目的 研究青龙衣(核桃Juglans regiaL未成熟果实的外果皮)氯仿部位的化学成分.方法 青龙衣甲醇提取物的氯仿萃取部位经大孔树脂初步分离后采用各种柱色谱法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及1H-NMR、13C-NMR等波谱数据鉴定结构.结果 从青龙衣氯仿部位中分离并鉴定了11个化合物,分别是过氧化麦角甾醇(1)、7,22-二烯-3,5,6-三羟基-麦角甾烷(2)、齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、齐墩果酸(4)、常春藤苷元(5)、核桃素B(6)、丁香酸(7)、大黄酚(8)、4,8-二羟基四氢萘酮(9)、β-谷甾醇(10)、胡萝卜苷(11).结论 化合物1、2、3为首次从该属植物中分离得到,8、9和11是首次从该种植物中分离得到.

Objective To optimize the best macroporous resin through static adsorption and desorption and establish enrich-ment process of juglone-constituents from Qinglongyi with the transfer rate of juglone constituents as the index. Methods The static adsorption and desorption of four different resins with different polarity to juglone-constituents from Qinglongyi were compared. AB8 resin was selected as the best resin. Results The craft parameters of the best resin were optimized,and the results were as follows:initial concentration was 0.0760 g/ml,the pH was 2.0,the flow rate of adsorption was 3BV/h,the elution concentration of ethanol was 70%,the elution volume was 3BV,the desorption flow rate was 2BV/h,and the ratio of diameter to height was 1:10. After the process of optimization,the content of juglone-constituents from Qinglongyi increased from 1.026% to 11.08% and the transfer rate was 72.08%. Conclusion The AB8 macroporous resin could be used to enrich and purify juglone-constituents from the Qinglongyi.

The total polyphenols from Juglans regia L.was enriched with macroporous resin.The optimal macroporous resin was selected after the static adsorption and desorption tests,with which to optimize the separation process of total polyphenols from J.regia.The parameters of concentration,pH value,bed volume and flow velocity from the sample liquid,as well as the parameters of concentration,bed volume,flow velocity and the ratio of diameter to height(D/H)from the eluant were observed with the optimal macroporous resin.The results showed that the AB-8 macroporous resin had good qualities of adsorption and desorption.The preferr ed condition for the procedure was as follows:the concentration of sample liquid was 0.070 g/mL,pH =4.0,the bed volume =1 BV,the flow rate of adsorption =3 BV/h,the volume of water to remove impurities was 3 BV;70％ ethanol was taken as the eluant,bed volume =2 BV,t he flow rate of desorption =2 BV/h and D/H =1∶ 8.Under this condition,the content of total polyphenols had been increased from 0.13％ to 52.09％.The AB-8 macroporous resin could be effectively applied to purify the total polyphenols from J.regia.

本文探索构建了一套以“实验技能培养→集中实习实践→科研创新训练→专业综合实践”为基本构成模块,涵盖第一、第二和第三课堂,跨越大学一年级至四年级,具有“理论与实践、知识与技能、夯实基础与创新提高三结合”教学特色,全方位,多手段,分层递进式的中药学专业本科生实践技能培养模式.多年实践表明,该模式对于培育学生的实践创新精神和创新能力,提升人才培养质量起到了明显促进作用,对中药学专业本科生实践技能培养和提高也具有示范作用.

从高等职业教育对人才培养的具体要求出发,分析高职中药专业人才培养中存在的主要问题;构建了适用于高职中药专业的“三明治”人才培养模式,并对该模式在北京中医药大学的实施过程及效果进行了总结;探讨了模式的应用前景、实施中潜在的问题及解决办法.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of the hydrolyzed tannins from Juglans regia L ..Methods Gallic acid as a reference compound .UVspectrophotometry was used for the determination of the hydrolyzed tannins from Juglans regia L ..The modified Folin‐Ciocalteu method was set up ,then it was used to determine the contents of both the un‐hydrolyzed tannins and the hydrolyzed tannins .Results The standard curve equation was :Y=151 .8X+0 .041 ,and gallic acid was linear in the range of 0 .992‐4 .960 μg · mL -1 ,r=0 .999(n=6) .The optimal conditions for determining the hydrolyzed tannins from Juglans regia L .were as followed :1 .0 mL of the sample ,1 .5 mL of F‐C reagent ,10 mL of water ,with 70 g · L -1 sodium carbonate solution to the volume ,treatment at 30 ℃ for 1 .5 h .Conclusion This method is simple ,accurate ,stable and repeatable .It has universal applicability for the determination of both the un‐hydrolyzed tannins and the hydrolyzed tannins .

通过调查分析《方剂学》在中药专业学生就业中的地位和作用及中药学通用人才的需求，采用经验总结法、文献研究法、调查法、个案研究法和统计分析法等方法，进行中药专业《方剂学》教学改革的研究，结论是《方剂学》基本核心知识不变，但在具体方剂的选择以及主方附加内容的选择上进行改革，以期更加适合临床药师、药店零售药师、医院药师以及新药开发等岗位的需求。

Student status is an important part of university educational management,and it is also an important aspect of the guarantee system of teaching quality.The article,according to the situation of the higher education development,probeo into the problems of student status management and puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the management.

Specialty construction is one of the important contents in teaching reform movement.Aiming at the Traditional Chinese Medicine specialty actuality of higher vocational education,the article analyzed the main issue of TCM specialty construction and some constructive suggestions for strengthening talents training were also proposed.

中药煮散是将中药饮片制成细粉或粗粉,加水煎煮,去渣或连渣服用的一种制药技术。有学者认为,煮散兼具汤剂与散剂的特点,从原药材加工和用量小方面考虑,可归为散剂,但从需水煎方面考虑,则保持了汤剂的特点。因此中药煮散剂型具有散剂与汤剂的二重性[1]。中药煮散历史悠久,具有剂量

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to optimize the testing methods for seed quality, and to provide a basis for establishing seed testing rules and quality grading standard of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.METHOD:Referring to the International Seed Testing Rules made by ISTA and Rules for agricultural seed testing (GB/T 3543-1995) issued by China, the seed quality of G. uralensis from different collection areas was measured.RESULT AND CONCLUSION:The seed testing methods for quality items of G. uralensis, including sampling, purity analysis, verification of genuineness, weight of 1 000 seeds, percentage germination, moisture content and seed viability of G. uralensis had been initially established.

目的:制定益母草种子质量分级标准.方法:测定不同来源的30份益母草种子发芽率、千粒重、水分和净度等指标,应用SPSS16.0软件,对上述指标数据进行标准化变换后,应用K类中心聚类分析,制定分级标准.结果:益母草种子质量分为3个等级,一级益母草种子发芽率≥84%,千粒重≥1.15 g,水分≤6.8%,净度≥97%;二级益母草种子发芽率≥8%,千粒重≥0.95 g,水分≤8.3%,净度≥90%;三级益母草种子发芽率≥35%,千粒重≥0.78 g,水分≤8.8%,净度≥82%.结论:此方法制定的质量分级标准科学、可行,可作为益母草种子的质量控制标准.

Objective: The aim of this study was to optimize the testing methods of seed quality, and provide a basis for establishing seed testing rules and quality grading standard of Anemarrhena asphodeloides.Methods:Referring to the Rules for agricultural seed testing(GB/T 3543-1995) issued by China, the items including purity analysis, weight of 1 000 seeds, verification of genuineness, moisture content, percentage germination, seed viability have been tested. Results and Conclusion:Based on the study of these items, the seed testing methods of Anemarrhena asphodeloides have been initially established.

<正>1培养临床中药师的必要性自古以来,我国医药不分家,医师根据临床治疗的需要进行处方筛选、剂型设计,甚至亲自制备。但是随着中医药事业的发展,学科分工越来越精细,中医临床和中药生产逐渐脱节,医生只负责诊断疾病和立法处方,中药师只是在医院制剂室中负责药品调配,对于处方用药、剂量是否合理,药物间

This paper aimed to understand the general situation of thousand-grain weight(TGW) and germination of Anemarrhena asphodeloides seeds from different areas.And the correlation of TGW,germination and seeds,which are sold in the Anguo Herb Market and in Anemarrhena asphodeloides production areas,were studied respectively.Routine method was adopted in the survey and analysis of TGW and germination of Anemarrhena asphodeloides seeds with mathematical statistical methods.Anemarrhena asphodeloides seeds with favorable general situation,equal TGW and germination,were divided into 30 portions.Among 30 portions,consistent quality was evaluated from seeds of 15 portions from the Anguo Herb Market and the other 15 portions from production areas.The result of comparative analysis showed that negative correlation was found between TGW and germination.However,no obvious relativity has been detected between TGW and germination.It is concluded that Anemarrhena asphodeloides seeds purchased from the market are usually old ones.The seed quality from production areas is better.So it is suggested is to purchase Anemarrhena asphodeloides seeds from its production area.

‘Jing Ou 2’is a new middle-ripening Chinese dwarf cherry cultivar which is selected from seed seedlings in 1999,with the average single fruit weight 6.1 g,juice production 81.5%,the content of soluble solids 14.7%,soluble sugars 7.54%,total acids 1.32%,sugars and acids ratio 5.71,calcium 262 mg · kg-1,vitamin C 449 mg · kg-1,and total amino acids 5.22 g · kg-1.The fruits ripen in the last ten days of July in Beijing areas.

'Jingou 1' is a new early-ripening Chinese dwarf cherry cultivar which is derived from seedlings in 1999, with the average single fruit weight 6.2 g, juice production 82.4%, the content of soluble solids 15.4%, soluble sugars 7.85%, total acids 1.12%, sugars and acids ratio 7.01, calcium 249 mg · kg-1, vitamin C 380 mg · kg-1, and total amino acids 5.13 g · kg-1. The fruits ripen in mid-July in Beijing areas.

Effects of low light intensity on growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites of a medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. were investigated. Hydroponic-cultivated one year-old rhizome seedlings were grown under three low irradiances, 200, 100, and 50 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) for 135 days. Control plants were cultured under natural light conditions. Low light intensity stress decreased leaf thickness, photosynthesis and biomass, but increased leaf area and chlorophyll concentrations. Low light intensity also significantly increased accumulation of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in the root, while the maximum values of both secondary metabolites were obtained under an irradiance of 100 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). Concentrations of both secondary metabolites were negatively correlated with root biomass. The results suggested that G. uralensis could endure an environment with low light intensity and suitable light control might increase the secondary metabolite contents within agroforestry systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objective:To determine the best testing methods of germination and viability of Leonurus japonicus Houtt.seed.Methods:The best seed germination conditions determined by the effect of the different germination beds and temperature on germination rate,germination potential,and germination index;the best seed viability testing method determined by the effect of TCC concentration,dye time,and temperature on seed dye rate.Results:The best seed germination conditions were temperature 25 ℃ and filter paper as germination bed;the best seed viability testing conditions were TCC dye time 5 h,TCC concentration 0.2 %,and temperature 35 ℃.Conclusion:These testing methods could provide helps for the establishment of testing rules and quality standard of Leonurus japonicus Houtt.seed.