, kept at HCHFD for 90 days (from 450 days of age). ELISA method in blood serum was used to determine the concentration of fibronectin, transforming growth factor beta-1, connective tissue growth factor. Results . In groups 2-4, leukostasis, focal lympho-monocytic infiltration of the myocardial stroma, an increase in the number of myocardial cells with karyopyknosis and edema of the perinuclear zone of the sarcoplasm, contracture disorders, and an increase in the specific volume of the connective tissue of the stroma were detected. The defeat of myocardial cells and fibrosis were most pronounced in group 4. HCHFD increased the concentration of fibronectin in animals in both age groups with predominance in group 4, caused a tendency to increase the content of transforming growth factor beta-1, connective tissue growth factor in blood serum. Thus, HCHFD accelerates and enhances age-related changes in the white rat myocardium.

Aim. To identify the structural foundations of the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and kidney disease associated with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet and age.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats aged 60 and 450 days. The animals were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (n = 14) – intact rats (60 days old) fed with a standard diet for 90 days; group 2 (n = 14) – rats (aged 60 days) receiving a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for 90 days; group 3 (n = 14) – intact rats (aged 450 days) receiving a standard diet for 90 days; group 4 (n = 14) – rats (aged 450 days) fed with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for 90 days. Clinical and instrumental research methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry and histology techniques were used in the study.Results. Feeding 60-day-old animals with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet resulted in an increase in body weight and abdominal fat, a rise in systolic blood pressure, and moderately pronounced histologic changes in the kidneys. In intact 450-day-old rats, age-related changes prevailed: changes in the myocardial mass, an increase in TGF-β1, morphological changes in the renal tubules and glomeruli. In 450-day-old rats receiving a high-fat, highcarbohydrate diet, the most pronounced increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, a significant rise in serum fibronectin, and destructive changes in the renal tissue were noted.Conclusion. Functional and biochemical signs of arterial hypertension and morphological changes in the kidneys were the most pronounced in 450-day-old rats fed with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.

Aim. To study the effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on retinal morphology of young and old rats in the experiment.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats aged 60 and 450 days at the beginning of the experiment. The animals were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (n = 14) included intact rats aged 150 days at the end of the experiment; group 2 (n = 14) encompassed rats (60 days old) fed with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFHCD) for 90 days; group 3 (n = 14) included intact rats (450 days old) receiving a standard diet for 90 days; group 4 (n = 14) included rats (450 days old) fed with HFHCD for 90 days. Immunoassay and histology were used in the work.Results. HFHCD resulted in an increase in glucose concentration in animals of both age groups. In old animals, it caused a pronounced increase in the content of insulin, TGFβ, and fibronectin in the blood serum, neovascularization of outer retinal layers, as well as karyopyknosis and death of neurosensory cells, leading to destruction of photoreceptors and drastic thinning of the outer nuclear and outer plexiform layers. In young rats fed with HFHCD, no pronounced histologic disorders of the retina were noted.Conclusion. HFHCD enhances age-related retinal changes in old (450-day-old) rats.

Objective: to study the morphological features of formation of the eyeball orbital stump using a titanium nickelide tissue-engineered construct and a suspension of autologous blood mononuclear leukocytes in vivo. Materials and methods. Experiments were performed on 54 sexually mature Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g. The animals were divided into 3 groups, depending on type of surgical intervention: group 1 (n = 18) consisted of animals in which eyeball orbital stump was formed after evisceroenucleation through implantation of a titanium nickelide tissue-engineered construct and a suspension of autologous blood mononuclear leukocytes in the scleral sac; group 2 (n = 18) – the eyeball orbital stump was formed through implantation of titanium nickelide tissue-engineered construct in the scleral sac; group 3 (n = 18) – orbital stump was formed using an Alloplant implant. Results. It was established that in group 1 rats, on day 7 following surgery, the specific volume of connective tissue was 7.9 times (рU = 0.048) higher than in group 2 rats and 15.8 times (рU = 0.039) higher than in group 3 rats. On day 14 after surgery, the volume of connective tissue in the eyeball orbital stump of group 1 rats reached the highest value compared to that in the other groups. The numerical density of newly formed vessels in the eyeball orbital stump of group 1 rats, starting from day 14 after surgery up to the end of experiment (day 21), was statistically significantly higher than that in the other groups. Moreover, on day 21, this indicator was 4.0 times (рU = 0.001) higher in group 1 rats than in group 2 rats and 9.8 times (рU = 0,0003) higher than in group 3 rats. Conclusion. Implantation of titanium nickelide tissue-engineered construct and a suspension of autologous blood mononuclear leukocytes into the scleral sac after evisceroenucleation in an in vivo experiment leads to accelerated maturation of the connective tissue and intensive vascularization in the eyeball orbital stump. This ensures strong fixation of the implant and reduces risk of rejection.

АННОТАЦИЯС целью изучения экспрессии фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGF), костного морфогенетического протеина -15 (BMP-15) и коннексина -37 (Cx-37) в яичниках крыс с моделью функциональных кист яичников и при их коррекции был проведен эксперимент на половозрелых белых крысах-самках линии Wistar.Группа I (основная, n = 25) -моделирование функциональных кист яичников (введение фолликулостимулирующего гормона) с последующим лечением бевацизумабом.Группа II (сравнения, n = 35) -моделирование функциональных кист яичников без последующего лечения.Группа контроля (n = 20) -интактные животные.Крысы выводились из эксперимента на 7, 15, 30-е сутки.Проведено иммуногистохимическое исследование экспрессии VEGF, BMP-15, Cx-37.Моделирование функциональных кист яичников у белых крыс сопровождалось увеличением удельного объема сосудов в яичниках, усилением экспрессии VEGF в стенке кисты, избыточной стимуляцией фолликулогенеза, сопровождавшейся усилением экспрессии BMP-15 и Cx-37 на ранних сроках эксперимента.Введение ингибитора сосудисто-эндотелиального фактора роста вызывало уменьшение количества и удельного объема кист, снижение экспрессии VEGF и приближение удельного объема сосудов и экспрессии VEGF к значениям контрольной группы на 15-е сутки.К 30-м суткам экспрессия BMP-15 и Cx-37 не отличалась от показателей группы интактного контроля.Таким образом, введение бевацизумаба ускоряет регресс функциональных кист яичников за счет снижения васкуляризации в стенке кисты, сопровождающейся снижением экспрессии VEGF.Выявленное уменьшение количества растущих фолликулов, усиление процессов атрезии в фолликулах и изменение экспрессии факторов овосоматического взаимодействия (BMP-15, Cx-37) имеют кратковременный характер.

The purpose of research is study the features of the flow of reparative regeneration of the cornea in an experiment in vivo with induced bullous keratopathy after the introduction of a suspension of autologous mononuclear leukocytes in the posterior third of the corneal stroma. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 27 chinchilla rabbits (27 eyes). At the first stage of the experiment all animals were reproduced the model of corneal bullous keratopathy by mechanical damage and removal of its endothelial layer. At the second stage, 2 weeks after the development of the disease, the animals were divided, depending on the planned treatment, into 2 groups: the main, 12 animals once in the back third of the corneal stroma were administered a suspension of autologous mononuclear leukocytes; comparisons, 12 animals were treated by conservative therapy. Results. Reproduction of in vivo bullous keratopathy of the cornea by mechanical damage and removal of its endothelial layer is accompanied by rapid (within 2 weeks) the development of the disease with diffuse hydropic degeneration of the anterior epithelium, marked edema of the stroma with the bundle of collagen fibers. On the experimental model of the bullous keratopathy of cornea it was found that the introduction of a suspension of autologous mononuclear leukocytes in the posterior third of the corneal stroma in the treatment of the disease provides rapid (1.5 times) dehydration of the stroma, reduces the number of dystrophic cells in the anterior epithelium by 1.2 times compared with conservative treatment. The period of restoration of the normal thickness of the corneal slice in animals of the main group is reduced by 1.4 times. The conclusion. The introduction of autologous mononuclear leukocytes suspension into the posterior third of the corneal stroma in the treatment of experimental bullous keratopathy of cornea induces reparative regeneration, accelerating the restoration of damaged corneal structures and preventing its neovascularization.

ВЛИЯНИЕ БЕВАЦИЗУМАБА НА РЕГРЕСС ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ КИСТД. А

Objectives.Structural changes of the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers of the retina in white mongrel male rats (n = 60) were studied with the combined effects of ionizing radiation at a dose of 5, 10, 15 Gr and light (3500 Lux, 48 h).Results.The study showed that the reactions of neurons of the inner nuclear and ganglionic layers after the X-ray and combined layers depended on the dose, such changes as vacuolization and destruction of organelles occurred and are most pronounced when combined with ionizing radiation at a dose of 15 Gr and light.An analysis of the number of hyperchromic neurons of the internal nuclear and ganglionic layers showed that after the end of exposure to ionizing radiation at doses of 10, 15 Gr, the amount of hyperchromic cells was much larger than the control values (p <0.05).After the end of the combined irradiation of ionizing radiation at a dose of 10, 15 Gr and high-intensity light, this index decreased, that indicated the failure of compensatory and adaptive mechanisms with an increase in the radiation dose and the intensification of the destruction processes.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of the use of n-tyrosol (extract of rhodiola rosea) in the form of gel on the mucous membrane of the lip in rats with experimental stomatitis.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on 54 white male rats weighing 220–280 g. The animals were divided into three groups: control, experimental for comparison and experimental main. When modeling chemical stomatitis in rats by applying 5% solution of caustic sodium to the mucous membrane of the lip, the development of inflammation was observed. The local application of the gel based on n-tyrosol was carried out three times a day for 12 days.Histological and macroscopic examination was performed on the 3rd, 7th and 12th days. The extent of damage was recorded by measuring the area of the lesion in square millimeters (mm2 ). At the same time a control material was taken and was fixed in formalin, embedded into paraffin, stained with hematoxylin and eosin by Van Gieson. Specific areas of dense unformed connective tissue, lymphomonocytic infiltration, granulation tissue were determined in the lesion and surrounding tissues; the numerical density of the vessels was determined in 1 mm2 . The data obtained during the study of the dynamics of healing were averaged in the groups mentioned above and subjected to statistical processing using nonparametric (Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon) methods using the computer program Statistica 8.0.Results. On the 12th day, the area of the lesions was more than twice as large as the surface of burn surfaces, on which the gel with n-tyrosol was used. The use of n-tyrosine-based gel applications reduced by half the specific area of lymphomonocytic infiltration in the surrounding tissues and in the lesion itself, and promoted a more rapid maturation of the connective tissue. Quantitative analysis revealed that the use of the gel with n-tyrosol stimulated the proliferation of granulation and connective tissue, as well as the growth of newly formed vessels in the burn area. Thus, topical application of the n-tyrosine-based gel helped to reduce the inflammatory response and stimulated the regeneration process.

FUNDAMENTAL AND CLINICAL MEDICINE Редакционный советАкадемик РАН, проф.В.Г.Акимкин (Москва, Россия) Проф.М. Абу-Абддаллах (Ливан

An infective background during pregnancy may have a negative impact on the proper metabolism of the placenta and promote it adaptive compensatory reactions. Typical adaptive compensatory reactions, which realized by terminal NAPs angiomatosis, forming uric syncytial and development of true syncytial capillary membranes were determined in Chlamydia trachomatis contamination of the lower genital tract in placenta of all studied groups .

Aim. To study the morphofunctional state of ovaries after the introduction of recombinant FSH. Materials and methods. Two groups of mature female Wistar rats were used in the study. The experimental group consisted of 35 rats with a model of follicular ovarian cysts, while 25 rats were in the control group. Rats were taken out of the experiment on days 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60. Paraffin slides of ovaries were stained with hematoxylin and eosin by Van Gieson. Histological and morphometric investigations were performed. Results. On day 7 of FSH administration, the maximum increase in the size of the ovaries was observed due to the formation of single-cell follicular cysts. Rats in the experimental group showed a marked decrease in the number of growing follicles on day 7 and 15. The increase in atretic bodies and follicles in comparison with the control group was observed on day 7 and lasted until the end of the experiment. Additionally, on day 7 of the experiment, hyperemia and vasoconstriction were noted. The number of yellow bodies decreased during the experiment, and an increase in collagen formation occurred starting from day 15 of the experiment. Conclusion. The introduction of follicle-stimulating hormone for 7 days leads to disruption of folliculogenesis, strengthening of atresia in the ovaries, and the formation of functional cysts.