Las actitudes hacia la comida son aquellas creencias, pensamientos, sentimientos y comportamientos en relación con la comida que desembocan distintos trastornos y patologías alimenticias. Actualmente, existen estudios sobre los trastornos alimentarios, pero pocos abordan de manera exhaustiva y específica los hábitos, pensamientos y actitudes que constituyen un problema grave para la salud de las personas. En efecto, el objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar las actitudes hacia la comida en las estudiantes universitarias, entre los 18 y 25 años, de la ciudad de Bucaramanga. El estudio se realizó con una muestra de 44 estudiantes mujeres de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, en el cual se realizó un análisis descriptivo a través de la escala EAT-26, que permitió observar el riesgo o estado de las mujeres con dichas actitudes. Se encontró que el 56.81 % de las encuestadas presenta riesgo de sufrir trastornos de la alimentación. En las asociaciones que se realizaron no se halló una relevancia estadística, es decir que no hay asociación entre tener un patrón de dieta de riesgo y desarrollar riesgo de trastorno de la alimentación, así como tampoco con la bulimia y control oral.

Introduction: Congenital heart diseases are related to heart defects that develop during pregnancy and are present at birth. Children must regularly attend specialized clinical centers for treatment, which includes medical check-ups, hemodynamic procedures, and surgery. Nevertheless, the success of interventions largely depends on the education of parents and caregivers about the symptoms and warning signs that babies with complex congenital heart disease may present during the period between stages. Likewise, it is necessary for caregivers to have tools to face the barriers of the health system, such as, obstacles or delays in obtaining healthcare services. This facilitates timely health care for patients and avoids fatal outcomes or deterioration in quality of life. Materials and Methods: This document presents a system that provides support to patients with complex congenital heart disease in follow-up by a home monitoring program. The system consists of a mobile application that allows parents/caregivers to monitor physiological variables of the patients (weight, intake, and oximetry). The information registered in the application is sent for real-time evaluation by the medical team. Results:The application provides an effective means for sending data and communicating with the medical control center, in addition to offering educational and informative material. In this way, parents/caregivers get constant help and feedback about their baby's condition. Conclusions: The mobile application could help mitigate the costs of medical care and overcome the limitations of follow-up at home, giving doctors the possibility to see the patient's evolution and give timely recommendations.

Objetivo: describir mediante la aplicación de minería de datos quién desarrolla obesidad y síntomas depresivos (SD) en la población adolescente de la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Métodos: a través de un estudio descriptivo y transversal anidado en una cohorte poblacional. Se evaluaron 432 adolescentes. Se captó información de variables sociodemográficas, SD y medidas antropométricas. Se llevaron a cabo análisis estadísticos para variables categóricas y continuas, así como un análisis de minería de datos. Resultados: el 26.7% de los adolescentes presentó exceso de peso. Se observó que más de la mitad de la muestra presentó SD. El análisis de minería de datos permitió identificar seis grupos de participantes de acuerdo con sus características con relación al peso y a los SD. Conclusiones: la relación entre SD y obesidad se estableció en el grupo de mujeres adolescentes, observándose que aquellas con un peso mayor a 2 desviaciones estándar presentaban todos los SD.

Las enfermedades congénitas complejas son un grave problema de salud pública que afecta a millones de niños y sus cuidadores en el mundo, razón por la cual es necesario generar programas de apoyo formal para favorecer el seguimiento en casa de estos menores y así, incrementar la adherencia al tratamiento y reducir la mortalidad interestadio. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la percepción de los cuidadores frente a un programa integral en salud, planeado sobre la educación y el uso extenso de las herramientas de telecomunicación para el seguimiento en casa de niños con cardiopatías congénitas complejas, en el marco del proyecto Promesa de la Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, a partir de un enfoque cualitativo de diseño fenomenológico. La muestra seleccionada estuvo compuesta por 12 cuidadores con quienes se realizó entrevista a profundidad y grupo focal. Los datos fueron analizados a través del software para el análisis de estudios cualitativos Atlas ti, estableciendo las siguientes categorías: Valoración del proyecto y del programa integral, Experiencias con el uso de dispositivos médicos, tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación, Comunicación y relación con profesionales, Apoyo institucional y Redes de cuidadores. Se concluye que implementar las Tic en el tratamiento de cardiopatías congénitas complejas es una estrategia novedosa y aceptada por los cuidadores, que se ajusta a las condiciones del sistema de salud colombiano y a las necesidades de los usuarios.Palabras clave: cardiopatías, cuidadores, salud pública, experiencias, cualitativo (fuente: DeCS, BIREME).

El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la relación entre los niveles de estrés, la valencia y la predictibilidad de sucesos vitales en relación con el índice de ansiedad y depresión de estudiantes de una universidad privada en el nororiente de Colombia. Se trabajó bajo una metodología cuantitativa, con diseño transversal de tipo no experimental y alcance descriptivo-correlacional. La muestra fue de carácter no probabilístico a conveniencia constituida por un 33.7% (n = 186) de hombres y 66.3% (n = 366) de mujeres, con una edad promedio de 18.9 años. Las variables del estudio se evaluaron con: el Inventario de Depresión de Beck II, el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck y el Cuestionario de Sucesos Vitales. Se encontraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre los niveles de ansiedad y depresión con la valencia negativa y la predictibilidad del suceso. Estos resultados apoyan la teoría de indefensión-desesperanza y discrepan de evidencia científica existente sobre esta temática.

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the world. Prevalence is estimated at around 100 million patients worldwide. There is evidence that antiplatelet agents and antihypertensive medication reduce the risk of new vascular events in this population, but treatment adherence is very low. Objective: We developed an intervention based on behavioral modification techniques delivered via mobile short message services (SMS) to increase the adherence to pharmacologic treatment on patients with prior history of ASCVD. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial for patients with a prior diagnosis of cardiovascular event such as acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral artery disease in one centre in Colombia. Patients randomized to the intervention arm were assigned to receive SMS daily for the first 4 weeks, five SMS on week 5: three SMS per week from week 6, and one SMS from 8th week until 52nd week. Patients in the control arm received a monthly SMS reminding them of the next study appointment, requesting information about changes in phone number, thanking them for participating in the study and reminding them of the importance of the study. Primary endpoint was change in Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) and the secondary endpoints were change in thromboxane B2 levels, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Medication adherence was measured with the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS 5), mortality and new cardiac hospitalization were assessed at one year end point. A logistic regression analysis and bivariate testing was performed. Results: Nine hundred and thirty patients were randomized, 805 (87%) completed follow up, and were analyzed for the primary endpoint. There was no difference between arms in change of LDL-C at 12 months (P=.41). or for any of the secondary outcomes. No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: In our study we did not find evidence that a behavior modification intervention delivered by SMS improved LDL-C, blood pressure levels or adherence at 12 months. More research is needed to evaluate whether different SMS strategies including personalized messages and with different timing are effective; future studies should include mixed methods to understand better why, for whom and in which context (e.g. health system, social environment) SMS interventions work (or not) to improve adherence in patients with ASCVD. Clinical Trial: Clinicaltrial.gov Abstract Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the world. Prevalence is estimated at around 100 million patients worldwide. There is evidence that antiplatelet agents and antihypertensive medication reduce the risk of new vascular events in this population, but treatment adherence is very low. An intervention was developed based on behavioral modification techniques delivered via mobile short message services (SMS) to increase the adherence to pharmacologic treatment on patients with prior history of ASCVD. Objective The main aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intervention with SMS messages delivered by mobile phones to improve adherence to cardiovascular medications in patients with ASCVD. Nine hundred and thirty patients were randomized, 805 (87%) completed follow-up, and were analyzed for the primary endpoint. There was no evidence that the intervention changed the primary outcome LDL ( P = .41) , or any of the secondary outcomes evaluated (all p-value > .05). There was no evidence that the intervention was associated with adverse events. improved LDL-C, blood

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular medication for secondary prevention has been shown to be effective. However, cardiovascular patients have poor medication adherence, the consequences of which include premature death, recurrence risk, hospitalization, and high financial cost for the healthcare system. Behavioral interventions based on text messaging technology are a promising strategy to improving adherence in medications. In low-middle income settings there is no high-quality evidence of a behavioral program delivered by SMS; hence we describe the development, message content, and the program design of the intervention for improving adherence to cardiovascular medication.MethodsWe used the model reported by Abroms and colleagues’ for developing and evaluating text messages-based interventions. This model describes a process in which the intervention created is based on theory and evidence, the target audience is involved to ensure the intervention is engaging and useful, and there is a focus on implementation from the outset.ResultsOur main result was the design of the program, which consisted of a twelve-month structured intervention based on Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change. We wrote and validated clusters of texts messages targeting each stage of the model. Each message went through an examination process including the evaluation of former cardiovascular patients, experts and the team research personnel. Another important result was an understanding of patients’ perceptions of their experience of cardiovascular disease, barriers to accessing healthcare in Colombia and the use of mobile technology for health.ConclusionsAn SMS intervention has the potential to be an acceptable and effective way of improving adherence to medication in patients with cardiovascular disease. This paper describes the development and content of one such intervention.

INTRODUCTION:Anti-platelet therapy, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers and statins are cost-effective in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) for reducing the risk of ASCVD events. Unfortunately, there is abundant evidence that adherence to these cardiovascular medications is far from ideal. A recent Cochrane review showed a potential beneficial effect of Short Message Service (SMS) interventions on adherence to medication in ASCVD patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS:The txt2heart study is a pragmatic randomised single-blind controlled trial. The objective is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intervention with SMS messages delivered by mobile phones to improve adherence to cardiovascular medications in patients with ASCVD. The intervention consists of behavioural techniques delivered via SMS. The primary outcome is change in blood serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as an indicator of adherence to statins. Secondary outcomes will include systolic blood pressure as an indicator of adherence to blood-lowering therapies and heart rate as an indicator of adherence to beta-blockers, urine levels of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2, self-reported adherence to cardiovascular medications and rates of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation due to cardiovascular disease. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION:The study will be performed in compliance with the protocol, regulatory requirements, Good Clinical Practice and ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia evaluated and approved the trial. The txt2heart Colombia trial aims to provide robust evidence to evaluate whether SMS messages delivered through mobile telephones change the behaviour of Colombian patients who have suffered a cardiovascular event. Trial results will be presented to the local health authorities, and if the intervention is effective and safe, we hope this strategy will be implemented quickly because of its low cost and wide-reaching impact on the population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:NCT03098186.

Escopo. Descrever as relapoes entre as variaveis socio-demograficas e clinicas, o apoio social percebido e as estrategias de afrontamento numa amostra de pacientes com cancer. Metodologia. Pesquisa transversal de enfoque quantitativo, na que foram avaliados 82 pacientes com diagnostico de cancer, selecionados por amostragem nao probabilistica, a conveniencia. Como instrumentos foram utilizados a Escada de Estrategia de Coping Modificada (EEC-M) e o Questionario M05 para Apoio Social. Os dados medicos e socio-demograficos foram recoltados com um questionario desenhado para o estudo. Foi feita uma analise de correspondencias multiplas. Resultados. Foram encontrado que as variaveis medicas e socio-demograficas estao fortemente relacionadas com as pontuapoes dos questionarios. Uma tendencia particular na amostra foi que os dados foram agrupados em algumas caracteristicas socio-demograficas e clinicas. Conclusao. As variaveis socio- demograficas e clinicas estao relacionadas com a perceppao do apoio social e as estrategias de afrontamento em pacientes com cancer, sendo critica esta informapao para o desen ho de programas de intervengo psicologica em pacientes oncologicos.

This paper introduces the case of a woman with breast cancer who had developed a mixed depressive-anxiety disorder with avoidance behaviors. The patient presented depressive symptoms like listlessness, insomnia, weeping, food disorders and hopelessness though. Also, she exhibited physiological arousal and restlessness feelings. Additionally, the patient had an avoidance patron behavior in relation with all stimulus she believed could hurt her. Based on the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) the intervention planted the following objectives: the patient will learn to accept her illness and the emotional distress that she was experiencing, also, the patient will recover the other areas of her life that she had abandoned. The treatment was developed in 14 sessions. The therapist used these techniques: creative hopelessness, disabling verbal functions, values clarification and loss of control over private events. In the results, it was observed a positive change in the behavior of the patient as well as a decrease in emotional distress that was his reason for initial consultation

Intelligence in autistic spectrum disorders, especially high functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome has been the subject of numerous investigations that seek to establish intellectual ability observed in these subjects. Some of the most outstanding results indicate that fluid intelligence is one of the aspects of superior performance in this population compared to tests that measure crystallized intelligence such as the Wechsler scales, providing a reason for using in intelligence studies instruments that measure abstract reasoning and the analogical capacity, closely related to fluid intelligence function, one of this like the Raven progressive matrices. In the present research we evaluated 12 children with high functioning Autism and 6 with Asperger's syndrome through the WISC-IV and the Raven test. The results showed there are no significant differences between both measures of intelligence. However, we found that there are differences in the intellectual profile of both groups and that Asperger's syndrome appears to have a better intellectual level compared with high functioning Autism.

La inteligencia en los trastornos del espectro autista, especialmente en el autismo de alto funcionamiento y el síndrome de Asperger, ha sido tema de numerosas investigaciones que pretenden establecer la capacidad intelectual que se observa en estos sujetos. Algunos de los resultados más sobresalientes señalan que la inteligencia fluida es uno de los aspectos de desempeño superior en esta población, en comparación con el desempeño en las pruebas que miden inteligencia cristalizada como la escala Wechsler, razón por la cual los estudios sobre inteligencia deberían utilizar instrumentos que midan el razonamiento abstracto y la capacidad analógica, funciones estrechamente relacionadas con la inteligencia fluida, como lo es el test de matrices progresivas de Raven. En la presente investigación se evaluaron 12 niños con autismo de alto funcionamiento y 6 con síndrome de Asperger, a través de la escala de Wechsler IV y el test de Raven. Los resultados arrojaron que no existen diferencias significativas entre ambas medidas de inteligencia. No obstante, sí se encontró que existen diferencias en el perfil intelectual de ambos grupos y que el síndrome de Asperger parece tener un nivel intelectual superior, en comparación con el autismo de alto funcionamiento.

The neuropsychological profile of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) has been the subject of many debates and discussions. The cognitive functioning of this population is explained from theoretical models that address some of the issues that occur in these individuals. However, conflicting results have been found that hinder the general understanding of all the elements that characterize the intellectual profile observed in this population. Based on the above, the present article presents a theoretical reflexive review from the empirical evidence from research on the cognitive profile of the TEA of high performance (High Functioning Autism and Aspergers Syndrome).