介绍分析化学理论课和实验课教学的实践与思考,包括讲好绪论、引入口诀、引入表格、巧设比喻、引入实验案例、加强巡视指导、优化实验课评价方式以及课程思政的应用,以期与同行交流.

以内蒙古医科大学药学专业学生为研究对象,探讨药学专业分析化学多元化线上线下混合教学模式的构建.教学过程中充分发挥线上、线下教学的优势,对课前、课中、课后等环节进行整合,构建教学质量评价指标体系,有效提高分析化学教学质量与教学效率.

目的:探究益气活血通痹方对冠心病心绞痛患者的应用效果.方法:选择我院2019年5月至2019年12月接收的70例冠心病心绞痛患者,按照随机分组法分为对照组和观察组,对两组患者治疗前后血管阻力、血管弹性、血液粘稠度以及治疗效果行统计对比分析.结果:对照组治疗效果显著低于观察组;且经治疗后,对照组患者的血管阻力、血液粘稠度均低于观察组,血管弹性高于观察组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:对冠心病心绞痛患者实施益气活血通痹方,可有效控制患者的病情症状,治疗效果较为理想,值得临床推广.

赵国定教授为上海市名中医,擅长运用中医药治疗心血管疾病.在膏方辨治胸痹方面,赵国定教授以"因人施膏、整体调理"、"扶正补虚、调治兼施"、"健脾醒胃、动静结合"为总的指导原则.他根据冠心病易感体质,认为临床上胸痹病属本虚标实,本虚表现以(阳)气虚证、气阴两虚证型为主,邪实往往表现以痰浊与瘀血互结证型为主,治宜"痰瘀同治,治辨虚实",从整体出发,以平和为主辨证施膏.膏方不唯补,宜调补与治病并施,衷中参西,同时善用药对.他善调理脾胃以治疗冠心病,提出"培土之本,以养心颐"的观点,用药讲究动静结合.结合具体病例分析,能够指导临床,行之有效.

本文选择药学专业分析化学课程“沉淀滴定法”进行说课设计,从教材分析、学情分析、教法与学法、教学过程、教学反思进行了说课设计,结合自身教学体会,在分析教材和学生的基础上,精心安排教学过程,以提高教学效果和学生的学习能力和综合素质.

动脉粥样硬化(AS)是心脑血管疾病发生的重要危险因素与病理基础,而颈动脉粥样硬化斑块(CAS)更是预测、判断全身重要动脉病变情况的关键因素.因此对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的干预和防治具有重要的临床意义.目前现代医学对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的治疗主要是通过他汀类等药物调脂稳定斑块以及抗血小板聚集药物的治疗.但在部分人群中,这些药物的使用,存在诱发转氨酶升高、出血等用药安全性问题.因此中医药对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的防治越来越受到重视.文章通过对近年来颈动脉粥样硬化的中医药研究的相关文献进行分析、总结,从中医对颈动脉粥样斑块的病名认识、病因病机认识、其与体质的关系、辨证分型、辨证治疗等方面对其研究进展进行论述.

赵国定教授认为在心系疾病中,痰湿是重要的致病因素.在诊治痰湿相关心系疾病时,重视脾胃、气候及个体差异,善用对药,从通、清、益等不同治法辨治相关疾病,并举相关临床验案三则.

介绍赵国定教授中医药治疗原发性高血压病的临床经验.赵国定教授临证注重益气培元、活血潜阳、痰瘀同治、阴阳同调、调护脾胃,加强健康教育,全面调节血压,积极防治心脑肾等并发症,做到“防大于治”.

介绍赵国定主任医师辨治冠心病的临床经验.认为老年性冠心病总属本虚标实之证,以脾虚失运为本,气滞、痰湿、血瘀为标;治疗重固护脾胃,并理气血、化痰湿、清热毒.举验案1则.

目的:观察骨康灵联合锝-99亚甲基二磷酸钠(99Tc-MDP)干预兔股骨头无菌性坏死(ANFH)的疗效,探讨其作用机制及指导临床实践.方法:将兔子随机分成两组:正常组、ANFH组;采用肌肉注射地塞米松磷酸钠方法制作ANFH模型,8周后进行ANFH模型鉴定,将造模成功的兔子随机分成ANFH组、99Tc-MDP组、骨康灵组和99Tc-MDP联合骨康灵组,16周治疗后评价各效应指标.结果:HE染色提示,ANFH组兔骨小梁排列稀缺和断裂现象,呈骨组织明显破坏形态;99Tc-MDP组骨小梁形态较ANFH组明显的致密、增粗;骨康灵组骨小梁密度较ANFH组有所增加,骨小梁断裂现象消失;99Tc-MDP联合骨康灵组股骨头的骨组织形态排列较规则、均匀,无明显组织破坏.与ANFH组比较,99Tc-MDP组和99Tc-MDP联合骨康灵组骨密度、骨生物力学、骨形态计量、99mTc-MDP骨骼显像ROI比值、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血清骨钙素(BGP)等检测结果有差异(P＜0.05).结论:骨康灵对ANFH模型有一定的抑制骨吸收作用,与99Tc-MDP联合治疗后效应更明显,可能存在增效协同作用.

目的:观察芪麦口服液对高脂血症大鼠高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)及超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)表达的影响.方法:将Wistar大鼠随机分为模型组、阳性对照组及芪麦口服液低剂量组、芪麦口服液高剂量组,每组各10只.各组大鼠均腹腔注射70万U/kg维生素D3,连续3d之后,喂饲高脂饲料21 d建立高脂大鼠模型.芪麦口服液低、高剂量组在造模的同时分别以0.935、3.760 mg·g-1·d-1的药量进行灌胃,阳性对照组以阿托伐他汀片0.002mg·g-1·d-1进行灌胃.分别于造模前及用药后1周、2周、3周检测大鼠血清中HDL和hs-CRP的含量.结果:造模后各组均随高脂饲料的持续给予,血清中HDL水平逐渐下降、hs-CRP水平逐渐增高.各药物干预组灌胃1周时血清HDL水平与模型组无明显差异(P＞0.05),而连续干预2周和3周时HDL水平的下降趋势均较模型组得到明显缓解(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);除芪麦口服液低剂量组灌胃1周时大鼠血清hs-CRP水平与模型组无明显差异(P＞0.05)外,其余各药物干预组及各时间点均可显著抑制hs-CRP水平的增高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).其中,芪麦高剂量组总体优于低剂量组,并与阳性药物组作用相当.结论:芪麦口服液能够有效调节动脉粥样硬化大鼠高密度脂蛋白水平,抑制超敏C-反应蛋白的血清水平表达.

介绍赵国定教授治疗冠心病应用丹参和党参(益气活血),桂枝和瓜蒌皮(温阳通痹),川芎、桃仁和红花(活血化瘀),夜交藤和合欢皮(宁心安神),麦冬和天花粉(滋养心阴),茶树根和毛冬青(清热解毒),柴胡和枳壳(疏肝理气)等对药的经验.

目的探讨不同双磷酸盐药物联合"骨康灵"治疗兔股骨头无菌性坏死（ANFH）模型的疗效分析。方法采用肌肉注射地塞米松磷酸钠方法制作ANFH动物模型;制作动物模型成功后,将实验兔设为A组（正常对照组）、B组（ANFH对照组）、C组（"99Tc-MDP"治疗组）、D组（"阿仑膦酸钠"治疗组）、E组（"骨康灵"治疗组）、F组（"99Tc-MDP"联合"骨康灵"治疗组）和G组（"阿仑膦酸钠"联合"骨康灵"治疗组）,疗程为16周,后比较各组之间骨密度、影像学及生化指标变化并评价疗效。采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学处理。结果 ANFH模型组与正常组比较显示:骨组织病理学、99mTc-MDP骨显像,骨密度、骨生物力学、骨形态计量、ALP、BGP均有明显差异（P＜0.01）。经过不同药物联合治疗后,C、D、E、F、G组经治疗后与B组相比,骨组织病理学、99mTc-MDP骨显像,骨密度、骨生物力学、骨形态计量、ALP、BGP均比B组有有明显统计学意义;疗效评判结果显示:F组为显效基本接近A组,C组、G组和D组均为有效,但E组疗效相对不明显。结论药物"99Tc-MDP"联合联合"骨康灵"治疗骨质疏松效果优于其他药物治疗;因此,中草药联合"99Tc-MDP"可能成为治疗骨质疏松的有效治疗方法。

依那普利是第二代长效血管紧张素Ⅱ转换酶抑制剂（ ACEI），已成为治疗高血压、心力衰竭、糖尿病及其并发症等疾病的重要药物。此类患者常伴有多个脏器病变，往往需要同时服用多种药物，增加了药物相互作用发生不良反应的几率。规范的联合用药可以利用药物的相互作用，产生叠加、协同作用，减少用药量及不良反应。本文对近年来依那普利治疗高血压、糖尿病肾病、心力衰竭过程中，与其他常用药物联合应用的文献进行综述，总结联合用药对临床效果的影响。

This study was aimed to optimize the best extract artwork of total saponins from Herba Dianthi by en-zyme assisted ultrasonic wave. Content of saponins was used as test standard. The UV spectrometry was optimized through the single factor experiment and orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimum ultrasonic extraction conditions were at 180 W of ultrasonic power, 1:30 solid to liquid ratio, with enzyme dosage of 4.0 mg and the re-action time was 15 minutes. Under these conditions, the average extraction rate was 2.367%. It was concluded that this technology was an optimum procedure in extracting saponins from Herba Dianthi and it was economical and reasonable, so it can be used for the extraction of saponins from Herba Dianthi.

Objective To investigate the antihypertensive effect ofHuoxue Qianyang Formulaon prothrombotic state(PTS)in patients with hypertension.Methods Ninty-nine cases with hypertension of blood stasis and yang hyperactivity pattern were randomized into group A(treated with Chinese medicine),group B(treated with Amlodipine Tablet and Chinese medicine),control group(treated with Amlodipine Tablet),with 33cases in each group,with the course of 8weeks.The blood pressure,clinical symptoms and levels of blood plasma vWF,DD and Fig were observed.Results ①After 8weeks treatment,96cases were finished this clinical observation.Thirty-one cases in group A,32cases in group B and 33cases in control group.② There were significant differences in systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and clinical symptoms among the three groups between before treatment and 28th day after treatment or between before treatment and 56th day after treatment(P0.05).On the 28th day and 56th day,no significant difference was found in systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and clinical symptoms among the groups(P0.05).After treatment,there were significant differences in systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and clinical symptoms between treatment groups and control group at the 28th day and 56th day(P0.05).there were significant differences in systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and clinical symptoms between the two treatment groups at the 28th day and 56th day after treatment respectively,and the therapeutic effect of group B was better than the group A(P0.05).③ The levels of vWF,DD and Fig before treatment were different from that of the 56th day after treatment among the three groups(P0.05);at the 56th day,there were significant difference in the levels of vWF,DD and Fig between treatment groups and control group(P0.05);significant differences were found in the levels of vWF,DD and Fig between the two treatment groups,and the therapeutic effect of group B was better than the group A(P0.05). Conclusion CombinedHuoxue Qianyang Formulaand Amlodipine Tablet can lower the blood pressure,alleviate clinical symptoms,improve PTS in patients with hypertension of blood stasis and yang hyperactivity pattern.

药学类化学实验单独设课,实验课不再依附于理论课,成为一门独立的课程,有自己独立完整的教学大纲体现教学目标,实验的教学工作由实验中心负责各个相关教研室配合,改变了原来药学专业的化学类实验分别依附于无机化学、分析化学、有机化学、物理化学四门理论课的状况。将原无机化学实验、容量分析实验、仪器分析实验、有机化学实验、物理化学实验整合为一个统一的化学实验,制定了配套的考核方法。提高了学生学习积极性,增强了学生实际操作能力,改善了教学效果。

目的 ＂99Tc-MDP＂结合＂骨康灵＂联合治疗骨质疏松模型的分析。方法制作兔骨质疏松动物模型并进行实验分析。购置实验兔49只,分为7组：A组（正常对照组）、B组（骨质疏松对照组）、C组（＂99 Tc-MDP＂治疗组）、D组（＂阿仑膦酸钠＂治疗组）、E组（＂骨康灵＂治疗组）、F组（＂99 Tc-MDP＂联合＂骨康灵＂治疗组）、G组（＂阿仑膦酸钠＂联合＂骨康灵＂治疗组）。采用肌肉注射＂地塞米松磷酸钠注射液＂（DX）制作兔骨质疏松模型,2次/每周,连续6周,以后骨质疏松模型继续维持＂DX＂肌肉注射,但剂量改为一次/周,直至试验结束。分别在骨质疏松的基础上进行治疗,疗程为16周。疗效评判指标：病理细胞学、骨形态计量分析、骨密度检测、生物力学试验、X线摄片、CT摄片、核素骨骼显像ROI的比值、血清BALP、BGP检测。各治疗组试验数据统计结果与B组相比较,依次评判疗效为显效、有效和无效。统计方法：SPSS13.0软件分析数据,所得数据采用x珋±s表示,采用方差分析和组间比较t检验。结果治疗16周后的下一周对各组受试动物进行相关指标检测,结果显示：A组与B组的骨形态计量（121.595±33.445和65.280±21.907）、骨密度（股骨头、L4分别为0.309±0.015、0.298±0.017和0.238±0.011、0.233±0.015）、骨生物力学（股骨头、L4分别为404.433±43.655、698.380±77.520和269.437±40.595、349.350±57.288）、核素骨骼显像（4.126±0.643和6.734±0.458）、BALP（9.000±2.828和42.833±12.714）、BGP（0.105±0.0147和0.176±0.0263）,检测结果差异明显（P值均〈0.01）,病理细胞学显示B组实验兔骨小梁排列稀疏,存在较明显的骨小梁断裂现象,而A组骨小梁排列规则、正常。但X线摄片和CT摄片比较差异不显著。证明本次实验制作兔骨质疏松动物模型成立。各治疗组与B组比较也存在不同程度的差异,方差分析示：形态计

Objective To investigate the value of 99Tc-MDP combined with GUKANGLING for the treatment of osteoporosis model.Methods Rabbit osteoporosis model was established and analyzed.Forty-nine rabbits were bought and divided into 7 groups,including Group A(normal control),Group B(osteoporosis control),Group C(99Tc-MDP treatment group),Group D(lendronate sodium treatment group),Group E(GUKANGLING treatment group),Group F(99Tc-MDP combined with GUKANGLING treatment),and Group G(alendronate sodium combined with GUKANGLING treatment).Rabbit osteoporosis model was made by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate,twice a week for 6 weeks continuously.Dexamethasone was then injected once a week until the experiment ended.The treatment was conducted for 16 weeks.Pathocytology,BMD,biomechanics,bone morphology,X-ray,CT,radionuclide bone scintigraphy,and serum BALP and BGP were used to compare the treatment results.SPSS 13.0 was used to analyze the data.A variance analysis and t-test were chosen as the statistics method.Results Relative indexes were examined on the next week after the 16-week treatment.Results showed that bone morphology(121.595±33.445 and 65.280±21.907),BMD(femoral head,L4 0.309±0.015,0.298±0.017 and 0.238±0.011,0.233±0.015),bone biomechanics(femoral head,L4 404.433±43.655,698.380±77.520 and 269.437±40.595,349.350±57.288),radionuclide bone scintighraphy(4.126±0.643 and 6.734±0.458),and serum BALP(9.000±2.828 and 42.833±12.714),BGP(0.105±0.015 and 0.176±0.026) were significantly different between Group A and Group B(P<0.01).The pathocytology of Group B showed diffused trabecula lining and more apparent trabecular broken.But in Group A,the trabecular was formulated in a normal state.This result proved the success in the osteoporosis animal model establishing.The treatment groups showed difference compared to Group B.The variance analysis showed bone morphology F=12.371,BMD F=8.832 in the femoral head and F=7.174 in L4,bone biomechanics F=10.548 in the femoral head and F=22.737 in L4,radionuclide bone scintighraphy F=24.830,BALP F=37.356,and BGP F=12.031,with statistical differences(P<0.01).Group F improved most apparently,and then Group C,G,and D,according to efficacy data.Group E did not showed apparent improvement in BMD and biomechanics,but a little improvement showed in bone morphology,radionuclide bone scintigraphy,and serum BALP and BGP.Conclusion The combining treatment of 99Tc-MDP and GUKANGLING show a better result.Combing with Chinese traditional medicine,99Tc-MDP may have activity of protecting SOD,suppressing the differentiation of mononuclear osteoclast precursor,decreasing the calcium lose.It may relate to the effect of benefiting qi for activating blood circulation and reinforcing liver and kidney to strengthen bones of KUKANGLING.A combining treatment of Chinese medicine and western medicine may enhance the clinical effect.