This study aimed to analyze the neurological changes induced by acrylamide (ACR) poisoning and their underlying mechanisms within the spinal cords of male adult Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 9 rats per group). ACR was intraperitoneally injected to produce axonopathy according to the daily dosing schedules of 20 or 40 mg/kg/day of ACR for eight continuous weeks (three times per week). During the exposure period, body weights and gait scores were assessed, and the concentration of Ca2+ was calculated in 27 mice. Protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (CDK5), and P35 were assessed by electrophoretic resolution and Western blotting. The contents of 3 '-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and calmodulin (CaM) were determined using ELISA kits, and the activities of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), PKA, and PKC were determined using the commercial Signa TECTPKAassay kits. Compared with control rats, treatment with 20 and 40 mg/kg of ACR decreased body weight and increased gait scores at 8 weeks. Intracellular Ca2+ levels increased significantly in treated rats; CaM, PKC, CDK5, and P35 levels were significantly decreased; and PKA and cAMP levels remained unchanged. CaMKII, PKA, and PKC activities increased significantly. The results indicated that ACR can damage neurofilaments by affecting the contents and activities of CaM, CaMKII, PKA, cAMP, PKC, CDK5, and P35, which could result in ACR toxic neuropathy.

Objective: To assess the effect of flavonoids on chronic prostatitis, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed. Methods: Through using subject word and random word, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for related records up to July 2018. The response rate and National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the flavonoids. The Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. The model of determining odds ratio (OR) was chose according to the value of I-2. Results: A total of 11 studies involving 975 subjects (experiment 516, control 459) were included. The overall OR of response rate was 0.31 (95%CI 0.11-0.89. P = 0.03). At the subgroup analysis, the OR of response rate of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) was 0.57 (95%CI 0.18-1.77, P = 0.33), while the OR of response rate of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) was 0.08 (95% CI 0.02-0.33, P = 0.0005). The OR of response rate of CP/CPPS (control was placebo) was 0.29 (95%CI 0.16-0.52, P < 0.0001). The overall OR of baseline NIH-CPSI was -0.1 (95%0-0.61-0.41, P = 0.70). The overall OR of posttreatment NIH-CPSI was -6.96 (95%CI -8.32 similar to -5.60, P < 0.00001). Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates that the flavonoids may be clinically beneficial through significantly improving the response rate and NIH-CPSI in chronic prostatitis patients and short-lasting antibiotics therapy in association with the flavonoids could be a better choose for CBP. Moreover, the flavonoids therapy has an excellent safety profile with minor adverse effects.

目的 建立大鼠丙烯酰胺(Acrylamide,ACR)神经中毒模型和钙蛋白酶抑制剂Calpeptin(CP)干预模型,探讨CP对ACR诱导的大脑微管(Microtubules,MT)损伤的干预作用及其机制,以期为ACR诱导的神经损伤提供预防与治疗的理论依据.方法 将40只SPF级雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、CP组、ACR组和ACR+CP组,每组10只.采用腹腔注射进行ACR染毒和CP干预,对照组给予生理盐水;CP组给予200 μg/kg CP;ACR组给予30 mg/kg ACR;ACR+CP组在给予30 mg/kg ACR后1h,给予200 μg/kg CP进行干预.每周3次,共4周.每周末进行大鼠体重、步态评分和转棒试验测定.处理结束后,迅速分离大脑组织,测定钙蛋白酶Calpain的活力,采用凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和免疫印迹法(Western blot)分析α-tubulin、β-tubulin、CDK5、p25和p35蛋白的含量.结果 与对照组相比,ACR组自第三周开始步态评分升高、转棒试验停留时间缩短(P＜0.05);与ACR组相比,ACR+CP组上述变化均有所改善(P＜0.05).至实验结束时与对照组相比,ACR组Calpain活力升高了59.86％(P＜0.05);与ACR组相比,ACR+CP组Calpain活力降低了32.80％(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,CP组CDK5和p35的含量呈现升高趋势,分别升高了31.01％和19.06％ (P＜0.05),ACR组α-tubulin、β-tubulin、CDK5、p25和p35分别升高了12.63％、21.14％、52.81％、40.58％和25.05％(P＜0.05),ACR+CP组CDK5和p35的含量呈现升高趋势,分别升高了42.80％和22.60％(P＜0.05).与ACR组相比,ACR+CP组α-tubulin、β-tubulin、CDK5、p25和p35分别降低了13.10％、10.96％、6.55％、12.79％和25.65％(P＜0.05).结论 CP对ACR诱导的MT损伤具有干预作用,其机制可能是CP通过Calpain调节p35-CDK5/p25通路来维持MT的稳定性.

Abstract Background: Published studies about passive smoking and cervical cancer have found inconsistent results. Hence, the present meta-analysis was performed to assess this association. Methods: A systematical search was performed to identify eligible cohort and case–control studies in PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases (up to March, 2018). The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa quality scale (NOS). The random effects model (REM) was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (ORs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot, using Begg's test and Egger's test. Results: Around 14 eligible studies were included for analysis, which included a total of 384,995 participants. The pooled ORs of passive smoking with cervical cancer risk was 1.70 (95% CI: 1.40–2.07, I 2 = 64.3%). Subgroups stratified by continent, study design, quality score, and cervical cancer types/phases suggested that the result was robust. For instance, the pooled ORs for the cohort and case–control studies was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.16–1.62, I 2 = 0%) and 2.09 (95% CI: 1.52–2.89, I 2 = 76.6%), respectively. The pooled ORs ranged from 1.61 (95%CI: 1.34–1.92) to 1.77 (95%CI: 1.44–2.16) after one study was removed each time in the sensitivity analyses, indicating that the result was stable. Publication bias was detected by funnel plot and Egger's tests. The recalculated ORs were 1.33 (95% CI: 1.21–1.47). Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides evidence that passive smoking is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer.

目的 通过制备神经干细胞(NSC)丙烯酰胺(ACR)中毒模型,探讨钙蛋白酶抑制剂calpeptin(CP)对ACR中毒的拮抗作用.方法 将新生24 h内Wistar乳大鼠的脊髓背根神经节(DRG)培养48 h制备原代NSC,用抗巢蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)单抗,采用免疫荧光染色法鉴定.原代NSC培养至第4天,将其分为细胞对照组、CP组(CP 4μmol·L-1)、ACR染毒组(ACR 760μmol·L-1)和ACR+CP组(ACR 760μmol·L-1+CP 4μmol·L-1),培养48 h.采用Western蛋白印迹法检测NSC中蛋白激酶A(PKA),PKC和磷酸化高相对分子质量神经丝(p-NF-H)蛋白表达水平,应用免疫荧光法在荧光显微镜下观察PKA,PKC和p-NF-H蛋白在NSC中的分布和表达.结果 经免疫荧光染色法鉴定,制备的原代NSC巢蛋白免疫反应阳性,NSC纯度>90％;经维生素A诱导,该原代NSC可分化成NSE阳性的神经元和GFAP阳性的神经胶质细胞.Western蛋白印迹实验结果表明,与细胞对照组相比,CP组NSC中PKA,PKC和p-NF-H蛋白表达水平无明显变化;ACR组PKA和PKC蛋白表达分别下降41.6％和29.4％(P<0.05),p-NF-H蛋白表达升高66.4％(P<0.05).与ACR组相比,ACR+CP组PKA和PKC蛋白表达升高68.9％和34.4％(P<0.05),p-NF-H蛋白表达降低18.6％(P<0.05).免疫荧光法实验结果表明,与细胞对照组相比,CP组NSC中PKA,PKC和p-NF-H荧光强度相近,ACR组PKA和PKC荧光强度减少且分布不均匀,p-NF-H荧光强度增加;与ACR组相比,ACR+CP组NSC中PKA和PKC荧光强度升高且分布均匀,p-NF-H荧光强度减弱.结论 ACR可导致NSC中PKA和PKC蛋白表达降低,p-NF-H蛋白表达升高;CP对ACR导致的上述变化有拮抗作用.

Background: Published studies about passive smoking and cervical cancer have found inconsistent results. Hence, the present meta-analysis was performed to assess this association. Methods: A systematical search was performed to identify eligible cohort and case-control studies in PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases (up to March, 2018). The quality of included studies was assessed by the NewcastleOttawa quality scale (NOS). The random effects model (REM) was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (ORs). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plot, using Begg's test and Egger's test. Results: Around 14 eligible studies were included for analysis, which included a total of 384,995 participants. The pooled ORs of passive smoking with cervical cancer risk was 1.70 (95% CI: 1.40-2.07, I-2=64.3%). Subgroups stratified by continent, study design, quality score, and cervical cancer types/phases suggested that the result was robust. For instance, the pooled ORs for the cohort and case-control studies was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.16-1.62, I-2=0%) and 2.09 (95% CI: 1.52-2.89, I-2=76.6%), respectively. The pooled ORs ranged from 1.61 (95% CI: 1.34-1.92) to 1.77 (95% CI: 1.44-2.16) after one study was removed each time in the sensitivity analyses, indicating that the result was stable. Publication bias was detected by funnel plot and Egger's tests. The recalculated ORs were 1.33 (95% CI: 1.21-1.47). Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides evidence that passive smoking is associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer.

目的:通过对两种降钙素原(PCT)检测系统进行方法学比对和预期偏差评估,探讨不同检测系统间PCT检测结果是否具有可比性和检测结果的偏差是否在允许范围内.方法:参照美国临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI)EP9-A2文件要求,Roche-e601全自动电化学发光免疫分析检测系统作为参考方法,Mlabs-m-101型定量免疫荧光检测系统作为比对方法,对患者血清PCT进行检测,计算相关系数和直线回归方程,评估两种检测系统之间的预期偏差.结果:两种检测系统所得的结果相关性良好(r=0.998,P<0.05),医学决定水平处的系统误差(SE％)为10.8％,在可接受范围内.结论:两种检测系统PCT结果具有可比性,能够满足临床检测要求.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the global scientific output of neurotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) and explore their hot spots and research trends. Articles about the neurotoxicity of NPs between 2008 and 2017 were taken from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The VOSviewer was used to analyze annual publications, countries/institutions, funding agencies, research objects, major journals, and international cooperation. The reference co-citation map and keywords were used to analyze the mechanisms of neurotoxicity of NPs. Six hundred and forty-one eligible studies were included for analysis, and the annual publications increased with time in the past decade. Based on the bibliometric analysis, China and the United States were the main countries in this field. Metals and metal oxides were the main types of NPs. Cell, rat, and mouse were the primary research objects of NPs. The main research hot spots might focus on the pathogenesis of NPs, such as oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study will help researchers understand the research status, hot spots, and trends of neurotoxicity of NPs.

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of calpeptin (CP) on acrylamide (ACR)-induced microtubule (MT) injury in the sciatic nerve of rats. All rats were divided into four groups (control, CP, ACR, and ACR + CP):1 ml/kg saline, 200 mu g/kg CP, 30 mg/kg ACR, and 30 mg/kg ACR plus 200 mu g/kg CP were administered to the corresponding rats for 4 weeks through intraperitoneal injection. Body weight and neurobehavioral indicators were measured weekly and alpha-tubulin, beta-tubulin, and other concerned proteins were estimated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. At 4 weeks, decreased body weight, increased gait scores, increased hindlimb splay, and decreased time of fall of ACR rats were observed compared with those of control rats. All these mentioned changes were restored in the ACR + CP group compared with the ACR group. After 4 weeks of administration, western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed significant increase in the protein levels of beta-tubulin, calpain I, calpain II, Tau, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), protein kinase C, and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in the ACR group compared with the control group; these increases were significantly lower in the ACR + CP group than in the ACR group. Furthermore, histopathological examination revealed loose arrangement, disorganised structure, uneven density, and exfoliated perineurium in the ACR group, and CP administration improved these changes significantly. The present results suggest that CP has an intervening effect on ACR-induced MT injury. A possible mechanism is that calpain maintains the stability of MTs by regulating the metabolism of Tau and MAP2.

The aim of this study is to explore the potent neuroprotective effect of calpeptin (CP) on neuron damage induced by acrylamide (ACR) and its mechanism. Behavioural indicators such as hind limb splay, rota-rod performance, and gait analysis were assessed weekly to evaluate neurobehavioural changes after ACR and/or CP administration. The histopathological alterations and the changes of-calpain, m-calpain, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin protein levels in spinal cord were determined. Results showed that after administration of 30 mg/kg ACR, decreased body weight, attenuated neurobehavioural function, injury of motor neuron, increased protein levels of m-calpain and beta-tubulin, suppressed MAP2 protein level, and no significant changes of mu-calpain and a-tubulin protein levels were observed compared with the control group rats. After administration of 200 mu g/kg CP, partially restored body weight and neurobehavioural function, improvement of motor neuron injury, decreased protein levels of m- calpain and beta-tubulin, and reversed effects of MAP2 protein level were observed compared with the ACR group rats. Our results suggested that CP alleviates neuropathy induced by ACR in rats. The calpain's overactivation causes the degrading of MAP2 and eventually leads to the destruction of microtubules (MTs), which may be one of the mechanisms of cytoskeletal damage induced by ACR.

Acrylamide (ACR) is widely used in working and living environments.The related studies have confirmed the neurotoxicity induced by acrylamide in human being and animals.The typical manifestations are acragnosis,ataxia and weakens or disappears of achilles tendon reflex.In recent years,the mechanisms of neurotoxicity induced by acrylamide,such as abnormal changes of cytoskeletal proteins,oxidative stress,abnormality of the energy metabolism and axonopathy of nerveterminal,but the specific mechanism is still unknown.In this paper,the physico-chemical properties,metabolism,typical manifestations,pathological features and mechanisms were reviewed.

Objective To examine awareness about occupational hazards prevention and its effect on peripheral blood among workers exposed to benzene.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among benzene-exposed workers selected by cluster sampling.The data was analyzed by using SPSS 16.0.Results 530 workers were surveyed,including 422 men (79.62%)and 108 women (20.38%).46.60% of workers didn't understand the occupational hazards and preventive meas-ures,47.17% of them generally understood,6.23% of them understood more clearly.Influence factors of understanding were cultural level and time length of service.The abnormality of leucopenia (2.10%) and peripheral blood (3.15%) among workers correctly used personal protective equipment were significantly lower than those who incorrectly used personal protective equipment (7.79%,12.30%).The abnormality percentages of leucopenia (3.79%),erythrocyte count (1.79%) and peripheral blood (5.58%)among workers who paid attention to check and timely deal with leakage problems of machinery e-quipment were significantly lower than those who did not do that (9.76%,7.32%,17.07%).The abnormality percentages of peripheral blood (4.35%)among workers who did sample collection or measurment on windward side were significantly lower than those on other windward side (25.00%),and the differences were significant (P <0.05).The occurrence rates of leukocytopenia and abnormal peripheral blood were decreased with the increasing of knowledge status among workers exposed to benzene (P <0.01).Conclusion Awareness of the occupational hazards in work and protective measures for benzene-ex-posed workers were lower.Understanding of the occupational hazards in work post and protective measures were the protect factors of peripheral blood.Correct behavior of prevention and control of occupational disease can reduce damage of peripheral blood.

Objective To examine the prevalence and risk factors of neck and shoulder pain (NSP) among taxi drivers.Methods A total of 719 taxi drivers were selected in Ji'nan city of Shandong province with cluster random sampling and surveyed face-to-face with a general questionnaire and modified Standardized Nordic Questionnaire for work-related musculoskeletal disorders between July and December 2013.Logistic regression was used to explore risk factors of NSP among the participants.Results The prevalence of NSP was 35.05％.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that night shift (odd ratio [OR] =2.157,95 ％ confidence interval [95 ％ CI] =1.405-3.313),smoking (OR =1.824,95 ％ CI =1.227-2.712),years of working ≥ 5 (OR =1.666,95 ％ CI =1.031-2.691),and part-time working (OR =1.599,95％ CI =1.122-2.279) were associated with increased risk of NSP reporting;while,education of senior high school or above (OR =0.454,95 ％ CI =0.302-0.683) and sleep duration of ≥ 8 hours per day (OR =0.446,95 ％ CI =0.274-0.725) were significantly associated with decreased risk of NSP reporting.Conclusion The prevalence rate of NSP is high and correlated positively with night shift,smoking,years of working,and part-time working and reversely with education level and sleep duration among taxi drivers in Ji'nan city.

Background Low back pain (LBP) is a common occupational problem for drivers all over the world. However, few epidemiological studies have investigated LBP among taxi drivers. Aims To investigate the prevalence of LBP and associated work-related factors among Chinese taxi drivers. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered to all participants. Using cluster sampling, questionnaires were collected from taxi drivers of three major taxi companies in Jinan, China. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) among participants. Results A total of 800 taxi drivers were invited to take part, with a participation rate of 90%. The 1-year period prevalence of LBP was 54%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that longer daily driving duration (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.9-5.9), night shifts (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1) and increasing work years as a taxi driver (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.5) were associated with increased risk of reporting LBP; while increased rest days per month (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.9), longer sleep duration (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9) and more physical activity (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8) were significantly associated with decreased risk of reporting LBP. Conclusions The prevalence of LBP among professional taxi drivers in China was associated with a number of occupational features.

目的 建立目视比色法测定工作场所空气中硫化氢浓度不确定度方式.方法 根据JJF 1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》,建立相应的数学模型,计算其各个不确定度分量并最终计算合成不确定度.结果 标准溶液配制过程中的相对不确定度分量为1.99％,目视比色求得样品溶液浓度引起的相对不确定度为5.32％,样品量移取与容量瓶、比色管定容引起的相对不确定度为0.82％,采样体积换算成标准采样体积时所引起的相对不确定度为0.57％,合成相对标准不确定度为5.8％,扩展不确定度为0.06 mg/m3.结论 本研究方法适用于目视比色法测定硫化氢浓度的不确定度评定.

目的 了解生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素,以便采取有效的预防控制措施,保护从业人员身体健康.方法 依据相关标准和规范,采用现场职业卫生调查、职业卫生检测、职业健康监护等方法分析某化工企业职业病危害控制效果.结果 粉尘作业点检测合格率为100.0％,有毒作业点检测合格率为100.0％,噪声作业点检测合格率为95.8％,高温作业点检测合格率为100.0％.结论 该化工企业职业病危害较为严重,应建立健全职业卫生管理制度,做到防尘、防噪声设施的有效运转和个人防护用品的有效使用.

The purpose of this study was to study the role of neurofilament (NF) mRNA and calpain in NF reduction of acrylamide (ACR) neuropathy. Male Wistar adult rats were injected i.p. every other day with ACR (20 mg/kg·bW or 40 mg/kg·bW) for 8 weeks. NF mRNA expression was detected using RT-PCR and the calpain concentration was determined using western blot analysis. The NF mRNA expression significantly decreased while the level of m-calpain and μ-calpain significantly increased in two ACR-treated rats groups regardless of the ACR dose. The light NF (NF-L) protein expression was significantly correlated with NF-L mRNA expression. Combined with previous data, the concentrations of three NF subunits were negatively correlated with the calpain levels. These findings suggest that NF-L mRNA and calpain mediated the reduction in NF of ACR neuropathy.

Aims: To assess passive smoking as a risk factor for developing type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Methods: A search of PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Elsevier ScienceDirect and Springer (up to March, 2014) databases were performed using subject and random words. Two authors independently extracted the data. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of included studies. The odds ratio (ORs) for the association was determined using a fix-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed and publication bias was assessed.Result: 7 prospective studies were included in this meta-analysis which included a total of 162,001 subjects. The overall OR for developing T2DM for passive smoking was 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20-1.46), with no significant heterogeneity between studies. The result was stable in the subgroup and sensitivity analyses, however there was evidence of publication bias. After the "fill and trim'' method, the recalculated OR was 1.27 (95% CI 1.161.40).Conclusions: Passive smoking is a risk factor of T2DM even in those who were not themselves active smokers. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

目的 分析某丙烯腈项目的危害程度及对劳动者健康的影响,评价职业病危害防护措施及其效果.方法 采用现场调查、检查表、检测检验法相结合的评价方法.结果 该装置存在的丙烯腈、乙腈、氰化氢、氨、粉尘、NaOH、硫酸等浓度均符合职业接触限值要求,丙烯腈外操8小时等效连续A声级不符合职业接触限值要求.结论 该项目从职业病防治的角度考虑具备了验收的条件,但应加强职业病防治知识培训,加强企业自我职业卫生监督检查,严格执行设备维护保养的规定和要求,保证事故状态下的应急处理能力,做好检修过程职业中毒危害的防护措施.