ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze a measles outbreak in an elementary school in Henan province, thereby providing a basis for the prevention and control of measles outbreaks. MethodsOn-site epidemiological investigation and outbreak disposition were carried out for the suspected cases related to this outbreak reported by the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Blood and pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from suspected cases and close contacts. Laboratory tests included serological testing, nucleic acid testing, and genotyping for measles virus, and data were analyzed in Excel 2019 software. ResultsAn outbreak of measles in an elementary school was reported in May 2024 in Henan province, with three confirmed cases, two of which were sequenced to be of the B3 genotype. The cases showed typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Among the students in the grades where the cases were located, 75.41% (276/366) had a history of immunization with ≥2 doses of measles component-containing vaccine (MCV) and 8.47% (31/366) had no history of immunization with MCV. The outbreak was effectively controlled after taking emergency vaccination, catch-up vaccination after checking for missed cases, and other measures. ConclusionsThe outbreak is caused by a measles virus strain of B3 genotype, and the dense school population and weak immunization barriers are main factors for this outbreak. In the future, efforts should be made to improve the system of school enrollment vaccination certificate verification and catch-up vaccination, increase the coverage of MCV, and build a strong immunization barrier.

Objectives: To identify factors influencing influenza vaccination willingness and uptake among adults aged ≥60 years in Henan Province and to evaluate the effect of a brief educational intervention on vaccination willingness and behavior. Methods: In September 2024, a cross-sectional survey based on the Behavioral and Social Drivers (BeSD) framework was conducted among adults aged ≥60 years across five counties in Henan. For participants without baseline willingness, a 3 min one-on-one educational intervention was delivered. In May 2025, following the end of the 2024–2025 influenza vaccination season (which runs from 1 October to 31 March in Henan Province), we retrieved vaccination records for all participants from the Henan Provincial Immunization Information System. This system captures all influenza vaccinations administered at designated vaccination clinics across the province. To ensure completeness for doses administered outside the provincial system (e.g., in other provinces or at private healthcare facilities), we conducted telephone follow-up interviews with all participants whose baseline vaccination intention was inconsistent with their actual vaccination behavior (i.e., willing but unvaccinated or unwilling but vaccinated). During these interviews, for those who reported receiving the vaccine outside Henan Province or at private facilities, we inquired about the specific date and location of vaccination to supplement the registry data. We also explored the reasons behind the intention–behavior discrepancy. For these participants, we requested vaccination certificates or other supporting documentation to confirm their vaccination status. Results: Baseline vaccination willingness was 68.20% (1630/2390), whereas the actual vaccination rate was only 6.95% (166/2390), yielding a willingness-to-behavior conversion rate of 9.51% (155/1630) among those with baseline willingness. Of the 760 participants without baseline willingness, 543 (71.45%) completed the 3 min one-on-one instant educational intervention and the follow-up assessment; the remaining 217 were excluded due to refusal or loss to follow-up. Among these 543 completers, 46 (8.47%) became willing to vaccinate, and eight (1.47%) were subsequently vaccinated. Multivariate analysis identified the social processes dimension as the strongest correlate of both willingness (OR = 1.38 per 1-point increase, 95% CI: 1.33–1.44) and uptake (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03–1.22). Urban residence was associated with higher willingness (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.12–1.78) and higher uptake (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.11–2.42). Current smokers had a significantly lower uptake than never smokers (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22–0.85). Among the 11 participants without baseline willingness who were eventually vaccinated (eight from the intervention group and three from the non-intervention group), family/friend influence (63.64%, 7/11) and physician recommendation (36.36%, 4/11) were the primary drivers. For those with willingness but no action (n = 1475), the main barriers were perceived good health (33.29%), high vaccine cost (27.12%), and lack of time (26.31%). Conclusions: Influenza vaccination among older adults in Henan exhibits a “high willingness, low conversion” pattern, with social processes as the strongest driver bridging the intention–behavior gap. A brief educational intervention improved willingness but failed to translate into meaningful uptake, underscoring that knowledge transfer alone is insufficient. We recommend a multi-component strategy that (1) mobilizes family members and community doctors as trusted vaccine advocates; (2) leverages family and village doctor networks to reduce urban–rural disparities; (3) counters the “perceived good health” barrier with age-specific risk communication; and (4) integrates vaccine recommendations into routine care for high-risk groups, particularly frequent outpatient attendees and smokers.

Background: This study evaluated vaccine prescription conversion and identified associated factors in Henan Province, China, during 2025. Methods: The study was conducted in Lingbao City, Henan Province. All vaccine prescriptions issued in 2025 were collected, and vaccination status was linked through the Henan Provincial Immunization Information Management System. Subgroup analyses were stratified by vaccine type (NIP vs. non-NIP). Univariate analyses used χ2, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis H tests. Multivariable analyses employed Firth-corrected logistic regression for conversion behavior, and mixed-effects models with random intercepts for patient ID for conversion timeliness, analyzed using a two-part model. All analyses were performed using R software (version 4.5.3). Results: Among 50,887 prescriptions, the overall conversion rate was 13.8%. NIP vaccines had a higher conversion rate than non-NIP vaccines (76.8% vs. 12.5%, p < 0.001) and a higher same-day conversion rate (13.9% vs. 7.4%; χ2 = 59.585, p < 0.001), but longer delays among non-same-day conversions (23 vs. 4 days). Manual prescriptions were associated with significantly higher conversion in both NIP (OR = 3.913) and non-NIP (OR = 37.720) subgroups. Vaccination clinics were associated with a nearly 20-fold higher odds (OR = 19.386). Interaction analyses showed manual prescriptions were more strongly associated with conversion and shorter delays in older adults, and had stronger associations with conversion for non-NIP vaccines (χ2 = 22.275, p < 0.001). Vaccination clinics were most strongly associated with conversion in children (ΔP = 0.130); however, the improvement in same-day conversion among older adults was relatively smaller, suggesting additional barriers beyond clinic availability may exist in this population. Conclusions: Manual prescriptions and vaccination clinics were associated with higher vaccine prescription conversion, with particularly pronounced effects on non-NIP vaccines. Older adults exhibited the lowest conversion rates. In parallel with promoting electronic prescriptions, co-issuing paper prescriptions is recommended, particularly for non-NIP vaccines and older adults.

The study objectives were to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Henan Province, China, and to evaluate the impact of pertussis vaccination strategy adjustments on population infection rates. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the reported pertussis cases in Henan Province from 2012 to 2024. The concentration of IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin (anti-PT IgG) was measured in 18,528 healthy individuals from 2022 to 2024. The positive rate (≥20 IU/mL) and median concentration (MC) were calculated, and the infection rate was estimated based on anti-PT IgG ≥ 40 IU/mL, using the susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-vaccinated (SEIRV) model to predict the effect of adding a pertussis booster dose at 6 years. The average annual incidence of pertussis in Henan Province from 2012 to 2024 was 2.21 per 100,000 population. The overall anti-PT IgG positivity rate was 16.42 %, and the MC was 4.66 IU/mL. The antibody concentration is influenced by age, gender, and vaccine type. The population that completed the full course of vaccination had the highest anti-PT IgG positive rate (17.81 %) and the highest MC (4.97 IU/mL). The population that vaccinated the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated polio vaccine-haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV/ Hib) had the highest MC (14.83 IU/mL). The total estimated infection rate of pertussis was 7,833.45 per 100,000, peaking in the 6-year age group (10,809.72 per 100,000). When the estimated coverage rate of the pertussis booster vaccination reaches 83.21 %, the infection rate could be decreased by 71.41 %. The incidence of pertussis in Henan Province has increased, and the infection rate is higher than anticipated. Booster immunization at age six can significantly lower the risk of infection.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological distribution characteristics, influencing factors, and infection rates of pertussis in the population of Henan Province. Methods: From 2022 to 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the permanent population in Henan Province. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-pertussis toxin IgG (PT-IgG), analyze the antibody positivity rate (≥20 IU/ml) and median concentration (MC), and estimate the pertussis infection rate based on PT IgG ≥40 IU/ml. The rank sum test was used to compare antibody levels among groups, and the χ2 test was used to compare antibody positive rates and infection rates among groups. Results: A total of 4 810 research subjects were included in this study. The overall positive rate of PT-IgG was 12.10% and MC was 3.04 (0.35, 10.36) IU/ml. There were significant differences both in positive rates and antibody levels of PT-IgG among different regions or age groups (region positive rate: χ2=134.06, P<0.001, MC: H=337.74, P<0.001; age group positive rate: χ2=45.27, P<0.001, MC: H=134.49, P<0.001). Both the positive rate of PT-IgG (25.26%) and MC (8.01 IU/ml) were the highest within one year after completing a full course of vaccination. There were significant differences in positive rates and antibody levels among people receiving different types of pertussis vaccines (positive rate: χ2=12.38, P=0.006, MC: H=17.93, P<0.001). The antibody positivity rate (35.71%) and MC (8.88 IU/ml) of the people who received cell-free pertussis inactivated poliomyelitis influenza type b (combined) vaccine throughout the course were higher than those who received other types of vaccines. The natural infection rate of pertussis was evaluated for individuals aged≥3 years who had no history of pertussis vaccine immunization within the year prior to sampling. With a high vaccination rate, the estimated infection rate of pertussis in the population was 5 757.22/100 000. The infection rates in the 3-year-old (1 940.16/100 000) and 4-year-old (1 765.68/100 000) populations were at a low level among the entire population, reaching their peak at the age of 6 (12 656.71/100 000). Subsequently, although the infection rate continued to decline, it remained at a high level and peaked again at the age of 40-49 years (8 740.39/100 000). There was a statistically significant difference in the estimated infection rate of pertussis among different age groups (χ2=53.21, P<0.001). Conclusion: The PT-IgG level of pertussis in the population of Henan Province is generally at a low level. The estimated infection rate of pertussis is much higher than the reported incidence rate. A booster dose of pertussis vaccine is recommended at 6 years old.

Objective: To analyze the seroepidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province and to evaluate the effectiveness of the childhood hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) immunization program. Methods: From September 2021 to March 2022, a total of 4 883 adolescents aged 0-14 years were selected from 25 villages or communities of 18 provincial-level cities in Henan Province by using the multi-stage random cluster sampling method. Demographic data were collected through questionnaires. The 3 ml of blood samples were collected from individuals aged 0-4 years and 5 ml of blood samples were collected from individuals aged 5-14 years to test HBsAg, HBcAb and HBsAb. Data on vaccination were collected through Henan Provincial Immunization Information System and hepatitis B cases in Henan Province were collected through China Infectious Disease Reporting System. The effectiveness of the childhood HepB immunization program was analyzed. Results: The average age of 4 883 subjects was (7.32±2.81) years old. The positive rates of HBsAg and HBcAb were 0.1% (7/4 883) and 1.0% (50/4 883), and the population standardized rates were 0.3% and 1.7%. In 2002, the positive rate of HBsAg among adolescents aged 0-14 years in Henan Province was 3.39%. Compared with that in 2002, the number of chronic HBV infections among adolescents in Henan Province in 2022 decreased by about 0.7 million. In 2002, the vaccination rate of newborns who completed all three doses of vaccine was 6.26%. In 2003, the vaccination rate of the hepatitis B vaccine rose rapidly, reaching 90% in 2013 for the first time. After 2014, the vaccination rate in Henan Province continued to remain above 95%. The proportion of cases among children aged 1-4 years in clinical reports decreased from 0.43% (1 108/256 566) in 2006 to 0.01% (78/80 655) in 2021. The proportion of cases among adolescents aged 5-19 years decreased from 18.21% (46 710/256 566) in 2006 to 1.1% (827/80 655) in 2021. Conclusions: From 2002 to 2022, the positive rate of HBsAg among adolescents aged 0-14 years has decreased significantly in Henan Province. The effectiveness of the HepB immunization program for children is good.

Objective:To analyze the molecular characteristics of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) among the cases with acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in Henan Province.Methods:Nasal/throat swab samples collected from patients with severe acute respiratory tract infection (SARI) in Luohe and patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) in Zhengzhou were used in this study. HPIV nucleic acids in the samples were detected using real-time fluorescent PCR. HPIV3-positive samples were subjected to RT-PCR for the amplification of HN genes and the sequences were analyzed with Sanger method. CExpress and MEGA7.0 software were used for sequences editing, evolution tree construction and gene sequence analysis.Results:A total of 374 throat swab samples collected form ARI cases in Luohe and Zhengzhou were tested and 20 (5.3%) of them were positive for HPIV3. Eighteen HPIV3 HN gene sequences were successfully amplified and all belonged to C3 subgroups, including 16 sequences of C3f genotype and two sequences of C3a genotype. The 18 HN gene sequences shared the homology of 97.6%-100.0% in nucleotide and 99.3%-100.0% in amino acid, but the differences between them and the prototype strain Wash/47885/57 were significant. There were 12 amino acid mutations shared by them, including four function-related mutations (H295Y, I391V, D556N and I53T). There were no significant differences in the nucleotide or amino acid sequences as compared with the epidemic strain of China/BCH4210A/2014.Conclusions:The C3f and C3a branches of HPIV3 were the epidemic genotypes in Henan Province in recent years and a local circulating prevalence might be established. Continuous and in-depth monitoring of HPIV3 C3 subtype would be of great significance for the prevention and control of HPIV3-associated diseases.

目的 构建双重逆转录PCR对急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例中脊髓灰质炎病毒(PV)和肠道病毒(EV)进行检测和基因分型.方法 从2021年河南省AFP病例中细胞分离得到的36株EV和7株PV粪便标本,利用EVVP4区引物EVP4、OL68-1和PV VP1区引物UG1、UC11构建双重逆转录PCR进行检测,分析特异性和敏感性;以细胞分离培养阳性结果为参照,分析双重逆转录PCR检测的灵敏性.结果 18株EV检测为阳性,4株EV检测为弱阳性,阳性率为61.1％;5株PV检测为阳性,阳性率为71.4％.EV以柯萨奇B组病毒3型为主,PV均为疫苗类似株.结论 本次实验构建的双重逆转录PCR可以作为PV和EV的辅助诊断手段.

目的 了解河南省育龄期妇女乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)表面抗体(HBsAb)阳性率.方法 采用随机抽样的方法,选择河南省18个地市的育龄期(15～49岁)妇女,进行个案调查并采集血标本,用酶联免疫吸附试验定性检测血清中HBsAb.结果 共纳入5 045名调查对象,HBsAb阳性3 138例,阳性率62.20％.HBsAb阳性率最高的省辖市许昌市为74.60％(141/189),最低的安阳市为42.50％(119/280),不同地市间差异有统计学意义(x2=130.048,P＜0.05);农村阳性率为58.57％(1 763/3 010),低于城市67.57％(1 375/2 035),差异具有统计学意义(x2=41.793,P＜0.05);25～29岁阳性率最高,为72.02％(507/704),15～19岁最低,为52.51％(524/998),不同年龄组差异有统计学意义(x2=89.056,P＜0.05);不同职业阳性率医护人员最高,为80.18％(449/560),农民最低,为53.81％(643/1 195),差异具有统计学意义(x2=187.840,P＜0.05);大学及以上阳性率最高,为75.17％(675/898),小学以下最低,为50.00％(16/32),不同受教育程度差异具有统计学意义(x2=115.110,P＜0.05);乙肝疫苗接种剂次不同的人群,阳性率最高的为＞3剂次88.52％(102/127),最低的为3剂次59.50％(401/674),差异具有统计学意义(x2=37.392,P＜0.05).结论 河南省育龄期妇女HBsAb阳性率虽然较高,但依然存在区域以及人群不均衡,应针对薄弱地区和人群加强乙肝疫苗接种和健康教育.

目的 了解2020-2021年河南省漯河市严重急性呼吸道感染(SARI)病例中的人呼吸道合胞病毒(HRSV)基因特征.方法 采集2020年4月至2021年3月漯河市中心医院因SARI住院的病例标本,用荧光定量PCR法进行HRSV病毒核酸检测,对检测阳性标本使用RT-PCR法进行HRSV G基因第二高变区扩增,使用CExpress以及MEGA 7.0软件进行序列编辑、进化树构建和基因特征分析.结果 共采集SARI咽拭子标本170份,其中HRSV核酸检测阳性标本15份(8.8％).对阳性标本进行靶基因扩增后获得12条序列,经分析全部为HRSVB亚型的BA9基因型.8条序列与来自欧洲的BA9基因型序列汇成一簇,处于进化树顶端;4条序列与来自国内和澳洲的BA9基因型序列汇成一簇.与参考株相比,12条序列在重复插入的60个碱基区及aa164-176区域出现突变,同时存在253NITT糖基化位点的增加和276 NSTQ糖基化位点的缺失.结论 HRSV B亚型是2020-2021年河南省漯河市SARI病例中流行的亚型,BA9基因型为流行基因型,与流行株相比变异较大,应对BA9基因型HRSV进行持续深入的监测,为科学防控SARI提供依据.

Objective:To analyze tetanus antibody levels in healthy people in Henan Province and to provide reference data for the adjustment of tetanus vaccine immunization strategy.Methods:A total of 7 519 healthy people were selected using stratified sampling in Henan Province from 2020 to 2021. Serum samples were collected and tested for anti-tetanus toxoid IgG antibody (anti-TT) by ELISA. The positive rate (≥0.01 IU/ml), protection rate (≥0.1 IU/ml) and mean concentration (MC) of anti-TT were analyzed.Results:The overall positive rate, protection rate and MC of anti-TT among the 7 519 subjects were 70.33% (5 288/7 519), 37.07% (2 787/7 519) and 0.035 IU/ml, respectively. Both basic and booster tetanus vaccines were effective. The positive rate, protective rate and MC of anti-TT decreased from 99.63% (272/273), 82.05% (224/273) and 0.215 IU/ml in 6-year-olds to 64.22% (262/408), 21.57% (88/408) and 0.023 IU/ml in 16- to 19-year-olds, and further decreased to 40.97% (1 302/3 178), 5.48% (174/3 178) and 0.007 IU/ml in people ≥20 years old.Conclusions:The level of tetanus antibody decreased with age in healthy people in Henan Province. It was suggested that the sixth dose of tetanus vaccine should to be given at 16-20 years old.

目的 了解2021年河南省健康人群乙型病毒性肝炎的表面抗体水平特征,为完善乙肝防控策略提供科学依据.方法 采用横断面研究的方法,每省辖市选取1～2个县区,每个县区随机选取1～2个城区街道办事处和(或)1～2个农村乡镇,开展问卷调查和标本采集工作,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)水平,分析HBsAb阳性率.结果 选取8 909名1～79岁人群,河南省HBsAb总阳性率为64.59％,不同年龄组HBsAb阳性率在49.75％～93.03％之间(x2=1 246.07,P＜0.01);各地市 HBsAb 阳性率在 42.42％～84.00％之间(x2=344.04,P＜0.01);不同职业人群的HBsAb阳性率在55.71％～72.89％之间(x2=81.68,P＜0.01);不同文化程度人群的HBsAb阳性率在53.40％～71.50％之间(x2=82.29,P＜0.01);接种不同剂次乙肝疫苗(HepB)人群HBsAb阳性率在59.47％～76.69％之间(x2=103.66,P＜0.01);首针接种不同剂量HepB者HBsAb阳性率在55.15％～72.14％之间(x2=88.14,P＜0.01);末剂次接种后时间＜1年、1～5年、6～10 年、≥11 年 HBsAb 阳性率分别为 89.09％、79.36％、54.00％、52.99％(x2=402.49,P＜0.01).结论 河南省不同年龄、不同地市、不同职业、不同免疫史的1～79岁健康人群乙肝表面抗体水平存在差异,建议加大在中老年人群中的乙肝防控健康宣传力度,提高HepB的成年人群接种率.

乙型肝炎病毒是嗜肝病毒科的一员,可引起人类的急性和慢性肝炎,估计全球慢性感染该病毒的人数超过2.5亿.慢性感染者群体中,由于免疫介导的肝损伤可逐渐发展为肝硬化或肝细胞癌.这篇综述主要讲述乙肝病毒的病毒学、分子生物学、生命周期和细胞间传播的机制,这些环节是当前和未来抗病毒治疗乙肝的关键.

目的 评价河南省麻疹实验室网络运转情况.方法 通过中国麻疹监测信息系统和河南省麻疹实验室网络,对河南省2018-2021年麻疹实验室监测数据和检测结果数据进行整理和分析.结果 共报告麻疹疑似病例9 599例,检测血清标本9 537份,其中麻疹IgM阳性653份,阳性率6.85％,风疹IgM阳性349份,阳性率3.66％,4日 内结果报告率为99.61％;检测病原学标本9 023份,其中麻疹核酸阳性523份,阳性率5.80％,风疹核酸阳性268份,阳性率2.97％,7日内结果报告率为99.27％.2018年分离到50株麻疹病毒,均为H1a基因型;2019年分离到64株风疹病毒,37株为1E基因型,27株为2B基因株;2020-2021年未分离到病毒.在实验室质量控制考核中,省级实验室顺利通过WHO和中国疾控中心组织的职能考核,省级实验室对各地市麻疹实验室网络盲样考核准确率均为100％.结论 河南省麻疹实验室网络运转情况良好,保证了高质量的疑似病例血清学监测、病原学监测和实验室质量控制,为河南省消除麻疹工作提供了科学的数据和技术支持.

目的 分析河南省百日咳流行病学特征.方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统,收集2017-2021年河南省百日咳报告病例,采用描述流行病学方法分析发病特征.结果 共报告百日咳病例1 198例,年均报告发病率为0.25/10万,各年发病率分别为0.13/10万、0.32/10万、0.55/10万、0.09/10万、0.16/10万.病例报告主要集中于6-9月,占48.33％.各省辖市均有病例报告,居前三位为鹤壁市(294例,3.64/10万)、商丘市(273例,0.89/10万)和三门峡市(55例,0.50/10万),各地报告发病率存在差异(x2=5 303.552,P＜0.001).0岁组报告发病率最高(8.15/10万),报告病例5岁以下占81.30％,其中≤2月龄占10.68％,≥15岁病例占0.08％(均为成人).病例以散居儿童为主,占75.29％.结论 2017-2021年河南省百日咳病例以5岁以下、散居儿童为主,≤2月龄婴儿占比较高,病例报告多集中于6-9月,具有夏秋季高发的特点.建议加强百日咳监测,探讨低龄儿童百日咳免疫策略,优化百日咳疫苗免疫程序.

目的 了解河南省脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗免疫策略转换(转换)对急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测结果的影响.方法 对河南省两次转换(2016年5月1日和2019年10月1日)前后1年内AFP监测信息报告管理系统中报告的1 975例AFP病例共计3 949份粪便标本进行病毒分离培养鉴定,使用SPSS 19.0软件对AFP病例的流行病学数据进行统计分析.结果 第一次转换前后共报告AFP病例分别为467例和485例,发病率分别为2.38/10万和2.46/10万(P＞0.05),残留麻痹的构成比分别为10.06％和12.99％(P＞0.05),死亡的构成比分别为0.64％和 1.24％(P＞0.05),采集标本分别为934和970份,脊灰病毒(PV)分离率分别为1.07％和1.55％(P＞0.05),PV Ⅰ型分离率分别为0.43％和0.93％(P＞0.05),PV Ⅲ型分离率分别为0.54％和0.62％(P＞0.05),核苷酸变异数≤5分别占90.00％和 80.00％,非脊灰肠道病毒(NPEV)分离率分别为6.85％和 8.45％(P＞0.05);第二次转换前后共报告AFP病例分别为544例和479例,发病率分别为2.75/10万和2.34/10万(P＜0.05),残留麻痹的构成比分别为8.09％和6.05％(P＞0.05),死亡的构成比分别为1.65％和0.42％(P＞0.05),采集标本分别为1 087和958份,PV分离率分别为0.83％和0.42％(P＞0.05),PV Ⅰ型分离率分别为0.37％和0.21％(P＞0.05),PV Ⅲ型分离率分别为0.46％和0.21％(P＞0.05),核苷酸变异数≤5均占100.00％,NPEV分离率分别为4.14％和1.04％(P＜0.05).AFP病例主要集中在5岁以下儿童,占70.08％,其中3岁以下病例数最高,占51.80％,男女性别比1.80:1.报告病例最多的3个地区分别为郑州市、南阳市、周口市,分别占24.00％、9.01％和 9.01％;时间主要集中在春秋两季,疾病谱以吉兰-巴雷综合征和短暂性肢体麻痹为主.结论 河南省两次免疫策略转换前后AFP病例的地区、时间、人群分布、疾病谱以及60天后残留麻痹和死亡构成比均无明显变化,PV Ⅰ型分离率高于Ⅲ型,核苷酸均以≤5个变异为主,AFP发病率和NPEV分离率在第二次转换后显著下降.

目的 了解2020年河南省健康人群白喉抗体水平.方法 采用多阶段分层抽样方法在河南省18个省辖市选取0-79岁健康人群,采集血清标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测白喉IgG抗体,分析抗体阳性率和几何平均浓度(Geometric mean concentration,GMC).结果 调查对象白喉 IgG 抗体总阳性率、GMC 分别为 71.10％(3 754/5 280)、0.062IU/mL.0、1-2、3-4、5-6、7-14、15-19、20-39、40-59、60-79 岁人群阳性率分别为 96.33％、91.79％、86.08％、82.96％、85.18％、66.07％、60.00％、38.24％、59.10％,GMC 分别为 0.107、0.101、0.075、0.068、0.066、0.048、0.038、0.028、0.0361U/mL.结论 河南省0-14岁儿童白喉抗体水平较高而≥15岁青少年和成人相对较低.需进一步加强儿童含白喉成分疫苗常规免疫,探索青少年和成人免疫策略.

IntroductionPertussis is one of the top 10 diseases of children under 10 years of age, and the few vaccine-preventable diseases who is on a rise in China in recent years; however, the true burden of pertussis, including age-stratified incidence and risk factors of severe sequelae, are under-recognised. We aim to estimate the health burden of laboratory-confirmed pertussis by age groups, considering the setting of illness onset (ie, in community, outpatient and inpatient), in a Chinese population (~2.23 million in total) at two sites.Methods and analysisThis paper describes the study design of a 1-year, prospective, age-stratified and population-based case–control study, including site selection, study population, case registry, ascertainment and enrolment, control recruitment, follow-up of case, microbiological methods, data collection, quality control activities and statistical methods used to generate incidence estimates. During June 2021 through May 2022, registry of suspected pertussis cases (namely chronic/persistent cough) will be conducted in several participating hospitals (SHs) at the two sites, which are selected based on Healthcare Utilisation and Attitudes Surveys (HUAS) carried out before study initiation. A case–control study will be conducted in the SHs and we aim to enrol a total of 1000 suspected pertussis cases (ie, all hospital admissions and the first 1–3 outpatient visits each week each hospital) and 2000 frequency matched healthy controls in community. Our primary study outcome, the laboratory-confirmed Bordetella pertussis infection, will be determined by a comprehensive laboratory methods and procedures (ie, culture, PCR and serological tests) in both cases and controls at enrolment and during 60-day’s follow-up visits. Finally, data from HUAS (ie, population size), case registry (ie, the total number of suspected pertussis cases) and case–control study (ie, the prevalence or population attributable fraction of Bordetella pertussis) will be combined to calculate incidence and its 95% CI through bootstrap method. Epidemiological analyses will be conducted to determine the risk factors associated with severe sequelae of pertussis.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention’s Institutional Review Board (no. ICDC-202110). Results will be disseminated via academic presentations and publication in peer-reviewed journals, and will provide valuable scientific data and some new insights into the incidence, aetiology and risk factors for severe sequelae of pertussis to academic societies and the public health authorities who is currently struggling and fighting against this burdensome disease worldwide.

目的 了解乙肝相关知识的知晓情况,分析HBV感染孕妇母婴阻断影响因素,为提高母婴阻断效果提供参考.方法 对2018年5月至2019年10月在河南省新郑市所有医院孕产妇HBV感染情况进行筛查和登记,对参与母婴阻断效果研究的对象进行问卷调查,主要内容包括一般人口学信息和乙肝相关知识.实验室检测HBsAg、HBeAg、HBeAb和HBV DNA.新生儿出生后按照0-1-6月接种乙肝疫苗,在完成全程接种1个月后采集标本,检测HBsAg和HBsAb进行母婴阻断分析.结果 共计调查孕妇18 522名,其中HBV感染占2.8％(528/18 522),参与母婴阻断的192名HBV感染孕妇,平均年龄为(28.9±3.7)岁,大专以上文化程度占45.3％.HBeAg阳性孕妇占29.4％,HBV DNA载量高于2x105 IU/mL的占21.3％,HBV感染孕妇关于乙肝知识的知晓率为83.3％,母婴阻断成功率为97.4％,其中HBeAg(-)和HBeAg(+)母亲所生新生儿母婴阻断成功率分别为100.0％和91.2％,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002),新生儿HBsAb阳性率分别为95.6％和87.7％,差异有统计学意义(x2=3.899,P=0.048);孕妇HBV DNA载量HBV DNA≥2×105和＜2x 105 IU/mL阻断成功率分别是87.7％和100.0％,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000 36).结论 HBV感染孕妇母婴阻断成功率与HBeAg阳性与否及病毒载量高低直接相关,提高孕妇乙肝相关知识知晓率,有针对性的进行抗病毒治疗,降低HBV复制活性,是提高母婴阻断成功率的关键.

目的 了解河南省≥60岁人群流感样疾病(Influenza-like illness,ILI)流行特征.方法 在河南省22家流感监测哨点医院收集2016年4月-2021年3月≥60岁人群ILI病例,分析ILI就诊比例;定期采集部分ILI病例咽拭子标本,检测流感病毒核酸,分析检测阳性率.结果 2016年4月-2021年3月各哨点医院共报告≥60岁人群ILI病例29 151例,占总就诊病例数的0.07％;各监测年度ILI就诊比例在0.03％-0.13％之间.ILI就诊在第3-6周达到高峰.ILI病例流感病毒核酸检测总阳性率为18.47％(399/2 160),5个监测年度阳性率分别为16.84％(65/386)、34.73％(174/501)、23.11％(116/502)、14.38％(44/306)、0.00％(0/465);流感病毒 A(H1N1)型、A(H3N2)型、B型、混合型阳性率分别为7.92％、6.11％、4.40％、0.05％.结论 河南省≥60岁人群ILI呈冬春季流行高峰,流感病毒流行株以A(H1N1)、A(H3N2)和B型为主交替流行.