本文阐述了潍坊烟区现代烟叶农场发展现状,分析了存在的问题,结合探索与实践提出了建议,包括创新"党支部+合作社"土地流转模式与稳定烟田资源、探索农场有效运行模式与持续保障烟田产出能力、推行全程机械化与持续保障烟农降本增效、搭建智慧烟叶平台与推进烟叶生产标准化、发展适度规模种植与保证烟叶产出质量、持续加强烟农队伍培育与夯实烟叶可持续发展根基等,并总结了取得的成效,以期为推动现代烟草农业发展提供参考.

通过经营成效差异探讨2.0～3.3、3.3～6.7、6.7～10.0 hm23种种植规模对烤烟生产主要环节的影响.结果表明,种植规模不同,技术措施落实不均衡,管理效能不一致,经营成效有差异.单户规模2.3 hm2,技术措施落实、管理效能、经营成效均实现最大化.

本文介绍了烟草烤房环保节能炉研发的关键内容,通过对比烤房环保节能炉和普通加煤炉的使用效果,探讨了烟草烤房环保节能炉使用的有效性和可行性.

为确定番茄斑萎病毒（TSWV）在山东烟草上的侵染,基于GenBank中已有的TSWV基因组序列设计该病毒特异性引物,通过总RNA提取,RT-PCR扩增,全基因组序列测定和拼接分析等,结果表明,山东临沂疑似病样中含有TSWV,该TSWV分离物具有3条RNA链,大小分别为8911、4773和2971bp,与国内已报道的其他TSWV分离物核酸序列同源性均在99.0%以上,蛋白氨基酸序列同源性均在98.0%以上。系统进化分析结果显示,该分离物与已报道的TSWV云南分离物聚类到同一分支中,推测山东烟区中的TSWV可能由云南烟区通过带毒介体的迁入而传入。该研究为山东烟区TSWV的发生流行溯源和该危险性病毒病的精准测报及防控提供科学依据。

为探寻有效调控烤烟生长后期植烟土壤氮素水平的措施,采用室内培养的试验方法,研究了葡萄糖、木屑及二者混合物对植烟土壤氮素转化及N2O排放的影响.试验设5个添加等量碳(纯碳3000 mg/kg)处理及1个对照:G1S0,葡萄糖:木屑=1:0(以纯碳计,下同);G2S1,葡萄糖:木屑=2:1;G1S1,葡萄糖:木屑=1:1;G1S2,葡萄糖:木屑=1:2;G0S1,葡萄糖:木屑=0:1;CK,不添加外源碳.结果表明,在培养1 d后,与对照处理相比,G1S0、G2S1、G1S1、G1S2处理的无机氮含量分别降低了51.71、61.78、62.33、62.46 mg/kg,而G0S1处理的无机氮含量却增加了4.12 mg/kg;G1S0,G2S1,G1S1,G1S2和G0S1处理的无机氮含量分别在培养7,14,14,14和28 d后达到最小值后呈不断增大的趋势.在培养结束时,与对照处理相比,添加碳源处理的无机氮降低量为96.80～148.10 mg/kg;除G0S1外,添加碳源处理较CK处理显著增加了CO2和N2O累积排放量(p<0.05).可见,添加葡萄糖、木屑及其混合物能够显著降低土壤中无机氮含量(p<0.05);葡萄糖与木屑混施较单施木屑可以加快微生物对氮素的固持并增强固持强度,较单施葡萄糖能够延长微生物对氮素的固持时间;添加外源碳增强了土壤微生物活性,同时也刺激了N2O排放.综合来看,葡萄糖和木屑混施降低无机氮含量的效果最好.因此,添加外源碳可作为一种调控植烟土壤氮素水平的措施.

[目的]为解决潍坊烟区因6月份降雨较少,造成了烟叶团棵期此段时间因水肥不协调引起的生长较缓慢的现象,[方法]在烤烟生长的团棵期施用豆渣发酵混悬溶液作为追肥.[结果]结果表明,在团棵期施用豆渣发酵混悬液,能够提高烟株的粗壮程度、产值和产量.[结论]对于烤烟团棵期因降水较少导致烟株生长迟缓的地区,建议采用团棵期烟田施用豆渣发酵混悬溶液法,来促进烟株生长.

过去在农业发展中,由于片面追求高产,忽视了农业发展与自然的协调性,导致了一系列的环境问题.我国古代"天人合一"思想阐述了人与自然和谐相处的方法,其包含的善待自然、合理利用生态资源的思想智慧,对于当代烟草农业的持续发展有着重要的指导意义.

为了探究烤烟烟叶回潮用水对烟叶中氯离子含量的影响,利用自来水及去离子水进行人工回潮试验.结果表明:用自来水或去离子水进行蒸汽回潮或直接喷洒回潮并不会显著改变烟叶中氯离子的含量.对自来水进行自然放置、 保温放置、 煮沸等处理,随着处理时间增加,氯离子浓度会逐渐提高,且后两者处理下氯离子浓度变化较大.自来水蒸气冷凝水中氯离子含量极低,仅为2.26 mg·kg-1.

Polylactic acid(PLA)nanofiber mats were successfully fabricated by an electrospinning technique.The effect of PLA nanofiber microstructure on oil absorption was investigated.Scanning electron microscope characterization show s that the precursor solution concentration plays an important role on the morphologies of PLA nanofibers,and higher PLA concentration can lead to the larger nanofiber diameter.The contact angle measurement indicates that PLA nanofiber exhibits both superhydrophobic and super-oleophilic properties.The oil-absorption experiment shows that the absorption capacity of the PLA nanofibers for lubricating oil,diesel oil and vegetable oil are 116g/g,35g/g and 45g/g,respectively.Hence,our PLA nanofiber mat exhibits high oil absorption rate,low water absorption rate and biodegradability,which is suitable to the absorption of spilled oil.

本试验以烤烟品种NC55为对照,研究鉴定5个不同基因型烤烟品种在山东生态区的植物学性状、农艺性状、经济性状、外观质量、感官品质、化学成分含量和抗病性等的差异.结果表明:不同基因型品种的生态差异性明显,各品种的农艺性状均表现较好,NC-YATAS6、豫烟11号和RGH51的综合经济性状相对表现较好,优于或与对照品种NC55相当;湘烟5号、Cc27需肥水平较高,NC-YATAS6、豫烟11号和RGH51以中等施肥水平较为适宜;各品种中部及上部原烟化学成分含量均在适宜范围内;湘烟5号的外观质量相对较好,优于NC55,Cc27和RGH51的外观质量与对照NC55相当;各品种的上部叶感官质量均低于对照品种,豫烟11号和湘烟5号的中部叶感官质量相对较好,与NC55相当.

In order to explore the changes of Maillard reaction compounds during natural aging of flue-cured tobacco, GC-MS was used to determine content of Maillard reaction compounds in tobacco leaves from Zhucheng. The results were as follows: content of Maillard reaction compounds in upper leaves increased gradually in the first 18 months, and reached the highest value in the 18th month. The content then kept stable after that. The content of Maillard reaction compounds in middle leaves increased slowly in the first 30 months, and significantly increased to 52.44 μg/g from the 30th to 36th months. Contents of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, amyl alcohol, 2-pentyl furan, etc. increased during aging. Content of other chemical components had no significant change. Maillard reaction compounds were significantly correlated to aroma quality, aftertaste, mixed gas, irritation and total score in upper leaves, and indole, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-ketone, nonanal, linalool oxide-1, furfuryl alcohol and other substances had a significant positive effect on smoking quality. On the other hand, 2,6-nonadienal and 2- pentyl furan had significant adverse effects on smoking quality in upper leaves. The simple correlation between Maillard reaction compounds and aroma concentration were significant at the level of 0.01 in middle leaves. In addition, aftertaste, mixed gas, irritation and total score were significantly affected by Millard reaction compounds. Indole, furfural, 2-acetylfuran, etc. had significant positive effects on smoking quality in middle leaves. In conclusion, aging can increase the content of Maillard reaction compounds and improve smoking quality of tobacco leaves.

为科学系统评价密集烤房烤后烟叶的香气质量，建立一种感官评吸与数理统计相结合的方法，对烟竿、烟夹、烟筐、大箱4种装烟方式的烤后烟叶进行化学成分分析、电子鼻无损检测和感官评吸。结果表明，利用主成分分析法、线性判别分析法能无损检测并显著区分不同装烟方式烤后烟叶的香气成分，烟夹烘烤与大箱烘烤差异最为显著。感官评吸也显示4种装烟方式以烟夹烘烤的烤后烟叶质量档次最佳，挂竿、烟筐次之，大箱烘烤最差，电子鼻分析结果与感官评吸结果相符合，利用电子鼻与感官评吸综合分析可更科学评价密集烤房不同装烟方式烤后烟香气质量。

本文基于层次分析法构建烟农专业合作社绩效评价的指标体系,通过信息熵技术和理想点原理构建评价模型,并应用该模型对15个样本烟农专业合作社进行绩效评价.结果表明,山东烟农专业合作社整体发展水平较高,但存在不平衡性;合作社年盈余、社员年均纯收入高于当地平均数比例、社员年均纯收入高于当地平均数比例、带动非社员数量四个指标在合作社绩效评价指标中尤为重要.政策建议:加强烟农专业合作社的标准化和规范化建设;政府、烟草公司应科学构建烟农专业合作社绩效评价体系,并依此制定相应政策.

烟草是我国重要的经济作物之一,其生产品质对我国烟草行业可持续发展具有决定性作用.烤房对烟叶品质的影响较大,不同类型烤房的烘烤性能不同,对烟叶品质的影响也存在差异.本文以卧式密集烤房、气流下降式密集烤房、气流上升式密集烤房和普通烤房为例,对不同类型烤房的烘烤效果进行简单说明.

On the basis of survey on the integrated service-oriented cooperative team of tobacco planters in Weifang, we introduces the development situation and characteristics of comprehensive cooperative team, and analyze the organization and management, service management, income distribution mechanism, and identify the existing problems, and propose some consummating measures such as implement scientific management, improving the quality of management personnel and the comprehensive cooperative development quality, increase financial support, improve the quality of service, etc.

In order to know the soil fertility situation of tobacco planting area,230 soil samples were collected from five main bases of Zhucheng in 2012.The results showed that the pH value of soil samples were all lower than 7.5,and most were in the appropriate range;the soil was rich in available N,P and Zn,but low in organic matter,available K and B.Therefore,the countermeasures were put forward as controlling N,stabilizing P,increasing organic matter and K,and supplementing B;fertilization by adjusting measures to local conditions due to the large differences of soil nutrient factors among five bases.

The field experiment was conducted to compare the mixed application effect of several suckercides on tobacco.The results showed that the effect of 200 times of flumetralin combined with 50 times of maleic hydrazide was the best with longer efficacy,lower impact to top leaf growth and the highest economic benefit.

To improve the bulk-cured tobacco quality,the eight-point curing technology was established after a series of studies.The new curing technology included 8 key temperature points(38,40,42,45,47,50,54 and 68 ℃) and the related parameters.When the technology was adopted,leaf yellowing was well harmonized with moisture loss during curing process,which favored the formation and accumulation of aroma substance as well as the degradation and transformation of pigments,starch and proteins,etc.As a result,the ratio of orange leaves,the ratio of high quality leaves,the average price and the smoking quality all increased,while the proportion of unfavorable leaves decreased.The preliminary application of the new curing technology has brought better economic and social benefits.This technology has high potential for wide application.

This paper summarized the research status of soil microorganisms in tobacco fields in recent years,mainly including the relationships between soil microorganisms and fertilizer application,soil nutrient,cropping system,rhizospheric soil nutrient.

A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen rate and ratio of base and topdressing on nitrogen uptake,accumulation,soil NO3——N contents,and leaf quality and yield.The results showed that,the effects were not obvious in dry matter accumulation amounts,nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation amounts of different treatments in early growth stage of flue-cured tobacco,reducing nitrogen application rate and basal dosage reduced nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation amounts in the mature leaves,and reducing nitrogen application rate made soil NO3——N contents in early and late growth stage of flue-cured tobacco decreased obviously.As the nitrogen increased,the reducing sugar contents and the ratio of total sugar to total plant alkaloid contents decreased,but total plant alkaloid and total nitrogen contents increased.The reducing sugar contents and the ratio of total sugar to plant alkaloid contents of the 30:70 of base and topdressing were larger than those of other treatments,the total plant alkaloid and total nitrogen contents were smaller,and the scent quality and aftertaste gained higher evaluation.The treatments of nitrogen rate 90 kg/ha,both of the 50:50 and 30:70 of base and topdressing increased economic value.Considering the yield,quality and the combined values,the best treatment was nitrogen rate 90 kg/ha with 30:70 of base: topdressing.