Organizing this Special Issue of Industry and Higher Education was challenging in many aspects. First of all, this was a pre-pandemic idea. The first call for papers was released in 2019. Although some of the writing of the papers was done prior to the crazy years that followed, reviewing, rewriting and polishing up the manuscripts, and all editorial work took place from 2020 to 2022. Needless to say, the authors, reviewers and editors had not planned for the pandemic and for the strong demands it imposed on all those involved with academic activities. It was not just a matter of figuring out completely new ways of interacting with students, supervising research work, etc., which are specific to those in education, but of having to do all that while coping with the same stress and sorrow everyone else was experiencing. A few months before this major health crisis, around June 2019, the Guest Editors of this Special Issue were having a friendly conversation about the challenges and potential for the contribution of university research laboratories to our societies. We were talking in a cafe close to Henry Etzkowitz’s place in Palo Alto, California. Besides Henry, the other three people at the table were a PhD candidate and two professors from Brazilian universities. We all knew that universities in emerging countries could be very important to the local development of their regions. We were also aware, however, that the lack of resources and experience in sharing knowledge with industry and government posed additional barriers to the functioning of university research laboratories as committed partners in the improvement of local realities. The conversation about this Special Issue commenced with the idea of bringing to light examples of university research that had been locally impactful with respect to social and economic innovation. Of course, that was just the starting point. We soon realized that success cases mostly involved challenging the traditional structures and rearranging organizations such that the Triple Helix benefits to society were not just a result of cooperation among previously existing entities: rather, they were the consequence of a deliberate design of organizations and their interplay to foster such collaboration and the expected outcomes. To continue the conversation about this Special Issue, in September 2019, at the XVII International Triple Helix Conference in Cape Town, South Africa, Henry Etzkowitz, as the Triple Helix Association President, encouraged the conference participants (from academy, industry and government) to think about two questions. How do we address the renewal of the Triple Helix concept and explore its relevance to local reality? Can knowledge-based innovation assume a leading role in driving forward economic and social development in circumstances in which it is just assuming a legitimated role?We answered “yes” to the latter wholeheartedly, while recognizing that there were many obstacles to be addressed to reach the promised land of flourishing innovation and entrepreneurship. At the same conference, Henry Etzkowitz and Karla Liboreiro advertised the special issue call for papers and the possibility of contemplating the latest results of Triple Helix studies of research groups worldwide. After several rounds of submission, blind review and editing, we selected papers that combined theoretical, empirical and policy elements. The first paper, “Entrepreneurial university icon: Stanford and Silicon Valley as innovation and natural ecosystem”, explicates the cultural DNA and take-off trajectory of an entrepreneurial university and its emerging focus on sustainability. The second paper, “New hybrid organizations creating bridges through

En este trabajo de investigación se busca encontrar la relación entre usuarios y la tecnología de la información (TI) adoptada en un entorno organizacional. Tiene una finalidad descriptiva con abordaje cualitativo. Siguiendo las líneas de investigación con base en los conceptos de la Teoría de la Estructura Adaptable (AST) y la Construcción Social de la Tecnología (SCOT), se analiza el caso de uso de una plataforma virtual por parte de los profesores (los usuarios) en una universidad pública paraguaya (la organización). Fueron entrevistados diecisiete profesores, además se recopilaron datos secundarios de los desarrolladores de la plataforma y la universidad. Los resultados que arrojaron demuestran que, en situaciones obligatorias, los usuarios realizan adaptaciones de la tecnología adoptada para apropiarse de ella, haciendo mejorar los resultados de su uso con sus intereses personales o colectivos pertinentes. La relación entre usuarios y TI genera cambios en las tareas, e incluso los usuarios, con la definición de un "sistema de información desarrollado por uno mismo" que abarca las tareas, la TI adoptada por la organización y otras tecnologías que aportan a su propio sistema. Los resultados encontrados ayudaron a contribuir a una tipología de las adaptaciones realizadas por los usuarios cuando utilizan la TI en sus actividades.

O presente trabalho conduziu uma survey para capturar a importância percebida por discentes de Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras, públicas e privadas, sobre os fatores motivacionais que influenciam sua participação em avaliações institucionais, atividade observada à luz do conceito de crowdsourcing. Participaram da pesquisa 383 discentes, de três estados brasileiros e 25 cursos. Foi desenvolvida uma análise fatorial exploratória que definiu oito fatores motivacionais relevantes estatisticamente presentes nas respostas. Em seguida foi conduzida uma comparação entre as médias dos fatores e um teste paramétrico, com o objetivo de verificar a presença, ou não, de diferença da percepção dos fatores motivacionais entre os discentes das IES públicas e os discentes das IES privadas. Também foi conduzida uma análise de conteúdo de 93 respostas a uma questão aberta de resposta opcional, que fazia parte da mesma survey. O fator motivacional “relacionamento/socialização” emergiu como o mais relevante para os discentes de IES privadas, sendo que o fator motivacional “compartilhamento de conhecimento/altruísmo” também se destacou tanto entre os discentes de IES privadas quanto públicas. A análise das respostas à questão aberta evidenciou que os discentes relacionam a avaliação institucional a uma avaliação dos docentes, mais do que à avaliação da instituição.

Politics in different countries show diverse degrees of polarization, which tends to be stronger on social media, given how easy it became to connect and engage with like-minded individuals on the web. A way of reducing polarization would be by distributing cross-partisan news among individuals with distinct political orientations, i.e., “reaching the bubbles”. This study investigates whether this holds in the context of nationwide elections in Brazil and Canada. We collected politics-related tweets shared during the 2018 Brazilian presidential election and the 2019 Canadian federal election. Next, we proposed an updated centrality metric that enables identifying highly central bubble reachers, nodes that can distribute content among users with diverging political opinions—a fundamental metric for the proposed study. After that, we analyzed how users engage with news content shared by bubble reachers, its source, and its topics, considering its political orientation. Among other results, we found that, even though news media disseminate content that interests different sides of the political spectrum, users tend to engage considerably more with content that aligns with their political orientation, regardless of the topic.

This article intends to categorize different classifications used in the literature to distinguish among crowdsourcing platform types, based on their characteristics and intents. This is performed by means of a systematic literature review. The search for texts that combined the terms ‘crowdsourcing’ and ‘taxonomy,’ on the Google Scholar platform, resulted in 61 potential articles to be included in the corpus of the research, which were reduced to 13, after applying additional filtering. The study shows that taxonomies and classifications of platforms differ from author to author, each one of them adopting his/her own criteria and terminology. The 65 different crowdsourcing classifications that were found in the reviewed studies were reorganized in 16 groups, based on their characteristics. We believe that the current work contributes to the standardization of terminology and categorizations adopted in the literature and, therefore, to a better understanding of the crowdsourcing phenomenon.

There seems to be an assumption in the research community that the purpose of knowledge gathering is to ascertain laws which represent universal unchanging truths [1]. This is not so much stated as built into much of the research zeitgeist. We see this, for example, with the DeLone and McLean (Petter, DeLone, & Mclean, 2013) model of success based originally on discrete technologies, then updated with consideration for ecommerce applications. The model, if thoroughly supported, would provide the set of antecedents for IS application success. Quantitative meta-analysis, if it were applied to the model, would show the relative strength of each antecedent on those that follow leading ultimately to the accumulated model’s impact on success. To the extent that individual studies would vary from these parameters, it would be assumed that (1) they represent some error or variance around the central tendency; or (2) there may have been something wrong with the study in how it was conducted. Two other possibilities that are less explored are that (1) the salience of antecedents may simply change over time, partly because of the fact that (2) technologies vary greatly in their influence on success, even within the same general family of technologies. A revised view of the DeLone-McLean model would not be one universal theory but a collection of representations showing variance as pertains to different categories of technology or purpose. There are many possible reasons for focusing on the search for universal unchanging truths. If and when we find them, there is great value and utility. Euclidean geometry was not refuted by Einsteinian theories; rather it continues to work quite well where it remains applicable. The multitude of such mathematical measures of physical forces attests to their value. To the extent that IS ‘borrows’ its definition of science from the physical sciences, it is likely that the search for unchanging universal truths will be a central goal. In fact, it is likely that many in the field have learned that this is what science is by definition and have not considered the alternative that knowledge, which is not universal, nor unchanging, can also embody great value. At any given time period knowing what rules seem to be applicable, and across which conditions, can have as much value in application as knowing what is universal and unchanging. Ryle (1945) calls for a distinction between knowing-that and knowing-how. Scientific propositions are of the knowing-that kind, a kind that can be expressed in propositions of a justified truth. Sometimes IS research attempts at that. However, many times, IS concerns with the knowing-how type of knowledge, and skills that cannot be expressed the same way, in spite of still being valuable. Vries (2016) reminds us that (physical) scientific knowledge is normally intended to be universal and nomothetical, i.e., its laws are expected to hold for all places and times. Technology knowledge, in contrast, tends to be more specific and ideo-graphical, describing particularities rather than generalities. In our view, IS as a discipline, benefits from both approaches – searching for theory, rules, and principles that apply everywhere and always; but benefits to an even greater extent by surfacing

The Curitiba City Hall has a municipal open data policy since 2014. In the web portal where the databases are available, there are data related to issues of public interest, such as public transportation, health, security and education. However, there are no initiatives to structure and make this data easily and intuitively understood by the population. Given this scenario, the objective of this work was to develop an application that could be used on both, mobile phones and computers, to facilitate access and the analysis of information related to occurrences reported by the Municipal Guard, using the Functionality-guided Development methodology. As a result, a website was developed that presents the occurrences recorded in geographical, temporal and categorical visions, providing citizens with an additional tool for social control over the City Hall's actions and the enrichment of the debate regarding the city's public policies.

The presented study seeks to identify the role of crowdsourcing within the scope of Industry 4.0. For this purpose, a Systematic Literature Review was performed, starting from 476 articles that mentioned “crowdsourcing’ and ‘Industry 4.0’, which were reduced to 31 articles that comprised the corpus of the review work after exclusion filters were applied. These articles brought factors related to the concept of Industry 4.0 and discussed the role of crowdsourcing to support the implementation of Industry 4.0. The review identified a set of five categories of crowdsourcing application in Industry 4.0: product development; innovation; provision of data and information for manufacturing; crowdsensing; and problem solving/troubleshooting. The study was also able to explore the relationship among these categories. Industry 4.0 factors were also related to the Internet of Things, Intelligent Production Systems, Big Data and Cloud Computing, all of which were extensively mentioned in the reviewed body of literature.

This chapter presents the importance that Brazilian information technology (IT) professionals assign to current IT-related organizational and technological issues, and a myriad of individual perceptions about the IT job. The organizational and technological issues come from a number of scales available in the literature, including reports sponsored by the Society for Information Management (SIM) and published annually regarding how US IT executives see the industry trends. As for the job issues, Brazilian professionals manifested their views on classical constructs. The Brazilian survey was done in 2015–2016 and gathered the answers of 348 professionals. Broadly, they see the proposed IT trends as important to themselves in the organizational setting, and they seem to be happy with their job appointments. A particular finding is that a very large array of different technologies that populate the modern work environment are considered important to the individual worker, probably due to technology integration, ubiquity, and pervasiveness being a reality in organizations.

This article analyzes the relationship that exists among the objectives of crowdsourcing platforms, the types of activities they demand from crowdsourcees and the incentives they provide to obtain collaboration. The 136 platforms that appeared in two previous SLRs carried out by the authors to categorize the types of activities performed and the motivation offered in crowdsourcing projects were separated in seven groups, according to the objective of the activities performed by the crowdsourcees. Microtask activities are present in over 4o% of the platforms, showing that individuals may be motivated to collaborate, without developing commitment or even identification with the objectives of the promoting organization. The "financial reward" or the "love" factor is usually the prevailing motivation factor. However, those two factors tend to be mutually exclusive.

New information and communication technologies (ICTs) have an increasingly stronger role in people's lives, especially after the commoditization of smartphones. They affect many aspects of everyday life, including urban mobility. Some applications, including Waze, benefit from the collective intelligence (CI) of the crowds to gather the information they need to provide users with good advice on the routes to follow. But they are mainly focused on roads and streets, giving little information on the quality of sidewalks, which are essential to pedestrians, people on wheelchairs and blind people. With the intention to improve the mobility of citizens with special needs, we developed the prototype of an application that allows users themselves to update accessibility maps, tagging obstacles and also indicating the existence of resources that contribute to improve the mobility of people with special needs in urban spaces. Tests in a controlled environment helped to debug the application’s functionalities, before members of the intended target group of users were finally exposed to it. Results are promising, as users were able to include relevant data by themselves and seem motivated to keep doing so, due a sense of utility, social facilitation or simply due to altruism, as anticipated by the CI literature. One unexpected outcome was that impaired users are more excited about the potential the application has to give visibility to the challenges they face than with the actual improvement it can bring to their mobility.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss two important behaviors related to job mobility in the IT profession, namely, changing jobs to move to another organization (turnover) and changing the profession entirely (turnaway), during a national crisis. Based on the theoretical foundation of the push–pull–mooring perspective, a research model is developed that includes professional self-efficacy (PSE), job insecurity (JI) and job satisfaction (JS) as important antecedents. Design/methodology/approach Using a positivist approach and a survey method, the authors analyzed data from IT professionals from different economic segments in Brazil. Data collection occurred in two distinctive moments of the largest crisis in modern Brazilian history – a pre-awareness moment (first half of year 2015) and a crisis-conscious moment (first half of year 2016). Findings The findings reveal that PSE negatively influences JI and positively influences JS, JI positively influences turnaway intention, and JS negatively influences both turnover intention and turnaway intention. The effect of the national crisis was observed in that it further accentuated the intention of IT professionals to leave the profession. Another effect was related to age, as older professionals are less willing to turn over but more willing to turn away. Research limitations/implications Besides developing a parsimonious model to study both the intention to leave the organization and the intention to leave the profession, the study sheds light on how IT professionals react to economic crises and how the reaction varies by age. Practical implications The study puts to question the common belief that IT professionals are secure in the job market due to high demand for their skills and investments made by organizations to keep them on the job. Employers must pay attention to JI and turnover/turnaway intentions. Originality/value This study is among the few to study JI and aspects of the theory of human migration in IT. It is also possibly the first to discuss the effects of a national crisis on the mobility patterns of IT professionals.

This paper, by means of a systematic literature review, analyzes the relationship that exists between knowledge management and collective intelligence, according to the perception of academic researchers. We started from an original raw sample of 606 scientific papers and, after applying several filtering criteria, we reached 24 studies that discussed those two constructs together, which were thoroughly analyzed in their propositions with respect to the way they relate to one another. The work has shown that there are several characteristics that consistently appear in the relationship that exists between knowledge management and collective intelligence, though three distinct approaches exist in the literature: most authors consider collective intelligence to be an important tool to improve knowledge management. On the other hand, there are authors that see knowledge management as a mean to foster collective intelligence. And, finally, there are those who consider the two constructs as 1 Versão preliminar deste relato foi apresentado no Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS). Matheus Alberto Oliveira Padilha; Alexandre Reis Graeml Perspectivas em Gestão & Conhecimento, João Pessoa, v. 9, n. 2, p. 153-173, maio/ago. 2019. 154 being independent from one another but stressing their huge potential for integration and mutual support.

This paper has the objective of assessing how ICTs are being used to provide accessibility in urban mobility, with special interest to collective intelligence based approaches. A systematic literature review (SLR) was performed, using several different criteria to filter down the 500+academic papers that were originally obtained from a search for accessible maps to the 43 papers that finally remained in the corpus of the SLR. Among the findings, it was noticed that (i) few studies explored the motivations of users to actively contribute to improving accessible maps, by providing information to feed such maps; (ii) studies restricted themselves to exploring three techniques: gaming, monetary reward and ranking; (iii) social networks are rarely used as a source of data for building and updating maps; and (iv) there is no discussion of any initiative that aims to support both, the needs of physically and visually impaired citizens, at the same time.

This study investigates users engagement on Twitter around presidential elections. While existing studies using Twitter investigate citizen engagement in the United States, there is limited work on online citizen engagement during elections in other contexts. As a result, we draw on the 2018 election in Brazil, one of the most contentious and polarizing elections in recent history. Overall, we look at the extent to which citizens come into contact with diverse ideological perspectives, and the extent of polarization among citizens. We investigate polarization within the network of retweets, as well as the role of media on serving as a broker between polarized users. We found that, in Brazil, the right-wing political network, although more homogeneous and polarized, proved to be less cohesive than the left wing political network, which in turn was more heterogeneous, by containing the largest proportion of neutral users. In addition, we found that traditional media still plays a neutral and bridging role among polarized networks, contradicting the common sense belief that the traditional media is also politically oriented. This maybe should already be expected, after all, when the traditional media is criticized by people from both sides, in a polarized matter, it is probably because it is not serving the interest of any of them.

The CRM process is supported by the relationship orientation and the customer knowledge management derived from data collection, data consolidation, data analysis and knowledge distribution to support decision making. The interaction between CRM and Knowledge Management (KM) is quite intuitive, especially when both are supported by Information Technology. The goal of this paper is to develop a Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) theoretical model in order to assess its contribution to the relationship management of students at one of the largest higher education private groups of the world. A state of contrasts comparing groups of students exposed to CKM-designed marketing campaigns (approximately 600,000 students) and unexposed ones (approximately 17,000 (students) demonstrated how the proposed model effectively contributed to CRM initiatives. It was found that students exposed to marketing activities had a higher reenrollment rate than those that were not reached by the campaign. It was also possible to calculate the return on investment (ROI) of CKM activities.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to assess the differences in importance assigned by manufacturing or service organizations to topics related to operations management and its attendant body of knowledge. Design/methodology/approach - The authors did this by cataloguing and analyzing vacancy announcements related to operations management, presented by manufacturing and services companies in major Brazilian human resources websites. Findings - The results show that manufacturing companies primarily hire personnel with skills in routine process management, quality management, lean manufacturing, ergonomics and work organization. Service companies generally seek professionals with knowledge and experience in logistics, supply chain management and project management. Research limitations/implications - This study presents some limitations that reduce the power of its conclusions. There is some degree of subjectivity in the interpretation of the contents of the analyzed ads. In order to reduce this problem, the authors who did the tabulation of data marked the situations for which there were some doubts about the classification, discussing them with the other author, until they reached a consensus on the best way to classify each one. Originality/value - The discussion about the importance assigned by manufacturing and service companies to the topics of operations management is crucial for not only the results obtained, but also to stimulate the debate on topics that comprise or should comprise the body of knowledge of operations management, and the way they are incorporated into business practice. This provides an additional opportunity to reflect on the potential of operations management in supporting business managers now and in the future.