Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is a glycophyte that can be easily poisoned by salt toxicity. 1’,4’- trans -diol-ABA is a crucial precursor in the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) in fungi that may alleviate salt stress in plants; however, the role of this compound on salt tolerance in rice has not yet been reported. In the present study, 1’,4’- trans -diol-ABA was applied to rice seedling varieties “Huanghuazhan” (HHZ) and “Xiangliangyou 900” (XLY900) to investigate the resulting tolerance against saline stress. Results demonstrated that salinity stress reduced the growth parameters of seedlings of two rice cultivars, made lower photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters. The salt treatment also increased the concentration and Na + content of malondialdehyde (MDA) of two rice cultivars, and decreased the catalase (CAT) activity, ascorbyl peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) of rice seedlings of two varieties. The results showed that the exogenous addition of 1’,4’- trans -diol-ABA decreased salt-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative stress and improved the morphological characteristics of both rice cultivars, compared to cultivars without the addition of 1’,4’- trans -diol-ABA. Furthermore, changes in different phytohormones in rice seedlings were triggered by 1’,4’- trans -diol-ABA treatment. Simultaneously, the Na + /K + ratios in the shoots and roots of treated plants were lower than in the non-treated plants, which may be due to the higher K + concentration observed in treated plants under saline water irrigation conditions. In conclusion, this study revealed that 1’,4’- trans -diol-ABA may perform a significant function in increasing crop salt-stress tolerance.

Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) has been proved to play an important role in releasing abiotic stress in plants. However, there is still a lack of research on the mechanism of Pro-Ca alleviating salt stress in rice. To explore the protective effects of Pro-Ca on rice seedlings under salt stress, we investigated the effect of exogenous Pro-Ca on rice seedling under salt stress by conducting the following three treatment experiments: CK (control), S (50 mmol·L −1 NaCl saline solution) and S + Pro-Ca (50 mmol·L −1 NaCl saline solution + 100 mg·L −1 Pro-Ca). The results indicated that Pro-Ca modulated the expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (such as SOD2 , PXMP2 , MPV17 , E1 . 11 . 1 . 7 ). Spraying Pro-Ca under salt stress significantly increased in ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase activity by 84.2%, 75.2%, and 3.5% as compared to the salt treatment, as demonstrated by an example of a 24-hour treatment. Malondialdehyde level in Pro-Ca was also dramatically decreased by 5.8%. Moreover, spraying Pro-Ca under salt stress regulated the expression of photosynthesis genes (such as PsbS , PsbD ) and chlorophyll metabolism genes ( heml , PPD ). Compared to salt stress treatment, spraying Pro-Ca under salt stress significantly increased in net photosynthetic rate by 167.2%. In addition, when rice shoots were sprayed with Pro-Ca under salt stress, the Na + concentration was considerably reduced by 17.1% compared to salt treatment. In conclusion, Pro-Ca regulates antioxidant mechanisms and photosynthesis to aid in the growth of rice seedlings under salt stress.

With the increasingly severe problem of soil salinization worldwide, exploring the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance of super hybrid rice has become an important scientific issue. In this study, the super hybrid rice Chaoyou1000 was used as the focus of attention, and the conventional rice Huanghuazhan was used as the control to explore the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in super hybrid rice. The joint analysis of tran-scriptome and metabolome found 4661 DEGs, of which 2130 were up-regulated and 2531 were down-regulated; 70 named differential metabolites were found in the positive ion mode, and 32 were found in the negative ion mode. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the carbohydrate metabolism-related pathways enriched by DEGs and differential metabolites were "starch and sucrose metabolism", "galactose metabolism", "glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism", and "citrate cycle (TCA cycle)". Specifically, we found that some critical genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, such as LOC4330753, LOC4325448, and LOC4341069, were up-regulated; some key metabolites, such as cis-aconitate, sucrose, and raffinose, were up-regulated. The difference in the expressions of these critical genes and metabolites between the two varieties is one of the most important reasons for the high resistance of Chaoyou1000. In addition, this study found that a large number of DEGs had a strong correlation with D-pipecolic acid, niveusin C, Gly-Val Ala-Ile, 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol 1 '-glucoside, 2,6-dimethyl-7-octene-1,6-diol 8-O-glucoside, (+)-syringaresinol, 2-indanone, 2-keto-6-acetamidocaproate, 3-dehy-droquinate, IRETOL, and estrone glucuronide, suggesting that these genes and corresponding metabolites may exist with functional associations and regulatory relationships. The results of this study will provide a reference for the breeding of salt-tolerant rice.

为探讨盐胁迫下脱落酸(ABA)浸种的最适浓度及其对水稻孕穗期生长和生理代谢的影响,本试验以前期筛选出的耐盐水稻品种FL478和盐敏感型品种万胜A为材料,研究了盐胁迫下不同浓度(2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0 mg/L)ABA浸种对水稻萌芽期根长和芽长以及用ABA最适浓度浸种后对孕穗期生理特性的影响.结果表明,2.5和5.0 mg/L ABA浸种均能有效增加盐胁迫下水稻萌芽期的根长和芽长,其中5.0 mg/L ABA显著增加了 FL478根长及万胜A的芽长,因此5.0 mg/LABA为最佳浸种浓度.盐胁迫降低了 2个水稻品种孕穗期的叶片相对含水量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素等光合色素含量,增强了叶片的超氧化物气化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化氢酶(APX)等保护酶活性;经5.0 mg/LABA浸种处理后,提高了孕穗期叶片相对含水量、光合色素和可溶性蛋白含量,显著提高了 FL478的POD、CAT活性以及万胜A的APX活性,并降低了 2个水稻品种的MDA含量.因此,在盐胁迫下,5.0 mg/L ABA浸种能有效促进水稻萌芽期的生长及改善孕穗期的生理特性.

Waterlogging is a major limiting factor in global crop production and seriously endangers growth and yield improvement in low-lying, rainfed regions. Soybean is an important economic crop affected by waterlogging stress. The current study investigates the effects of waterlogging stress on the leaf physiology and yield of two soybean varieties (Kenfeng 14, waterlogging-tolerant and Kenfeng 16, waterlogging-sensitive) and the mitigation effect of uniconazole (S3307) in promoting growth and productivity under waterlogging conditions. The results showed that waterlogging stress increased antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as AsA and GSH. Furthermore, the content of MDA and H2O2 increased significantly, indicating oxidative stress and O2-· production rate also improved, and the increase in the waterlogging-sensitive variety Kenfeng 16 was greater than that of the waterlogging-tolerant variety Kenfeng 14. Spraying S3307, however, increased the activities of antioxidants such as SOD, POD, CAT, and APX. GR, MDHAR, and DHAR increased the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants, effectively inhibited the increase of MDA, H2O2 content, and O2-· production rate, and alleviated the loss of yield factors caused by waterlogging stress. The waterlogging-tolerant variety Kenfeng 14 recovered better than the waterlogging-sensitive variety Kenfeng 16. In summary, S3307 ameliorated the effects of waterlogging stress on the physiological characteristics of soybean leaves and improved yield as a result of improved antioxidant defense mechanisms that impeded lipid peroxidation. Thus, S3307 could decelerate the damages caused by waterlogging stress to some extent.

为了研究吲哚丁酸钾(IBA-K)在减轻干旱对大豆根系的伤害中的作用,以垦丰16(干旱敏感型)和合丰50(耐旱型)为材料,采用盆栽法研究IBA-K拌种对两个品种大豆在正常供水、干旱和复水条件下根系形态建成及生理代谢的影响.结果表明,与正常供水相比,干旱胁迫抑制了大豆根系的生长发育,而IBA-K处理后,大豆根系干物质积累量、形态建成、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量在不同土壤水分条件下均高于其干旱对照,膜受损程度减轻.IBA-K处理下,大豆根系SOD活性、POD活性、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量在干旱条件下均显著高于其干旱对照;MDA含量、相对电导率显著低于其干旱对照.IBA-K处理下的两个品种大豆根表面积、根平均直径、根体积、POD活性和CAT活性在复水条件下分别高于其干旱对照,均未达到显著性差异.复水后,IBA-K处理下的垦丰16根干重和总根长分别较其干旱对照显著增加了3.13％和24.51％,合丰50根干重和总根长较其干旱对照未达到显著性差异.IBA-K处理下的合丰50相对电导率和MDA含量分别较其干旱对照显著降低11.80％和15.09％,SOD活性和可溶性糖含量分别较其干旱对照显著增加14.90％和3.94％,垦丰16相对电导率、MDA含量、SOD活性和可溶性糖含量较其干旱对照未达到显著性差异.IBA-K处理下的两个品种大豆根系脯氨酸含量分别较其干旱对照显著增加了10.62％和10.70％.IBA-K处理和不同土壤水分处理对两个品种大豆根系形态和生理指标存在显著或极显著影响,二者间的交互作用无明显调控作用.综上,IBA-K通过提高根系干物质积累量、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,降低MDA含量和相对电导率,减轻干旱胁迫对苗期大豆根系的伤害.

为探究苗期（V1期）淹水胁迫对大豆生理特性和显微结构的影响及烯效唑(S 3307 )的缓解效应,以‘垦丰14’为材料,于V1期进行叶面喷施S 3307 ,并于喷药后5d进行淹水处理,对淹水胁迫下大豆叶片和根系生理特性、下胚轴显微结构及S 3307 的调控效应进行了测定和分析。结果表明,淹水胁迫会增加大豆下胚轴通气组织数量,随淹水胁迫时间延长,通气组织面积逐渐增大;S 3307 能提高大豆对淹水逆境的适应性,增加通气组织数量和通气组织的面积,以应对淹水胁迫对植株造成的缺氧胁迫。与对照（CK）相比,淹水胁迫会增加叶片和根系中活性氧（ROS）和丙二醛（MDA）含量,并随胁迫时间延长而逐渐升高。在淹水胁迫前期会诱导酶促抗氧化防御系统活性的增强,引起渗透调节物质含量的增加,随胁迫时间延长,抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量均呈下降趋势。S 3307 可促进叶片和根系中抗氧化酶活性的提高,抑制ROS和MDA含量的过量积累,并始终维持较高的渗透调节物质含量,减缓淹水胁迫造成的损伤。

As a C-3 crop, the growth and development of rice is greatly affected by the fluctuations and occurrences of climatic extremes particularly at critical growth stages. This study was conducted to investigate the temporal and spatial variation of climatic elements and assess its impact on the yield of rice in the province of Masbate. Remotely-sensed climatic data from 1991 to 2020 and data from the lone synoptic weather station of PAGASA in Masbate were used in this study. Yield production data were sourced from Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) and Provincial Agriculture Office of Masbate (PAO-Masbate). Temporal analysis revealed that the direction and magnitude of trends of various climatic elements in the province of Masbate differ annually and seasonally. The only significant trends, however, are that of the decreasing trend of Tmax and Tmean. Except for rainfall, temporal variation of Tmin, Tmax, and Tmean is negatively and significantly correlated to rice yield. In general, 1 degrees C increase would result in 10-24% reduction in yield. Spatial analysis revealed that, except for solar radiation, a significant difference was detected in rainfall and temperatures in various areas in Masbate. These differences in localized climate could be due to mountain ranges and other characteristics of land surface, such as land use and land cover. While correlation analysis showed that the yield and the amount of rainfall in Masbate are not significantly related, data during 1991-2019 show that rainfall is potentially one of the most limiting factors in the province's rice production. On top of the increasing trend of the number of dry days, the amount of rainfall is just adequate to supply the minimum requirement of rice during wet season but a bit short during dry season. These scenarios indicate that drought is more of a problem rather than waterlogging or flooding in Masbate's rice production, especially during dry season. Aside from rainfall, temperature extremes greatly affect rice productivity in Masbate. There are months in Masbate when recorded temperatures exceed that of the optimum requirement of rice crop. To minimize the negative impacts of drought and temperature extremes in the rice production in Masbate, more irrigation facilities should be established considering that 70% of rice production is rainfed, a cropping calendar based on the climatic data must be followed, and planting climate change-ready rice cultivars such as those tolerant to drought and high temperatures must be considered.

为研究淹水胁迫下喷施烯效唑(S3307)对不同大豆品种的影响,以耐涝品种'垦丰14'和涝渍敏感品种'垦丰16'大豆为试验材料,进行盆栽试验,研究鼓粒期(R5)淹水胁迫对大豆叶片膜脂过氧化程度(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)和抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环系统的损伤及S3307的缓解效应.结果表明:R5期淹水胁迫显著增加了两品种大豆叶片内MDA含量,加速了ROS的积累,且相同时间垦丰16增幅大于垦丰14.叶面喷施S3307可有效提高非酶抗氧化剂含量,增加关键酶活性,降低叶片MDA含量,抑制ROS积累,减少淹水胁迫对膜系统造成的伤害,并在恢复正常水分处理后,维持较高的关键酶活性和非酶抗氧化剂含量,促进两品种大豆叶片恢复至正常状态,且垦丰14恢复能力优于垦丰16.综上,淹水胁迫对两种耐涝性不同的大豆品种叶片中AsA-GSH循环具有不同程度的影响,S3307可在一定程度上减缓淹水胁迫所造成的危害.

为探讨调环酸钙(prohexadione-calcium,Pro-Ca)对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗的缓解作用,明确Pro-Ca提高水稻耐盐能力的最适浓度,以水稻品种'黄华占'为试验材料,研究不同浓度(25、50、75、100、125、150 mg·L-1)Pro-Ca对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗生长及抗性生理的影响.结果表明:盐胁迫抑制水稻正常生长,对水稻抗性生理产生不利影响.外源添加Pro-Ca促进盐胁迫下水稻幼苗的地上部生长,提高根系活力,增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,提高可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸的含量,降低叶片相对电导率及O2-的产生速率,增加叶片SPAD,提高净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和表观叶肉导度(AMC).综合分析,100 mg·L-1浓度处理时效果最好,表现为茎基宽、根系总长度、干质量、净光合速率及CAT等出现最大值.初步推断在盐胁迫下,Pro-Ca通过提高植物抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量及渗透调节物质含量,降低幼苗O-2的产生速率及电解质渗透来保护细胞结构的完整,促进幼苗生长及光合速率的上升,从而增强水稻幼苗耐盐能力.

在大豆生长发育过程中,非生物胁迫严重影响理化进程并降低产量,其中水分胁迫是所有其他非生物胁迫(高温、低温、土地瘠薄、盐碱等)损失的总和.为了提高大豆在水分胁迫中的抗逆性,通过归纳水分胁迫对大豆生长发育及产量的研究现状,总结干旱和淹水胁迫对大豆形态结构、生理指标及产量指标的影响,分析抵御水分胁迫的应对措施和有效方法.指出目前抗旱防涝存在的问题,并提出解决方案,以期降低水分胁迫对大豆生产造成的损失.

为研究5-氨基乙酰丙酸对大豆苗期盐碱胁迫的缓解效应,本研究以大豆品种合丰50为材料,采用盆栽方法,研究了40 mg·L-1的5-氨基乙酰丙酸拌种对盐碱胁迫下苗期大豆生长发育的影响.结果 表明:与正常情况相比,盐碱胁迫抑制大豆生长:大豆生物积累量、叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量分别降低了32.69％、9.9％和14.0％.与盐碱胁迫条件相比,5-氨基乙酰丙酸处理能有效缓解生物量、叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量的降低,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和脯氨酸含量分别提高了13.3％、23.2％、23.0％和56.0％,相对电导率降低了3.08％.研究表明,5-氨基乙酰丙酸能缓解盐碱胁迫对大豆幼苗的损伤,提高大豆耐盐碱性.

[目的]研究植物生长调节剂烯效唑(Uniconazole)对甜叶菊形态建成、酶活性、产量及品质(莱胞迪苷A/蛇菊苷)的影响,旨在为甜叶菊产量和品质的外源调控效应及机理提供理论依据.[方法]以甜叶菊'惠农3号'大田植株为材料,浸根和叶喷两种处理,其中,浸根处理分别设0、0.04、0.2、1 mg/L四个浓度处理,叶喷处理分别设0、10、50、250 mg/L四个浓度处理.[结果]外源烯效唑处理下,甜叶菊株高、茎粗、分枝数、根干重、茎干重、叶干重、POD活性、PPO活性、产量和品质相比对照而言均有所增加或改善,其中浸根浓度0.04 mg/L和叶喷浓度50 mg/L两处理的表现最佳.[结论]植物生长调节剂烯效唑对提高甜叶菊产量和改善品质效果较好.

植物化学调控技术是提高作物产量的一项重要的技术措施,研究植物生长调节剂2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(DTA-6)对甜叶菊形态建成、酶活性、莱鲍迪甙A与甜菊醇糖苷比值(ReA/ST)的影响,目的是为调节剂DTA-6提高甜叶菊产量、品质的调控效应及机理提供理论依据.试验于2017年在黑龙江省海林市海林农场试验基地进行,用大田试验方法,在8月15日(移栽后75天后)喷施不同浓度DTA-60 mg·L-1(CK)、12.5 mg·L-1(D12.5)、60 mg·L-1(D60)、300 mg·L-1(D300),在8月20日、9月7日、9月22日(分别为移栽后80、98、113 d)进行取样,测定甜叶菊的形态、酶活性及ReA/ST,收获时测定产量.结果表明,在8月20日:D12.5处理的株高、茎粗、分枝数、POD酶活性和ReA/ST与CK相比均极显著增加,PPO酶活性极与CK相比显著降低;D60处理的POD酶活性与CK相比均极显著增加,PPO酶活性和ReA/ST与CK相比均极显著降低;D300处理的分枝数、POD酶活性、ReA/ST与CK相比均极显著增加.在9月7日:D12.5、D60、D300处理的PPO酶活性和ReA/ST与CK相比均极显著降低,POD酶活性与CK相比均极显著增加.在9月22日:D12.5处理的茎粗和POD酶活性与CK相比极显著增加,分枝数与CK相比显著增加,PPO酶活性极显著降低;D60处理的株高、分枝数、单株茎重和ReA/ST与CK相比均极显著增加,PPO酶活性极显著降低、POD酶活性显著降低;D300处理的PPO酶活性和与POD酶活性CK相比极显著降低,ReA/ST极显著增加.收获时,D12.5处理产量增加了3.8％;D60处理产量增加了11.2％,并且差异达到了显著水平;D300处理产量增加了8.0％.综上所述,试验所设计浓度范围中60 mg·L-1 DTA-6浓度对甜叶菊的调控效果最为显著.

为检测化学调控下甜叶菊叶片中不同甜菊糖苷的含量,建立了快速分析甜叶菊叶片中3种甜菊糖苷含量的高效液相色谱测定方法.液相色谱分析采用Sepax HP-Amino (4.6×250 mm,5岬)色谱柱,柱温40℃,流速1.00 mL/min,流动相采用等度洗脱模式,流动相乙腈/水组成比为80:20 (v/v),检测器为紫外-可见检测器,检测波长210 nm,谱带宽度20 nm,狭缝宽度16 nm,进样体积4μL;样品采用超声波辅助热水提取,澄清石灰水去除杂质.结果表明液相色谱分析得出3种甜菊糖苷(甜菊糖苷、莱鲍迪苷C、莱鲍迪苷A)线性方程分别为Y=1.075X-1.853 (r=0.999 9)、Y=1.302 X+1.136 (r=0.999 5)和Y=1.117X+1.089(r=0.999 8),在0.05 ～ 5.00 mg/mL之间线性关系均表现良好,方法检测限分别为1.091 μg/mL,3.062 μg/mL和1.078 μg/mL.所建方法简单灵敏,适合叶片样品快速检测.

为引进和筛选适于黑龙江省大庆地区栽培的蓖麻优良品种,在常规栽培和覆膜栽培条件下,开展了蓖麻不同品种的适应性研究.结果表明,在大庆地区供试蓖麻品种分别表现为中晚(淄蓖麻6号)及晚熟(淄蓖麻5号和淄蓖麻8号)特性,3个品种均可正常生长发育、开花结实,且具良好的抗倒伏、抗病虫能力.覆膜栽培可提早出苗,加快生育进程,改善茎秆生长、分枝能力、穗部性状和结果能力等生长发育性状,显著提高蓖麻产量31.58％～42.81％,其中淄蓖麻5号和6号产量分别为3 048.70 kg·hm-2和2 849.61 kg·hm-2,显著高于淄蓖麻8号(2 431.33 kg·hm-2).中晚熟品种淄蓖麻6号可通过研究与应用密植技术,进一步提升其主穗和一级穗的数量,充分发挥产量潜力;针对晚熟品种淄蓖麻5号和8号,可研究应用适时早播和促熟技术,延长生长周期,提高籽粒成熟度与产量.