Oral DiseasesEarly View LETTER TO THE EDITOR Evaluating Foxp3+ T regulatory cells in tissue samples of oral lichen planus correlated with disease activity Xi Yang, Xi Yang orcid.org/0000-0001-6588-4124 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhang Zhiyuan Academician Workstation, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Danzhou, China College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China Contribution: Resources, Writing - original draftSearch for more papers by this authorZhexuan Bao, Zhexuan Bao orcid.org/0000-0002-4412-7498 Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China Contribution: Data curation, ​Investigation, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorJunyi Sun, Corresponding Author Junyi Sun [email protected] Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Special Clinic, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China Correspondence Junyi Sun, Department of Special Clinic, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China. Email: [email protected] Xuemin Shen, Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China. Email: [email protected] Contribution: Project administration, Supervision, ValidationSearch for more papers by this authorXuemin Shen, Corresponding Author Xuemin Shen [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-9646-5237 College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Correspondence Junyi Sun, Department of Special Clinic, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China. Email: [email protected] Xuemin Shen, Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China. Email: [email protected] Contribution: Conceptualization, Funding acquisitionSearch for more papers by this author Xi Yang, Xi Yang orcid.org/0000-0001-6588-4124 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhang Zhiyuan Academician Workstation, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Danzhou, China College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China Contribution: Resources, Writing - original draftSearch for more papers by this authorZhexuan Bao, Zhexuan Bao orcid.org/0000-0002-4412-7498 Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China Contribution: Data curation, ​Investigation, Writing - review & editingSearch for more papers by this authorJunyi Sun, Corresponding Author Junyi Sun [email protected] Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Special Clinic, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China Correspondence Junyi Sun, Department of Special Clinic, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China. Email: [email protected] Xuemin Shen, Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China. Email: [email protected] Contribution: Project administration, Supervision, ValidationSearch for more papers by this authorXuemin Shen, Corresponding Author Xuemin Shen [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-9646-5237 College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Correspondence Junyi Sun, Department of Special Clinic, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China. Email: [email protected] Xuemin Shen, Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China. Email: [email protected] Contribution: Conceptualization, Funding acquisitionSearch for more papers by this author First published: 03 August 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.14333 Xi Yang and Zhexuan Bao contributed equally to this work. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

目的 运用CBCT分析陕西地区人群上颌第二磨牙牙根和根管形态及变异情况.方法 筛选在我院进行CBCT检查的 1007 名陕西籍患者共 2014 颗上颌第二磨牙,对其影像资料进行回顾性分析,记录患者的性别、年龄、牙位、牙根和根管数目和形态,并对其进行分类和描述.结果 ①上颌第二磨牙中,3根的发生率最高(84.31%),其次为单根(8.69%),双根和 4 根的发生率较少;②上颌第二磨牙根管系统变异在近颊根、远颊根及腭根中均可发生.26.96%的近中颊根存在第二根管(MB2),男性的检出率高于女性,44 岁及以下年龄组检出率高于44岁以上人群;③上颌第二磨牙融合根的检出率为24.08%;④上颌第二磨牙左右两侧牙根及根管形态一致的比例为 84.31%.结论 陕西地区人群上颌第二磨牙牙根和根管变异较大,临床工作中要注意此变异在性别、年龄和牙位(左右两侧)中的差异.

Periodontal and peri-implant diseases are plaque-induced infections with a high prevalence, seriously impairing people's quality of life. The diode laser has long been recommended as adjunctive therapy in treating periodontitis. However, the optimal combination of usage mode (inside or outside periodontal pocket) and application regimen (single or multiple sessions of appointment) has not been described in detail. Meanwhile, probiotic Lactobacillus is regarded as a potential adjuvant in the management of the peri-implant disease. Nonetheless, a detailed protocol for an effective probiotic application is lacking. This article aims to summarize two clinical protocols. For periodontitis, the optimal collaboration of laser usage mode and application regimen was identified. Regarding peri-implant mucositis, a combined therapy containing professional topical use and home administration of probiotic Lactobacillus was established. This updated laser protocol clarifies the relationship between the treatment mode (inside or outside the periodontal pocket) and the number of laser appointments, further refining the existing diode laser therapy. For inside pocket irradiation, a single session of laser treatment is suggested whereas, for outside pocket irradiation, multiple sessions of laser treatment provide better effects. The improved probiotic Lactobacillus therapy resulted in the disappearance of swelling of the peri-implant mucosa, a reduced bleeding on probing (BOP), and an obvious reduction and good control of plaque and pigmentation; however, probing pocket depth (PPD) had limited improvement. The current protocol should be regarded as preliminary and could be further enhanced.

优选芩补中药牙周缓释凝胶制备的处方工艺并考察其药剂学性能.通过检测碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量,获得黄芩提取物与骨碎补提取物配伍的最佳质量比,并通过形态学、pH值、流变学、稳定性、回收率及药物的体外释放率等指标,考察制备得到的芩补中药牙周缓释凝胶的制剂学情况.黄芩提取物与骨碎补提取物配伍的最佳质量比为1∶1,且4％的芩补中药缓释凝胶的制剂学指标最佳.制备最佳配比的芩补缓释凝胶,为进一步考察其对小型猪牙周炎模型的体内药效学奠定实验基础.

Periodontal and peri-implant diseases are plaque-induced infections with a high prevalence, seriously impairing people's quality of life. The diode laser has long been recommended as adjunctive therapy in treating periodontitis. However, the optimal combination of usage mode (inside or outside periodontal pocket) and application regimen (single or multiple sessions of appointment) has not been described in detail. Meanwhile, probiotic Lactobacillus is regarded as a potential adjuvant in the management of the peri-implant disease. Nonetheless, a detailed protocol for an effective probiotic application is lacking. This article aims to summarize two clinical protocols. For periodontitis, the optimal collaboration of laser usage mode and application regimen was identified. Regarding peri-implant mucositis, a combined therapy containing professional topical use and home administration of probiotic Lactobacillus was established. This updated laser protocol clarifies the relationship between the treatment mode (inside or outside the periodontal pocket) and the number of laser appointments, further refining the existing diode laser therapy. For inside pocket irradiation, a single session of laser treatment is suggested whereas, for outside pocket irradiation, multiple sessions of laser treatment provide better effects. The improved probiotic Lactobacillus therapy resulted in the disappearance of swelling of the peri-implant mucosa, a reduced bleeding on probing (BOP), and an obvious reduction and good control of plaque and pigmentation; however, probing pocket depth (PPD) had limited improvement. The current protocol should be regarded as preliminary and could be further enhanced.

Background Oxidative stress mediated by hyperglycemia damages cell-reparative processes such as mitophagy. Down-regulation of mitophagy is considered to be a susceptible factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. However, the role of mitophagy in DM-associated periodontitis has not been fully elucidated. Apoptosis of human gingival epithelial cells (hGECs) is one of the representative events of DM-associated periodontitis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy activated in the process of high glucose (HG)-induced hGECs apoptosis. Methods For dose–response studies, hGECs were incubated in different concentrations of glucose (5.5, 15, 25, and 50 mmol/L) for 48 h. Then, hGECs were challenged with 25 mmol/L glucose for 12 h and 48 h, respectively. Apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), caspase 9 and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Subsequently, autophagy was evaluated by estimating P62, LC3 II mRNA levels, LC3 fluorescent puncta and LC3-II/I ratio. Meanwhile, the involvement of PINK1-mediated mitophagy was assessed by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Finally, hGECs were transfected with shPINK1 and analyzed by MMP, caspase 9 and annexin V-FITC apoptosis. Results The number of TUNEL-positive cells and caspase 9 protein were significantly increased in cells challenged with HG (25 mmol/L) for 48 h (HG 48 h). MMP was impaired both at HG 12 h and HG 48 h, but the degree of depolarization was more serious at HG 48 h. The autophagy improved as the amount of LC3 II increased and p62 decreased in HG 12 h. During this process, HG 12 h treatment induced PINK1-mediated mitophagy. PINK1 silencing with HG 12 h resulted in MMP depolarization and cell apoptosis. Conclusions These results suggested that loss of the PINK1 gene may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and increase sensitivity to HG-induced apoptosis of hGECs at the early stage. PINK1 mediated mitophagy attenuates early apoptosis of gingival epithelial cells induced by high glucose.

The study evaluated the effect of calcium‐based desensitizing toothpastes on the dentinal tubule occlusion and its influence on the dentin bond strength of universal adhesive. Mid‐coronal dentin samples were prepared for hypersensitivity model and treated by the following calcium‐based desensitizing toothpastes: no treatment (Control), Clinpro (fTCP), Pro‐Relief (Pro‐Argin), and Repair & Protect (Novamin). Single Bond Universal adhesive was applied in self‐etch or etch‐and‐rinse mode. The dentinal tubule occlusion and adhesion interface were evaluated under scanning electron microscope (SEM). A double‐fluorescence technique was used to examine interfacial permeability under confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The micro‐tensile bond strength (μTBS) was employed, followed by the fracture interface observation. SEM showed the toothpastes occluded dentinal tubules, and the occlusion exhibited stability against acid and abrasion. Hindered resin infiltration was observed in the adhesion interface after desensitization. CLSM showed more water permeation within or under the adhesion interface in etch‐and‐rinse mode than self‐etch mode. Desensitization decreased the μTBS in self‐etch mode. When using etch‐and‐rinse mode, the desensitized samples presented similar μTBS to the control group. No difference in μTBS was found between the two bonding modes, except for the control group. Calcium‐based desensitizing toothpastes can effectively occlude the exposed dentinal tubules with acid‐resistant and abrasion‐resistant stability. The desensitization reduced the dentin bond strength of the universal adhesive system in self‐etch mode but did not affect the bond strength of etch‐and‐rinse mode.

目的 探讨冰硼液冲洗对离体牙根管内粪肠球菌感染的临床疗效.方法 收集根尖完整、发育良好的单根管前磨牙,经高温高压灭菌后,根管内接种粪肠球菌厌氧培养4w建立粪肠球菌感染根管模型,之后随机分为3组(空白组:生理盐水+超声荡洗;阳性对照组:1％NaClO+超声荡洗;治疗组:冰硼溶液+超声荡洗).在根管预备冲洗前、后分别取样根管内和根尖4 mm不同牙本质深度内细菌计数,进行统计学分析.结果 根管表面和根尖4 mm不同牙本质深度的粪肠球菌数,在根管冲洗前三组均显著差异(P>0.05);根管冲洗后,阳性对照组和治疗组细菌计数结果均明显低于空白组,存在显著差异(P<0.05).结论 冰硼液可以有效清除感染根管表面和根尖4 mm不同牙本质深度的粪肠球菌,疗效可靠.

目的 评估Nd:YAG激光辅助龈下刮治术和根面平整术(SRP)在重度慢性牙周炎治疗中的疗效.方法 重度慢性牙周炎纳入患者的牙齿分布在口内4个象限,牙周探诊深度(PD)5～8 mm,附着丧失(AL)≥5 mm,探诊出血(BOP)阳性.符合纳入标准的患者按照就诊顺序随机分为SRP组、SRP+L组(SRP后行Nd:YAG激光治疗)及L+SRP组(Nd:YAG激光治疗后行SRP).记录各组在基线时与治疗8周时临床牙周指标BOP、PD和AL,并进行统计学分析.结果 治疗后8周,各组的BOP、PD和AL较基线均有所改善(P<0.05).SRP+L组和L+SRP组的BOP阳性率较SRP组明显减少(P<0.05).SRP+L组的PD较SRP组和L+SRP组明显变浅(P<0.05),其中基线时PD=7mm的位点,SRP+L组较SRP组和L+SRP组明显变浅(P<0.05).SRP组较SRP+L组和L+SRP组的AL明显减少(P<0.05).结论 Nd:YAG激光辅助SRP治疗重度慢性牙周炎可以更好地减少BOP,使PD变浅,且SRP后进行Nd:YAG激光治疗对于较深的牙周袋PD减少更明显,但对AL的改善无优势.

Objective:To explore the effect of 3D printing periodontal bone defect model of anterior teeth combined with case-based learning (CBL) teaching mode in the standardized residency training of loose teeth fixation.Methods:Sixty general practitioner of stomatology students were equally divided into two groups, with one group receiving CBL teaching (CBL group) and the other group receiving 3D printing model combined CBL teaching (3D+CBL group). After the teaching, the teacher evaluated the overall practice effects, tested the residents' theory and practice scores, and designed a questionnaire to evaluate the teaching effect. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and t test was used for comparison between the two groups. Results:The theoretical score (89.0±3.2) and the practical score (90.0±2.5) in the 3D+CBL group were significantly higher than the theoretical score (83.3±3.6) and the practical score (84.2±3.5) in the CBL group ( P<0.05). The questionnaire showed that the students of the 3D+CBL group performed significantly better than those in CBL group in the following eight aspects, including mastery of basic periodontal knowledge, professional knowledge of loose teeth fixation, ability to diagnose cases and formulate treatment plans, clinical operation ability, interesting teaching content, willingness to communicate with teachers, awareness of actively receiving patients, and satisfaction of standardized residency training ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The 3D printing periodontal bone defect model of anterior teeth combined with the CBL teaching mode has achieved good results in the teaching of loose teeth fixation, and it provides a reference for the application of 3D printing in clinical teaching for periodontology.

目的:评价3D打印牙周导板辅助松牙固定术完成树脂塑形方法的临床应用效果.方法:选取2018年3月～2019年8月西安交通大学口腔医院牙周科就诊的下前牙慢性重度牙周炎患者40例,金属丝结扎下前牙.其中20例经传统方法手工塑形复合树脂夹板(传统法),20例在3D打印牙周导板辅助下完成复合树脂的塑形(3D打印法).比较两种方法操作时间,患者美观感受,以及复诊3、6、12个月后金属丝暴露,牙齿松动度以及菌斑、牙石指数.结果:传统法松牙固定树脂塑形、光固化及修整总时间(74±10)min,3D打印组(18±5)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).6个月复查时,传统组金属丝暴露5人,3D打印组金属丝暴露2人;12个月复查时,传统组金属丝暴露15人,3D打印组金属丝暴露5人.两种方法制作夹板在复查3、6、12个月时均无松动.在复查3、6、12个月时,菌斑指数、牙石指数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:相较于传统法,3D打印牙周导板可以快速、精准引导树脂成型,在松牙固定中有一定的临床应用价值.

The invention relates to a plastifying method for a photosensitive composite material quickly by a template of a 3D printed resin periodontal splint and an application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: importing CBCT data of a patient in a dcm format to Mimics Research 19.0 software, intercepting a tooth position needed to design according to a clinical demand, and copying the shapes of a lip cheek and a tongue palate side tooth face, wherein the gap demand of the splint template and the tongue palate side tooth face is as follows: the width is 0.6 mm, and copying the shapes of a lip cheek and a tongue palate side tooth face; the splint template design demand is as follows: designing a root area and a far middle face sealing area, and designing an adjacent tooth auxiliaryretention position; storing the final design in a format of st1 and inputting the design to a 3D printer to be printed. The method has the characteristics of copying the tooth face shape fully and being uniform in thickness, smooth in surface, primary to form and high in speed, and preventing resin from compressing gum and abducted gap.

Coptidis Rhizoma binds to the membrane receptors on hPDLSC/CMC, and the active ingredient Berberine (BER) that can be extracted from it may promote the proliferation and osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSC). The membrane receptor that binds with BER on the cell surface of hPDLSC, the mechanism of direct interaction between BER and hPDLSC, and the related signal pathway are not yet clear. In this research, EGFR was screened as the affinity membrane receptor between BER and hPDLSC, through retention on CMC, competition with BER and by using a molecular docking simulation score. At the same time, the MAPK PCR Array was selected to screen the target genes that changed when hPDLSC was simulated by BER. In conclusion, BER may bind to EGFR on the cell membrane of hPDLSC so the intracellular ERK signalling pathways activate, and nuclear-related genes of FOS change, resulting in the effect of osteogenesis on PDLSC.

目的 通过对口腔医学本科生手工龈上洁治术考核成绩统计分析,了解学生每一项操作环节得分情况,为牙周实习手工龈上洁治术教学提供参考.方法 以西安交通大学口腔医学院学生为调查对象,根据执业医师龈上洁治术考试的内容,制定考核项目及评分标准.牙周临床实习结束后,由两名高年资具有高级职称的教师,根据龈上洁治术评分标准进行打分,取平均分,进行统计分析.结果 洁治前准备得分最高,95.59%的学生仪表端庄、服装整洁,91.18%的学生洗手、戴手套正确,洁治得分最低,没有一个学生龈上洁治器械使用完全准确,98.53%的学生龈上洁治器的握持方法 及支点不正确,92.65%的学生器械选择错误.男女生在各操作环节中的表现没有显著性差异(P>0.05).不考虑性别,五年制与七年制学生在器械选择方面的表现并无显著性差异(P=0.063).考虑性别与学制,五年制男生在器械选择方面得分显著低于七年制男生(P=0.018)及七年制女生(P=0.049).结论 增加牙周实习时间,加强仿头模上器械使用、器械握持的方式及支点的训练,牙周实习用手工做龈上洁治术洁治.

目的:通过对护理人员进行艾滋病方面的专业培训,了解该方法在提高护理人员对艾滋病流行情况的认知、对艾滋病患者的态度及自我防护方面的作用.方法:以口腔医院96名护理人员为调查对象,借助调查问卷的形式,分析其在培训前后差异.结果:护理人员培训前后在艾滋病流行情况的认识、自我防护方面、对就诊的艾滋病患者愿意提供护理服务及成为援艾志愿者方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:就护理工作而言,将艾滋病专业知识的培训纳入日常培训工作中,可提高对艾滋病患者的护理服务水平及护理人员自我防护能力.

目的:牙周门诊术后使用自制改良冰袋冷敷术区,观察其临床使用效果.方法:将702例牙周门诊手术患者随机分为试验组、对照组,每组351例样本,试验组使用自制改良冰袋,对照组使用传统冰袋,两组均在术后48 h内冷敷.采用电话回访及现场调查,使用字2检验,比较两组患者术后恢复情况、患者及医生的满意度.结果:试验组术后恢复效果、患者及医生的满意度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:自制改良冰袋术后使用效果好,患者及医生的满意度高,利于临床推广.

Excessive consumption of alcohol is a well-established risk factor of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the effects of moderate alcohol drinking remain to be elucidated. This study was designed to determine the effects of moderate ethanol ingestion on atrial fibrillation and the electrophysiological mechanisms. In acetylcholine-induced canine and mouse AF models, the moderate ethanol prevented the generation and persistence of AF through prolonging the latent period of AF and shortening the duration of AF. The action potential duration (APD) was remarkably prolonged under the concentration range of 12.5–50.0mM ethanol in guinea pig atrial myocytes. Ultra-rapid delayed rectified potassium currents (IKv1.5) were markedly inhibited by 12.5–50.0mM ethanol in a concentration-dependent manner. Ethanol with 50.0mM could inhibit rapid delayed rectifier potassium currents (IhERG). Ethanol under 6.25–50.0mM did not affect on inward rectifier potassium currents (IKir2.1). Collectively, the present study provided an evidence that moderate ethanol intake can prolong the APD of atrial myocytes by inhibition of IKv1.5 and IhERG, which contributed to preventing the development and duration of AF.

Objective:The clinical characteristics and the causes of vertical root fracture in patients with periodontitis were explored and then put forward the new protective and therapeutic methods .Methods :52 teeth of vertical root fracture in 51 patients with chronic periodontitis were investigated .General situations of patients were analyzed .Vertical root fracture ,periodontal condition and occlusal relationship were determined by radiographic ex‐amination .Results:Vertical root fractures used to occur in 45 years of age or older patients ,and the sex ratio for vertical root fracture was 2 .40∶1 .Periodontal examination showed alveolar bone loss in all patients companied with 75 .00% of tooth occlusal trauma and (or) occlusal trauma susceptible factors .There were higher morbidity at man‐dibular first and second molar mesial root and the maxillary first molar buccal root .Conclusion:Periodontitis with periodontal destruction and the occlusal trauma contributed to vertical root fracture .So improvement of occlusal in‐terference in periodontitis will decrease the risk of vertical root fracture .

Objective :To observe the clinical effects on prevention of alveolar bone absorption by site preservation after tooth extraction due to serious chronic periodontitis .Methods :The fresh sockets were immediately grafted and filled with CGF compounded with Bio‐Oss and CGF membrane after minimally invasive tooth extraction , the clinical effect was observated change by taking X‐ray and CBCT after 6 months .Results :No infection case was found in all patients ,After six months ,alveolar bone height and width in good condition ,gingival was plump .Conclu‐sion :CGF compounded with osteoinduction active material technique can have good effect on guiding bone regenera ‐tion ,and can meet the needs of post‐implanting .

Periodontitis is a severe inflammatory response, leading to characteristic periodontal soft tissue destruction and alveolar bone resorption. Baicalin possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity; however, it is still unclear whether baicalin regulates toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 expression and downstream signaling during the process of periodontitis. In this study, the cervical area of the maxillary second molars of rats was ligated and inoculated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) for 4weeks to induce periodontitis. Some rats with periodontitis were treated intragastrically with baicalin (50, 100 or 200mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 4weeks. Compared with the sham group, the levels of TLR2, TLR4 and MyD88 expression and the p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation were up-regulated in the experimental periodontitis group (EPG), accompanied by marked alveolar bone loss and severe inflammation. Treatment with 100 or 200mg/kg/day baicalin dramatically reduced the alveolar bone loss, the levels of HMGB1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MPO expression, and the numbers of inflammatory infiltrates in the gingival tissues. Importantly, treatment with 100 or 200mg/kg/day baicalin mitigated the periodontitis-up-regulated TLR2, TLR4 and MyD88 expression, and the p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation. Hence, the blockage of the TLR2 and TLR4/MyD88/p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling by baicalin may contribute to its anti-inflammatory effects in rat model of periodontitis. In conclusion, these novel findings indicate that baicalin inhibits the TLR2 and TLR4 expression and the downstream signaling and mitigates inflammatory responses and the alveolar bone loss in rat experimental periodontitis. Therefore, baicalin may be a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of periodontitis.